Current issue

• 2005 Vol.21 No.7 Published:05 July 2005

  目次

  Observed on the characteristics of goat mammary epithelial cells Zheng Yuemao, An Zhixing, Liu Fengjun, Zhang Yong 2005, 21 (7):  1-1.  Abstract + ( 1474 )   PDF ( 621644KB )   ( 580 ) Primary culture of goat mammary gland cells could be achieved by outgrowth of migrating cells from fragment of tissue. Fibroblast and epithelial cells could be purified according to their different sensibility to trypsin. The characteristics of Goat mammary epithelial cells were studied by light microscope. The results were as follows: The purified goat mammary epithelial cells kept normal characteristics until 15th passages. The goat mammary epithelial cells contained different cell type, majority of the cells were short shuttle-like or guboidal, they looked like beehive; part of the cells looked like big round flat cakes; part of the cells were long. The purified Mammary epithelial cells propagated and formed dome-like construction which looked like nipple and it was called milk orb.

  哺乳动物；异种克隆；异种妊娠 Research Progress of Interspecies Cloning in Mammal 2005, 21 (7):  4-4.  Abstract + ( 1194 )   PDF ( 656367KB )   ( 811 ) Interspecies cloning is a new technology with the development of Somatic cell clone technology. It has provides a new model for the basic research of the relation of nuclei and cytoplast and cell differentiation. It also offers to a new method for species improvement and the protection of animal in severe danger. In this article, the author reviewed: The development of interspecies cloning technology, interspecies pregnancy, the problem and methods, and the prospect.

  Effects of Secondary Metabolites of Rhizoctonia Leguminicola on Hepatoma 22 cells were observed by TEM Zhang Li, Yang Mingqi 2005, 21 (7):  7-7.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   PDF ( 629633KB )   ( 1449 ) During the study, we built cancer mold by transplanting Hepatoma 22 cells to rats, and pour the secondary metabolites of Rhizoctonia Leguminicola which have swainsonine into the stomach of the rats, and the doses of swainsonine are 2.7 mg·kg-1·d-1 and 16.2 mg·kg-1·d-1 separately. The pathology changes were observed by TEM. The result shows that the secondary metabolites can inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. Above all, the secondary metabolites of Rhizoctonia Leguminicola have similar function with swainsonine. And they have value as antitumor drugs.

  Effect on Embryo Transfer of Boer Goat by Using the Different Methods Lin Feng, Chen Yuxia, Gao Tengyun, Li Deyuan, Bian Shaoming 2005, 21 (7):  10-10.  Abstract + ( 1525 )   PDF ( 637272KB )   ( 654 ) In order to improve the reproductive ability of Boer goats, two methods were applied to research the synchronous estrus and superovulation of Boer goats. The results showed that the synchronous estrus rate of two methods (PG-FSH method and CIDR-FSH method) were not significant difference (P>0.05). The synchronous rate of Boer goats reached 92.5%; The average number of the yellow bodies on the ovaries of the donors and the collected eggs using CIDR-FSH method were significant difference (P<0.05)from those of PG-FSH method, and the average number of the gained embryos and the transferable embryos using two methods were not significant difference(P>0.05).The superovulated effect of CIDR-FSH method were better than that of PG-FSH method. The results also showed that the number of the transferred embryos were not significant difference(P>0.05)from the pregnancy rate of the recipients，and it was extremely different(P<0.01)from the lambing rate of the recipients. The double-embryo transfer can improve the lambing rate of the recipients.

