Abstract: In order to study the willingness of tilapia breeding and its influencing factors, based on the survey of 263 farmers in major tilapia producing areas of China, an empirical analysis was conducted using Logit model. The results showed that a variety of factors affected the willingness, among which the risk propensity, breeding years, sales of tilapia, relevant training, participation in industrial management organization and the promotion and subsidies by local government had positive effects on the willingness of tilapia breeding, while the breeding area of tilapia had a negative effect. To enhance the willingness of tilapia breeding, the government of the major tilapia producing areas should strengthen policy support, such as carrying out a rational production distribution and plan, advocating scientific and healthy ecological breeding mode and so on.