Abstract: Yield improvement has been the primary goal of rice breeding, the yield potential of more and more hybrid rice varieties is not significantly higher than that of the early cultivated rice varieties, but the yield of conventional varieties has been improved constantly as new germplasm resources have been developed and applied, and the yield of some conventional rice varieties is higher than that of hybrid rice. For specification of yield difference between conventional rice and hybrid rice, and reposition conventional rice varieties, this study compared conventional rice and hybrid rice with the same genetic background, and analyzed the yield and its related traits of 12 combinations. The results showed that among the 12 comparison test groups between the conventional rice and hybrid rice, the hybrid rice varieties with significantly higher yield than the conventional ones accounted for 41.7% , conventional rice varieties with higher yield than the hybrid ones accounted for 16.6%, and the yield difference being not obvious between the two accounted for 41.7% of the total. Part of the conventional varieties had the same yield or even higher yield compared with the same type hybrid rice. The study could provide a theoretical reference for the conventional genetic breeding and its popularization and application.