Abstract: The objective is to further clarify the effect of drought stress on the material transport of wheat vegetative organs and grain-filling characteristics. Under field condition, we took four wheat cultivars‘Jimai 585’,‘Henong 825’,‘Nongda 211’and‘Jingdong 8’as the experimental materials, and set up two treatments: irrigation and rain-fed. The dry matter accumulation and transfer of wheat vegetative organs and grain-filling characteristics under drought stress condition were studied. The results showed that compared with irrigation cultivation, the dry matter weight of single stem vegetative organ of mature wheat under drought stress increased, but the economic coefficient and grain yield were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the drought stress promoted the translocation of dry matter from vegetative organs to grain of‘Jingdong 8’, while the drought stress inhibited this translocation of‘Jimai 585’,‘Henong 825’and‘Nongda 211’. The influence of drought stress on wheat grain-filling had genotype difference. Under the condition of rain-fed cultivation, the maximum grain filling rate of‘Henong 825’,‘Jimai 585’and‘Nongda 211’increased significantly compared with that under irrigation cultivation, but the maximum grain filling rate of‘Jingdong 8’ significantly reduced. Drought stress has little effect on the changes of slow-increase period, fast-increase period and slight- increase period of‘Henong 825’and‘Nongda 211’, but shortened the days of slowincrease period and fast- increase period in‘Jimai 585’, and extended the slow- increase period days of ‘Jingdong 8’, delayed the time of peak filling stage.