Abstract: Phosphate is one of the most important elements needed by all of the lives. Meanwhile, it is also one of the least available nutrients in the soil. China is the largest wheat-production country. But about 59% soils in China is phosphate deficient. The yields of the crops are always affected by phosphate starvation. In fact, the total phosphate in soil is not deficient. But the available phosphate by crops is not enough. Under the condition of phosphate starvation, many changes took place in plants to adapt the bad condition. More than 100 genes took apart in the process, including phosphate transporters, RNases and phosphatases and so on. Phosphate transporters were one of the most important families. According to the sequence similarities, phosphate transporters can be divided into Pht1 family and Pht2 family. Phosphate transporters can also be divided into low-affinity phosphate transporters and high-affinity phosphate transporters due to the uptake kinetic properties. Plants can increase their capacity for phosphate uptake during phosphate starvation by synthesis of additional transporter molecules. Although many advances had been achieved in plant’s reaction to phosphate starvation, some fields such as the concrete regulation mechanism of plant’s reaction to Pi deficiency, the Pi transportation across tonoplast are not clear until now.