Abstract: Surface soil nutrient and its spatial distribution in Ugan- Kuqa river delta oasis were studied, correlation analysis between nutrient elements was conducted, and the optimum regulation between soil nutrient and crop growth was investigated, which could provide a scientific basis for rational utilization of soil resources and precise fertilization measures. The correlation analysis and normal distribution of organic matter of total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, slowly available potassium and available potassium were conducted with statistics, geostatistics and spatial analysis method under the support of SPSS20.0 and surfer8.0. The results showed that: (1) the correlation of organic matter with total nitrogen and available nitrogen, and the correlation of total nitrogen with available nitrogen were extremely and significantly positive at 0.01 in Kuqa County; the correlation of total nitrogen and available phosphorus was significantly positive at 0.05 in Xayar County; the correlation of slowly available potassium and available potassium was extremely and significantly positive at 0.01 in Xinhe County; (2) the soil in the study area was alkalescent, the organic matter, total nitrogen and available potassium were rich, available nitrogen was absent, available phosphorus was in the middle level and slowly available potassium was rich; (3) the six nutrients’variation in the three counties’ cotton planting soil was all normally distributed; (4) according to the spatial distribution characteristics, available nitrogen was rich in the middle of the study area, then gradually decreased to south and north; total nitrogen and organic matter distributed evenly; available potassium and slowly available potassium were rich in north and absent in south, which presented a decreasing trend from north to south; available potassium was less in north, and gradually increased to the southeast.