Abstract: The aim of the study is to carry out phytoremediation for the alum mining tailings better. We studied the community characteristics of the natural colonized plants in alum mine, tested the contents of K, Al, S of the plants, analyzed the enrichment coefficient of K, Al, S by ANOVA. The results showed that the habitat on alum mining tailings was very adverse. Without manual intervention, there were only a few species capable of growing in it, only 9 families, 12 genera, 13 species were investigated. The plant community structure was relatively simple, the mean species number was only 1.86, and average coverage was 23.67%. The study also found that Clerodendron cyrtophyllum, Ischaemum indicum, Imperata cylindrica and Yucca flaccida were hyperaccumulators in K, Clerodendron cyrtophyllum was also hyperaccumulators in Al. These results will help to guide the selection of acclimation pioneer plants of ecological restoration in the alum mining tailings.