Abstract: The paper aims to improve the forecast accuracy of short-term heavy rainfall, and provide references for the government decision making. By using conventional observation data and information provided by Micaps system, the authors adopted the synoptics diagnosis and mesoscale analysis method to conduct live rain fall, mesoscale and satellite cloud image analysis of the short-term heavy rainfall process occurred on August 1, 2015 in central Shanxi Province. Results showed that: the heavy rainfall appearance time was associated with 850 hPa shear line and the ground convergence line movement, and the moving direction of TBB negative center; heavy rainfall appeared near the ground convergence line, in south of 850 hPa warm shear, and at the bottom of 200 hPa jet and split-flow amplitude area; heavy rainfall appearance area had a good corresponding relationship with the TBB<-52℃ range and the ground convergence line; heavy rainfall center was in negative center with TBB values below -52℃.