Abstract: To study the effect of land use patterns and fertilization on the soil fertility, and the evolution trend of soil fertility of farmland in Ling’an, situation of total nitrogen, available N, P and K of all farmland soils were investigated from 2008 to 2010 by sampling. The results showed that the differences in both land use and fertilization level had resulted in significant spatial heterogeneity of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in farmland soils in Ling’an, there were great variations in soil available P and K among different locations and different land use patterns. Totally, spatial variation of soil total N was less than that of available P and K; among the three kinds of nutrients, available P was the most abundant, while available K was the most deficient. Available P and K were significantly accumulated in Lei bamboo forest soils, some soils had begun to show a negative impact on environments; however, there were significant deficiencies of available P and K in the soils for production of grain, tea, and hickory nut. Compared with results of the Second General Soil Survey, available P in farmland increased significantly while available K tended to decrease. It suggested that input of fertilizers should be increased in the soils for production of grain, tea, and hickory nut; input of fertilizers in Lei bamboo forest soils should be controlled; attention should be paid to organic fertilizer application and organicinorganic combined fertilization.