Effect of Machine-Transplanting Synchronized with Side-deep Fertilization on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization and Soil Nitrogen Content

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2025-0513

Abstract

Abstract:

In-depth studies on the effects of machine-transplanting synchronized with side-deep fertilization on grain yield, nitrogen (N) uptake and N use efficiency of rice, and soil N contents will provide a theoretical basis for N efficient use with reduced application rate in machine-transplanting rice. Six treatments were established in Yuhang District, Hangzhou City of Zhejiang Province during 2018 to 2020, including no N fertilizer (N₀), conventional fertilization (N₁), conventional fertilization with 10% N reduction and side-deep fertilization (N₂), slow-released fertilizer (SF) with 15% N reduction (N₃), SF with 15% N reduction and side-deep fertilization (N₄) and SF with 15% N reduction and one-time side-deep fertilization (N₅). The characteristics of dry matter accumulation, grain yield, N concentration, N uptake, N use efficiency of rice, as well as soil available N were determined. The results showed that when reducing conventional N application rate by 15%, side-deep fertilization with SF (N₄ and N₅) would still have similar dry matter accumulation and N accumulation compared with N₁treatment. The results of three-year average indicated that the yield of N₃ treatment was the lowest among all N application treatments, which was significantly lower than those of other N treatments. The SF with side-deep fertilization treatments (N₄ and N₅) had similar N concentration in rice plant and N uptake by rice compared with N₁ treatment. No significant difference in N apparent use efficiency was observed among N₄, N₅ and N₁ treatment. However, compared with N₁ treatment, the SF with side-deep fertilization treatments (N₄ and N₅) increased the N agronomy efficiency and N partial factor productivity by 24.1% and 19.1%, respectively, in 2018; and by 21.8%-35.7% and 18.3%-21.0%, respectively, in 2019; and by 0.6%-24.8% and 13.9%-19.0%, respectively, in 2020. Despite a 15% reduction in N application rate, the SF with side-deep fertilization did not decrease the soil available N concentration compared with N₁ treatment. To sum up, slow-released fertilizer with side-deep fertilization effectively reduces N input and maintains yield in machine-transplanted rice, and improves N use efficiency, making it worthy of active promotion and application.

Key words: machine-transplanting rice, side-deep fertilization, rice yield, nitrogen reduction, nitrogen use efficiency

SHANG Xiaolan, LI Dan, FANG Wenying, XU Zhu, WANG Qiang, CHEN Zhaoming. Effect of Machine-Transplanting Synchronized with Side-deep Fertilization on Rice Yield, Nitrogen Fertilizer Utilization and Soil Nitrogen Content[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2026, 42(7): 1-7.

Figures/Tables 7

References 21

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处理	施肥方式	基肥/(kg/hm²)					分蘖肥/(kg/hm²)	穗肥/(kg/hm²)
处理	施肥方式	过磷酸钙	氯化钾	复合肥	缓释肥	尿素	尿素	尿素	氯化钾
N₀	撒施	312	237	0	0	0	0	0	0
N₁	撒施	0	0	375	0	0	187.5	136.5	150
N₂	机插侧深施	108	0	245	0	0	187.5	136.5	180
N₃	撒施	0	144	0	469	0	0	163	0
N₄	机插侧深施	0	144	0	469	0	0	163	0
N₅	机插侧深施	0	144	0	469	163	0	0	0

处理	施肥方式	基肥/(kg/hm²)					分蘖肥/(kg/hm²)	穗肥/(kg/hm²)
处理	施肥方式	过磷酸钙	氯化钾	复合肥	缓释肥	尿素	尿素	尿素	氯化钾
N₀	撒施	312	237	0	0	0	0	0	0
N₁	撒施	0	0	375	0	0	187.5	136.5	150
N₂	机插侧深施	108	0	245	0	0	187.5	136.5	180
N₃	撒施	0	144	0	469	0	0	163	0
N₄	机插侧深施	0	144	0	469	0	0	163	0
N₅	机插侧深施	0	144	0	469	163	0	0	0

年份	处理	干物质积累量			齐穗后干物质积累量
年份	处理	分蘖期	齐穗期	成熟期	齐穗后干物质积累量
2018	N₀	913b	8126b	15039c	6913c
	N₁	1414a	12035a	19956ab	7920b
	N₂	1545a	11572a	20586a	9014a
	N₃	1425a	11926a	19654b	7727b
	N₄	1427a	12054a	20234ab	8179ab
	N₅	1124ab	11770a	20236ab	8468ab
2019	N₀	—	9537c	16142c	6605a
	N₁	—	12470ab	19417a	6947a
	N₂	—	13896a	18684b	4788b
	N₃	—	13127ab	18443ab	5316ab
	N₄	—	11377bc	19561a	8183a
	N₅	—	12056ab	20014a	7958a
2020	N₀	1921a	8448b	15557c	7109b
	N₁	1903a	9256ab	19665a	10409a
	N₂	2109a	9692ab	19393a	9701 a
	N₃	2362a	11261a	18642b	7381b
	N₄	1794a	10005ab	19922a	9917a
	N₅	1988a	10535ab	19076ab	8541ab

年份	处理	干物质积累量			齐穗后干物质积累量
年份	处理	分蘖期	齐穗期	成熟期	齐穗后干物质积累量
2018	N₀	913b	8126b	15039c	6913c
	N₁	1414a	12035a	19956ab	7920b
	N₂	1545a	11572a	20586a	9014a
	N₃	1425a	11926a	19654b	7727b
	N₄	1427a	12054a	20234ab	8179ab
	N₅	1124ab	11770a	20236ab	8468ab
2019	N₀	—	9537c	16142c	6605a
	N₁	—	12470ab	19417a	6947a
	N₂	—	13896a	18684b	4788b
	N₃	—	13127ab	18443ab	5316ab
	N₄	—	11377bc	19561a	8183a
	N₅	—	12056ab	20014a	7958a
2020	N₀	1921a	8448b	15557c	7109b
	N₁	1903a	9256ab	19665a	10409a
	N₂	2109a	9692ab	19393a	9701 a
	N₃	2362a	11261a	18642b	7381b
	N₄	1794a	10005ab	19922a	9917a
	N₅	1988a	10535ab	19076ab	8541ab

年份	处理	分蘖期	齐穗期	成熟期
2018	N₀	24.2b	78.8b	115.3b
	N₁	51.4a	136.7a	179.7a
	N₂	46.3a	159.7a	195.0a
	N₃	44.0a	127.1a	173.1a
	N₄	50.6a	144.2a	178.3a
	N₅	38.7ab	139.8a	186.0a
2019	N₀	—	76.7c	125.2c
	N₁	—	171.5a	186.3a
	N₂	—	163.6a	166.5b
	N₃	—	160.3a	165.8b
	N₄	—	131.3b	186.4a
	N₅	—	162.5a	187.6a
2020	N₀	36.5a	77.2c	103.0b
	N₁	35.1a	113.5ab	161.7a
	N₂	43.6a	111.0ab	151.4ab
	N₃	47.5a	140.4a	145.9b
	N₄	39.0a	110.8ab	155.6a
	N₅	43.7a	125.2ab	147.8b