Response of Water and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Maize to Phased Drought and Nitrogen Application

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2024-0305

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer application rates and phased drought on maize growth and water and water-nitrogen utilization efficiency, in this study, ‘Denghai Super 2’ and ‘Zhengdan 958’ were used as experimental materials to study the controlling effects of drought at the jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage under different nitrogen fertilizer application rates on maize dry matter accumulation and water and nitrogen utilization efficiency through a pot experiment. The results showed that various phased droughts treatments both reduced the dry matter weight of maize grains, and reduced water use efficiency and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of maize. Drought appeared at flowering stage of maize had the maximal effects on the dry matter accumulation of grains, followed by drought appeared at jointing stage. Under drought conditions, increasing nitrogen fertilizer application rates promoted the grains accumulation and water use utilization efficiency of ‘Zhengdan 958’, which had the strong drought resistance. But as for ‘Denghai Super 2’, which had the weak drought resistance, the positive effects of increasing nitrogen fertilizer application rates were only appeared in drought at filling stage and full irrigation conditions. Nitrogen utilization efficiency of 2 varieties of maize decreased with increase of nitrogen fertilizer application rates. And the nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency of maize in drought condition at the filling stage was higher than that of other treatments (drought appeared at jointing and flowering stages, respectively). The experimental results provided a theoretical basis for water and fertilizer management of maize in the Huang-Huai-Hai region.

Key words: water-fertilizer coupling, drought stress, dry matter allocation, water use efficiency, N use efficiency

HU Bin, LIU Enke, ZONG Rui, GAO Xia, FU Xiaoyan, GAO Yang, LI Qiumei, LI Quanqi. Response of Water and Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency of Maize to Phased Drought and Nitrogen Application[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2024, 40(30): 11-16.

Figures/Tables 4

References 29

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处理	登海超级2号					郑单958
处理	籽粒	叶片	茎秆	根系	苞叶+穗轴	籽粒	叶片	茎秆	根系	苞叶+穗轴
JN₁	81.9d	31.9c	64.1b	23.6d	30.5e	74.4f	29.3d	60.2cd	37.9a	24.3e
JN₂	75.2e	30.5c	51.7d	22.1d	25.1f	94.3d	32.0bc	62.8c	31.3ab	26.4d
JN₃	57.4f	30.9c	50.5d	22.8d	27.0f	103.2c	30.7d	65.0b	28.5c	30.2cd
FN₁	2.9g	33.7b	107.4a	26.7c	45.5b	71.4f	30.3d	61.6c	29.9c	40.7a
FN₂	4.4g	36.8a	106.7a	31.8b	53.1a	72.4f	33.1a	62.0c	28.4c	37.9b
FN₃	0	35.7a	108.5a	33.5a	54.6a	98.3cd	31.3bc	49.7e	23.6e	30.0cd
GN₁	95.8c	29.3c	52.2d	22.5d	36.4e	89.9e	33.1a	55.4c	27.1c	29.4cd
GN₂	97.7bc	29.9c	53.5c	22.7d	37.0c	91.5e	31.9bc	53.0c	25.1de	28.0d
GN₃	101.7b	30.2c	51.8d	18.0e	28.4f	96.7d	31.2bc	62.1c	23.6e	24.2e
TN₁	86.4d	32.7b	61.5bc	19.4e	31.2e	114.8b	33.0a	68.2a	26.6d	31.4c
TN₂	103.3a	32.4b	58.8c	22.3d	35.5d	120.4a	31.2bc	62.7c	23.9e	32.3c
TN₃	108.5a	32.8b	57.3c	22.0d	37.5c	125.5a	33.1a	65.8b	23.7e	38.8b

