Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Soil Properties and Tobacco Yield and Quality Under Alfalfa-Tobacco Rotation System

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2026-0348

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effect of a ‘two-year alfalfa-one-year tobacco’ rotation system and the appropriate combined application scheme of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and to alleviate the continuous tobacco cultivation obstacles, ‘K326’ tobacco and the alfalfa variety ‘Algonquin’ were used as materials for the experiment in the tobacco-growing area of Xundian, Yunnan Province. A L₉(3³) orthogonal design was adopted to set up 9 combined application treatments of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and 1 blank control (CK). The effects of different fertilization strategies on soil physical and chemical properties and tobacco yield and quality under this planting system were analyzed. The results showed that the fresh weight and dry weight of alfalfa in the second year were 31.6% and 44.2% higher than those in the first year, respectively, and the best cutting period was in the late spring and early summer. The combined application of fertilizers had no significant effect on soil pH and water-soluble chlorine content (P>0.05). The T7 treatment (N 127.5 kg/hm², P₂O₅ 82.5 kg/hm², K₂O 382.5 kg/hm²) had the best effect on improving soil organic matter and other nutrient indicators. The agronomic traits were the best in the T7 treatment, and the growth vigor of tobacco plants was the best. In terms of economic traits, the T7 treatment had the highest yield, and the T6 treatment (N 105.0 kg/hm², P₂O₅112.5 kg/hm², K₂O 247.5 kg/hm²) had the best comprehensive benefits, with a value of 67984.5 yuan/hm² and a proportion of high-quality tobacco of 75.83%. The T3 (N 82.5 kg/hm², P₂O₅112.5 kg/hm², K₂O 382.5 kg/hm²), T4 (N 105.0 kg/hm², P₂O₅82.5 kg/hm², K₂O 315.0 kg/hm²), T6 and T7 treatments had excellent tobacco leaf appearance quality, and the T4, T6 and T7 treatments had higher chemical component availability indices of middle tobacco leaves. The blank control was significantly lower than the fertilization treatments (T1-T9) in all indicators (P<0.05), and the growth and yield and quality of tobacco were severely inhibited. In conclusion, the ‘two-year alfalfa + one-year tobacco’ rotation system can improve the basic fertility of tobacco field soil. Combined with the appropriate application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, it can significantly improve the soil and enhance the yield and quality of tobacco. Among them, the T6 treatment is the optimal fertilization treatment that takes into account both yield and quality and economic benefits, and the T7 treatment is the appropriate fertilization treatment that focuses on increasing yield.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, alfalfa, rotation, combined application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, soil physical and chemical properties, economic traits

CLC Number:

S-156.2

XU Xingyang, YANG Zongyun, GENG Yu, MA Zuoyu, WANG Xiaoyun, HOU Yongqiang, PAN Siguang, PAN Yihong. Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Soil Properties and Tobacco Yield and Quality Under Alfalfa-Tobacco Rotation System[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(19): 51-59.

Figures/Tables 8

References 41

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处理	水平			施肥量/(kg/hm²)
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
T1	1	1	1	82.50	82.50	247.50
T2	1	2	2	82.50	97.50	315.00
T3	1	3	3	82.50	112.50	382.50
T4	2	1	2	105.00	82.50	315.00
T5	2	2	3	105.00	97.50	382.50
T6	2	3	1	105.00	112.50	247.50
T7	3	1	3	127.50	82.50	382.50
T8	3	2	1	127.50	97.50	247.50
T9	3	3	2	127.50	112.50	315.00
CK				0.00	0.00	0.00

处理	水平			施肥量/(kg/hm²)
处理	N	P₂O₅	K₂O	N	P₂O₅	K₂O
T1	1	1	1	82.50	82.50	247.50
T2	1	2	2	82.50	97.50	315.00
T3	1	3	3	82.50	112.50	382.50
T4	2	1	2	105.00	82.50	315.00
T5	2	2	3	105.00	97.50	382.50
T6	2	3	1	105.00	112.50	247.50
T7	3	1	3	127.50	82.50	382.50
T8	3	2	1	127.50	97.50	247.50
T9	3	3	2	127.50	112.50	315.00
CK				0.00	0.00	0.00

年份	日期(月.日)	生物产量/(kg/hm²)		年份	日期(月.日)	生物产量/(kg/hm²)
年份	日期(月.日)	鲜重	干重	年份	日期(月.日)	鲜重	干重
2022	01.21	27553.50	5463.00	2023	02.02	32152.50	6751.50
	04.07	36018.00	7183.50		04.10	34467.00	8272.50
	05.06	25212.00	6286.50		05.12	36471.00	8023.50
	06.07	31356.00	6063.00		06.15	38314.50	7663.50
	07.23	16381.50	3427.50		08.02	36277.50	6892.50
	08.26	21813.00	3841.50		09.26	33204.00	7969.50
	10.15	24154.50	4405.50		11.15	29245.50	7311.00
	合计	182488.50	36670.50		合计	240132.00	52884.00

年份	日期(月.日)	生物产量/(kg/hm²)		年份	日期(月.日)	生物产量/(kg/hm²)
年份	日期(月.日)	鲜重	干重	年份	日期(月.日)	鲜重	干重
2022	01.21	27553.50	5463.00	2023	02.02	32152.50	6751.50
	04.07	36018.00	7183.50		04.10	34467.00	8272.50
	05.06	25212.00	6286.50		05.12	36471.00	8023.50
	06.07	31356.00	6063.00		06.15	38314.50	7663.50
	07.23	16381.50	3427.50		08.02	36277.50	6892.50
	08.26	21813.00	3841.50		09.26	33204.00	7969.50
	10.15	24154.50	4405.50		11.15	29245.50	7311.00
	合计	182488.50	36670.50		合计	240132.00	52884.00

处理	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	水解性氮/(mg/kg)	有效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)	水溶性氯/(mg/kg)	阳离子交换量/(cmol/kg)
T1	7.36a	35.18c	110.24c	30.27c	201.93c	16.82a	21.49c
T2	7.17a	32.15c	113.82c	35.55b	225.84b	15.79a	23.87b
T3	7.26a	33.95c	114.75c	36.28b	268.42a	15.23a	22.74b
T4	7.32a	37.14b	135.57a	30.99c	192.31c	17.16a	25.38a
T5	7.13a	34.29c	124.69b	32.26c	231.25b	14.58a	24.19a
T6	7.08a	37.71b	117.36c	37.43b	181.57d	16.94a	22.15b
T7	7.24a	41.16a	132.64a	29.38c	254.29a	14.96a	26.06a
T8	7.11a	34.54c	127.83b	41.21a	171.20d	18.37a	23.17b
T9	7.10a	38.01b	136.92a	46.13a	219.33b	17.45a	22.02b
CK	7.41a	31.17d	98.13d	27.84d	167.86e	13.43a	21.51c