  胚胎移植；超数排卵；同期发情处理；无角道塞特绵羊 Effect Factors on Embryo Transfer in Poll Dorset Sheep 2005, 21 (7):  13-13.  Abstract + ( 1211 )   PDF ( 725315KB )   ( 583 ) The study confirmed the effect of donor and recipient and embryo stage etc on sheep embryo transfer. (1)Poll Dorset (n=163) sheep were treated by superovulation (SOV), the number of embryos was evaluated in virgin ewes (n=76) and in ewes-once delivery (n=87), respectively. The mean number of embryo and useful embryo recovery was significantly higher in virgin ewes than in ewes-once delivery (5.33,3.91 versus 7.55,6.34, P<0.05). SOV efficiency was not significantly different in the spring and in the fall, and repeated-SOV had no significant effect on embryo recovery (P>0.05). (2) Estrus synchronization (ES) rate of recipient (n=876) was 56.37% and 89.02% in the spring and in the fall, utility ratio of recipient was 84.67 % and 88.77%, respectively. (3) 318 recipient pregnancy and 396 lambs were born from total 545 recipients transferred, recipient pregnancy and lambing rates were 58.35% and 57.47% respectively. Among all recipients, small-tail sheep had the highest pregnancy rate (61.2%), the second of pregnancy rate were tong sheep (54.62%) and Mongolia fine-wool sheep (56.58%), No significant differences were observed in different sort of recipient (P>0.05), the corpora lutea number of recipient had some side-effect on pregnancy and lambing rate (although not significantly). the embryo stage also contributed to pregnancy rate, recipient of blastocyst transferred got the highest pregnancy rate (64.76%), significantly higher than that of early morula (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in lambing rate per embryo from the morula stage to blastocyst (P>0.05).

  Preliminary Report on the Study of Smoky Disinfectant Canxun’an for Silkworm Wang Jianfang, Xiao Naikang, Li Hong, Huang Jinshan, Qian Yonghua 2005, 21 (7):  17-17.  Abstract + ( 1432 )   PDF ( 649306KB )   ( 603 ) The new smoky disinfectant Canxun’an (CXA) had been researched and made up with the high-Chloric agent. In order to make sure its disinfect effect and safety for silkworm, the experiment of silkworm pathogen disinfected by CXA with two ways, the toxicity and safety test were carried out. The result showed that a certain dosage of CXA burned and airproofed a certain period of time can make most of the pathogen of silkworm usually meeting inactivate completely; and it have no side-effect to silkworm to disinfect with smoking of CXA.

  Studies Ongrowth-promoting Mechanismof Betaine in Meat Ducks Chen zhengdong 2005, 21 (7):  20-20.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 744588KB )   ( 1142 ) A total of 864 day-old female meat ducks were fed one of six diets in a 2 (0 and 0.5 g betaine/kg)×3 (0, 0.6, 1.2 g methionine/kg) factorial arrangement between 0 and 41 days of age. There were six replicates of 24 ducks per treatment.The results of rearing trial showed that there were no significant interactions between betaine and DL-methionine.betaine is more effective in improving carcass quality than methionine, and also effective in promoting growth and feed efficiency of starter ducks, provided the dietary levels of methionine are not marginally limiting. The results implied that the betaine can enchance synthesis of carnitine by improving methylation metabolism and stimulate the B-oxidation of long chain fatty acids in the inner mitochondria membrane of muscle cells.

  Preliminary Research on in vitro Culture of Cotyledon from Yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. Cheng Lihua, Yin Jiaming, Lin Na, Zhou Qingyuan, Tang Zhanglin, Li Jiana 2005, 21 (7):  31-31.  Abstract + ( 1596 )   PDF ( 549195KB )   ( 593 ) The cotyledon with petiole, 1/4 piece of cotyledonary laminae, 1/8 piece of cotyledonary laminae and segment of cotyledonary petiole from 7, 10 and 13 days old aseptic seedling of the yellow-seeded Brassica napus L. double haploid line 04K91 were cultured in vitro. The effect of seedling age and explant type on shoot regeneration frequency was explored. The ana1ysis of variance showed that seedling age had significant influence, explant type had greatly significant influence，and that seedling age×explant type had no remarkable effect on shoot regeneration frequency. Multiple comparisons suggested that cotyledon with petiole or 1/4 piece of cotyledonary laminae from 7 days old aseptic seedling had much higher shoot regeneration frequency, reaching to over 90% .

