Abstract: Picea mongolica is an endemic species in China. In order to better protect this plant resources, using the orthogonal experimental design method, the seedling emergence rate at the different burial depths, planting density and cover material were researched under field condition. The results showed that: the best combination for tests was that the 10 mm burial depths and 300 per row sowing density with the river sand cover material, and the germination rate of combination was also the highest. In the arid desert region, burial depths and cover material had significant influence on the seedling emergence rate of Picea mongolica, planting density also had some influence in a way.