Abstract: In order to identify the resistance of peanut varieties against scab disease, the changes of physiological characteristics and yield in two peanut varieties‘Heyou 13’and‘Quanhua10’with different resistance effected by peanut scab were studied in field experiment by spray. The results showed the soluble sugar increased firstly then decreased both in the resistant and susceptible peanuts after inoculation. Compared with the control, the soluble sugar of resistant peanut was higher, and that of the susceptible peanut was lower, which implied that the peanut resistance to scab was positive correlated with soluble content. The soluble protein content in leaves of resistant and susceptible peanut varieties after inoculation was higher than that of the control. The peak of soluble protein content appeared earlier in the susceptible peanut than in the resistant peanut, which indicated that the susceptible peanut were more sensitive to the pathogen than the resistant peanut. The leaf SOD activity increased firstly then decreased both in resistant and susceptible varieties lower than the susceptible varieties. With the growth process, the CAT and POD activity first decreased then increased, again decreased. Compared with the corresponding control the resistant varieties were relatively higher than the susceptible varieties, which illustrated that the protective enzymes played important roles in resistance mechanism to scab. The MDA content of two peanut varieties after inoculation increased, indicating that the plasma membrane was subject to different degrees of damage. The yield of resistant and susceptible varieties after inoculation reduced, but the yield of the susceptible peanut of‘Quanhua 10’reduced greater.