  The Tissue Culture Studies of Mozzie buster Li Weiming, Lin Wei, Li Qiqin, Tao Jing, Lan Taoju 2005, 21 (7):  33-33.  Abstract + ( 1213 )   The tissue culture and rapid propagation of Mozzie buster were studied by using tips and leaves as explants.The results showed that: The optimum disinfect time for the explants with Hgcl2 was 5~7 min.The explants cultured on MS+6-BA0.5mg/L+IAA0.1mg/L+NAA0.3mg/L ,and MS+6-BA 0.25mg/L+IAA0.5mg/L, and MS+6-BA0.05mg/L+NAA0.5mg/L+IBA0.5 mg/L were suitable for inducing buds,prolifetating buds and rooting of microshoots,respectively.

  Recent Advances in Study on Plant Sucrose Synthase Lu He-quan Shen Fa-fu Liu Ling-xiao Sun Wei-fang 2005, 21 (7):  34-34.  Abstract + ( 1432 )   PDF ( 757976KB )   ( 2092 ) Sucrose Synthase(SuSy) plays an important role in plant growth and development. Photosynthates transported into storage tissues are mainly in the form of sucrose in higher plants, but Sucrose Synthase is an exclusive necessary enzyme in the pathway of sucrose metabolism. In this article, the physiological functions, gene expression and regulation, gene cloning and transgenic plants of sucrose synthase were introduced. The further research was also discussed.

  Critical Technique Problems on Improving Anther Culture Efficiency of Cold Region Rice Guan Shiwu 2005, 21 (7):  38-38.  Abstract + ( 1269 )   Some critical technique problems are discussed in this paper, which deserve specially attention in our specific practice so as to enable this technique to better applied to breeding purpose, and to improve efficiency. ① Based on extrapolated organ shape criteria，we select ears that are in uninucleate period，carry out pretreatment in a 6~8℃ low-temperature condition for about 12 days, and callus induction rate can be enhanced in this way. ② 1~2mm diameter should be the appropriate size for translocated callus，and plants grow to 4cm breeding for mature plants should be conducted in a timely manner. ③ Get well down with sterilization，reduce contamination and strengthen greenhouse management，etc.

  The Effect of Cha Genesis on the Growth and Development of Wheat Xu Haixia, Cheng Xiyong, Lu Debin, Zhan Kehui, Chen Junying, Dong Zhongdong, Jiang Hongxun 2005, 21 (7):  43-43.  Abstract + ( 1575 )   In order to evaluate the side effect of GENESIS, the effect of chemical hybridization agent (CHA) GENESIS on the agronomic traits, the chlorophyll content of the second leaf counted from the top and the pistil fertility in wheat were studied. The results indicated that: The growth and development of wheat were suppressed and the heading and flowering date were delayed by 1~2 days when treated with GENESIS. Plant height was shortened in some degree, which was mainly due to the reduction of the first internode length counted from the top, but there was no significant difference among 3 spraying dosages. The chlorophyll content of the second leaf counted from the top decreased as the dosages increased. The decolored leaves were recovered in some degree, however, the degree of foliar injury was becoming serious and the less possibility to recovery as the dosage being increased and the spraying period being delayed. GENESIS has little effect to the pistil fertility.

  Discussion of a Method Which can Speedily Test the Promoter Which Regulates the Gene Expression Activity Bai Bin, Zhang Jinwen Guo zhihong 2005, 21 (7):  47-47.  Abstract + ( 1767 )   Promoter activity detection is the significant component of the genetic engineering. The research utilizes the gene of green fluorescence protein (GFP ) as reporting gene, and detects the rd29A promoter which regulates gene expression activities among recipient cell. By particle bombardment to transform the epidermis cells of onion, it observes the gene expression of gfp under the fluorescence microscope after culturing 24h, determining the intensity of fluorescence after gfp is expressed under different culturing conditions so as to diagnose its intensity and achieve the quantization purpose. The method is simple, timesaving and dependable, thus it can be used as a kind of effective measuring in detection of promoter activity.

