Abstract: Based on the meteorological data, historical drought disaster data and yield data and social attribute data of potato from 1979 to 2013 in 73 Banner site stations of Inner Mongolia, the authors determined the risk distribution of drought disaster factors by building the precipitation anomaly at seedling stage in mid-western and eastern Inner Mongolia, and carried out risk assessment and regionalization of drought disaster at potato seedling stage in combining with the evaluation index system of the vulnerability of hazard bearing body, the exposure of hazard inducing environment and the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation, meanwhile, using spatial analysis of GIS. The results showed that: the area ratio of high risk areas was 16.0%, which mainly distributed in northeastern Ordos, northern Baotou, southern Hohhot, most regions in Wulanchabu and southern Xilingol; the middle risk areas mainly distributed in Zhungeer Banner of Erdos, northern Hohhot, western Chifeng, northwestern Tongliao, western Xing’an League, northern Hulunbeier, with an coverage being 17.9% in the total area; the relatively low risk areas of drought mainly distributed in eastern Inner Mongolia, with an coverage being 46.3%; the low risk areas with a ratio of 19.8% were intensively distributed in irrigated areas, including Hetao irrigation area and Liao River Basin.