处理	登海超级2号					郑单958
处理	籽粒	叶片	茎秆	根系	苞叶+穗轴	籽粒	叶片	茎秆	根系	苞叶+穗轴
JN₁	81.9d	31.9c	64.1b	23.6d	30.5e	74.4f	29.3d	60.2cd	37.9a	24.3e
JN₂	75.2e	30.5c	51.7d	22.1d	25.1f	94.3d	32.0bc	62.8c	31.3ab	26.4d
JN₃	57.4f	30.9c	50.5d	22.8d	27.0f	103.2c	30.7d	65.0b	28.5c	30.2cd
FN₁	2.9g	33.7b	107.4a	26.7c	45.5b	71.4f	30.3d	61.6c	29.9c	40.7a
FN₂	4.4g	36.8a	106.7a	31.8b	53.1a	72.4f	33.1a	62.0c	28.4c	37.9b
FN₃	0	35.7a	108.5a	33.5a	54.6a	98.3cd	31.3bc	49.7e	23.6e	30.0cd
GN₁	95.8c	29.3c	52.2d	22.5d	36.4e	89.9e	33.1a	55.4c	27.1c	29.4cd
GN₂	97.7bc	29.9c	53.5c	22.7d	37.0c	91.5e	31.9bc	53.0c	25.1de	28.0d
GN₃	101.7b	30.2c	51.8d	18.0e	28.4f	96.7d	31.2bc	62.1c	23.6e	24.2e
TN₁	86.4d	32.7b	61.5bc	19.4e	31.2e	114.8b	33.0a	68.2a	26.6d	31.4c
TN₂	103.3a	32.4b	58.8c	22.3d	35.5d	120.4a	31.2bc	62.7c	23.9e	32.3c
TN₃	108.5a	32.8b	57.3c	22.0d	37.5c	125.5a	33.1a	65.8b	23.7e	38.8b

处理	登海超级2号						郑单958
处理	籽粒	叶片	茎秆	根系		苞叶+穗轴	籽粒	叶片	茎秆	根系		苞叶+穗轴
JN₁	35.3	13.8	27.6	10.2		13.1	32.9	13.0	26.6	16.8		10.7
JN₂	36.8	14.9	25.3	10.8		12.3	38.2	13.0	25.4	12.7		10.7
JN₃	30.4	16.4	26.8	12.1		14.3	40.1	11.9	25.2	11.1		11.7
FN₁	1.3	15.6	49.7	12.3		21.0	30.5	13.0	26.3	12.8		17.4
FN₂	1.9	15.8	45.8	13.7		22.8	31.0	14.2	26.5	12.1		16.2
FN₃	0.0	15.4	46.7	14.4		23.5	42.2	13.4	21.3	10.1		12.9
GN₁	40.6	12.4	22.1	9.5		15.4	38.3	14.1	23.6	11.5		12.5
GN₂	40.6	12.4	22.2	9.4		15.4	39.9	13.9	23.1	10.9		12.2
GN₃	44.2	13.1	22.5	7.8		12.3	40.7	13.1	26.1	9.9		10.2
TN₁	37.4	14.1	26.6	8.4		13.5	41.9	12.0	24.9	9.7		11.5
TN₂	40.9	12.8	23.3	8.8	14.1		44.5	11.5	23.2	8.8	11.9
TN₃	42.0	12.7	22.2	8.5	14.5		43.7	11.5	22.9	8.3	13.5

处理	登海超级2号						郑单958
处理	籽粒	叶片	茎秆	根系		苞叶+穗轴	籽粒	叶片	茎秆	根系		苞叶+穗轴
JN₁	35.3	13.8	27.6	10.2		13.1	32.9	13.0	26.6	16.8		10.7
JN₂	36.8	14.9	25.3	10.8		12.3	38.2	13.0	25.4	12.7		10.7
JN₃	30.4	16.4	26.8	12.1		14.3	40.1	11.9	25.2	11.1		11.7
FN₁	1.3	15.6	49.7	12.3		21.0	30.5	13.0	26.3	12.8		17.4
FN₂	1.9	15.8	45.8	13.7		22.8	31.0	14.2	26.5	12.1		16.2
FN₃	0.0	15.4	46.7	14.4		23.5	42.2	13.4	21.3	10.1		12.9
GN₁	40.6	12.4	22.1	9.5		15.4	38.3	14.1	23.6	11.5		12.5
GN₂	40.6	12.4	22.2	9.4		15.4	39.9	13.9	23.1	10.9		12.2
GN₃	44.2	13.1	22.5	7.8		12.3	40.7	13.1	26.1	9.9		10.2
TN₁	37.4	14.1	26.6	8.4		13.5	41.9	12.0	24.9	9.7		11.5
TN₂	40.9	12.8	23.3	8.8	14.1		44.5	11.5	23.2	8.8	11.9
TN₃	42.0	12.7	22.2	8.5	14.5		43.7	11.5	22.9	8.3	13.5

处理	水分利用效率
处理	登海超级2号	郑单958
JN₁	2.31c	2.10f
JN₂	2.12d	2.66d
JN₃	1.62e	2.91a
FN₁	0.08g	2.04f
FN₂	0.12g	2.01f
FN₃	0.00	2.77c
GN₁	2.70b	2.53e
GN₂	2.75ab	2.58de
GN₃	2.87a	2.72d
TN₁	1.99d	2.64d
TN₂	2.37cd	2.77c
TN₃	2.49c	2.88b