Abstract: In order to efficiently use peanut germplasm resources and provide a powerful data support to breeding program, genetic diversity and relationship of main quantitative characters were assessed with a collection of 46 peanut gemrplasm. The results showed that the peanut resources in 21 traits had significant genetic differentiation and diversity. The variant coefficient varied from 11.19% to 82.41% and diversity index varied from 0.3095 to 2.0468 with an average of 1.6805. The trends of change were on the contrary between variant coefficient and diversity indices. Correlation analysis indicated that there was significantly positive correlation or extremely significant positive correlation between height of main stem and nodes of main stem, branch length, pod yield of one plant; the second branches and the total braches; pod number of one plant and pod yield of one plant; leaflet length and leaflet width; pod length and pod width, seed length, 100-pod weight; pod width and seed length, seed width, 100-pod weight; seed length and seed width, 100-pod weight; seed width and 100-pod weight, 100-pod weight and pod yield of one plant. These strong correlations can be used to improve the efficiency in germplasm evaluation.