Abstract: The study aims to solve the problem that seasonal drought affecting blossoming and fruit setting of Citrus maxima in Xishuangbanna. Citrus maxima ‘Dongshizao’ was selected as the study material to evaluate the effects of different drought-resistant measures on photosynthetic physiological characteristics and Citrus maxima ‘Dongshizao’ production during the key phenological phases. Comparative study of four drought-resistant measures (black plastic, white plastic, weeds and water retention agent) with a control treatment was carried out in field. In result, for all different soil layers, the soil bulk density under straw mulch was the minimum and its soil porosity was the maximum. While under black or membrane mulch, the soil bulk density was the maximum and its soil porosity was the minimum. The contents of different soil nutrients varied with time differences. Membrane mulching could increase iron and zinc content, straw mulching could increase the contents of plentiful elements as well as calcium, boron and other elements in surface soil, and water retention agent could slow down the decline of micronutrients. Various drought-resistant measures could increase fruit set and yield, with most significant increase (respectively 91.7% and 56.9%) under black membrane mulching compared with that of control treatment. Mulching measure could obviously affect fruit weight and edible rate, and thereby affect soluble solids, total acidity, total sugar and reducing sugar; while the fruit shape index and the number of seeds per bag flap were not significantly affected; and particularly, straw mulching could significantly increase the total sugar and Vc content. Compared with that of the control, the contents of total sugar, vitamin C and soluble solid under mulching treatment were greatly increased by 18.7%, 18.2% and 11%, respectively.