  Study Progress in Tissue and Cell Culture of Dioscorea Zingiberensis Wu Jingzhi, Guo Huachun 2005, 21 (7):  50-50.  Abstract + ( 1369 )   Dioscorea Zingiberensis is a kind of very important cash crop,can make edibility, medicine use with the industry raw material. This paper reviews briefly the research of Dioscorea Zingiberensis’s tissue and cell culture, callus induction and culture , and points out Dioscorea Zingiberensis’ tissue culture with development foreground( accelerate the good cultivation species breeds, for produce the meaningful mutation with improves to establish the good choice procedure) and its existent problems ( to the further research in stability in heredity of the reborn plant).

  Study on Genetic Diversity Identification by RAPD Makers and Classification in Euonymus fortunei Pan Qinghua, Lu Renqiang, Zhang Kaichun 2005, 21 (7):  53-53.  Abstract + ( 1258 )   56 Euonymus fortunei clones ,3 Euonymusclones and 1 Euonymus clone were analyzed with RAPD. Using 35 arbitrary primers, we scored a total of 205 stable, clear and repeatable DNA fragments. Using 32 of these primers we scored 100 polymorphic bands. The average polymorphism rate was 48.78%. Different primer and different location revealed significantly genetic difference. The range of genetic diversity index (GDI) was from 0.0331 to 0.8904.Through the RAPD bands revealed by primer L04 and U12 and the cluster analysis of genetic distance we can obviously differentiate Euonymus fortunei and Euonymus, defoliate, not defoliate and partly defoliate type of Euonymus fortunei in winter, the breed collected from our country and the 3 breeds introduced from Czechic and America . Cluster analysis can also differentiate the Euonymus fortunei resources collected from southeast littoral and other areas of our country.

  Isolation and Screening on Straw Cellulose-Decomposing Microorganisms Hao Yue, Yang Xianghua, Zhang Jing, Zhou Dongkai, Jin Xianzi 2005, 21 (7):  58-58.  Abstract + ( 1812 )   It is a development direction of present feed industry to produce fermented feed with cellulose-decomposing microorganisms ,which can hydrolyze cellulose into monosaccharides In this trial,12 strains of fungi for decomposing cellulose were chosen from soil and feed. On the basis of these strains, 6 suitable strains were obtained through the experiments of decomposition of filter paper, determinations of CMC enzyme activity, FPA enzyme activity and natural cellulase activity. The experimental results showed that the enzyme activity varied with the content of natural cellulose in the culture medium.

  Analysis on the Inheritance of Clustered Spikelets in Rice Resource Z1820 Zhang Yi，Shen Fucheng，Xie Rong，Zhong Bingqiang，Yang Zhenglin，Tan Zijun，He Guanghua 2005, 21 (7):  64-64.  Abstract + ( 1324 )   Z1820 is a rice resource of clustered spikelets but Jinxiang1A, Jin2A, and Jin4A are normal. Three F1 combinations and 3 F2 generations of normal/clustered were obtained in crosses of Jinxiang1A/Z1820, Jin2A /Z1820 and Jin4A /Z1820. And three backcrosses were produced by using Jinxiang1A, Jin2A, and Jin4A as recurrent female parents. The main results showed: all F1 combinations performance a middle degree of clustering character and F2, BF1 generations represent segregation in clustering degree; the character of clustered spikelets in Z1820 is controlled by a part-dominance gene but a genetic factor in Jin4A can affect the expression of clustering. Clustered ratio was proposed firstly to characterizing clustering degree.

  Genetic Markers and Their Application in Gardening Plants′ Studies Chen Dongming, 2005, 21 (7):  66-66.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   The evolutive status of morphological markers, cytological markers, biochemical markers and DNA molecular markers were summarized in the article. This paper mainly introduce DNA fingerprint techniques such as restriction fragment length polymorphism, random amplified polymophismic DNA, simple sequence repeats, amplified fragment length polymorphism, single nucleotide polymorphism and so on. This paper also studies the application of the classification and indentification of these techniques, the analysis and detection of the cultivars’ purity and the relationship among the cultivars on garden plants.

  The Optimization of Medium of the Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Gynostemma pentaphyllum Wu Feng, Gao Wen 2005, 21 (7):  70-70.  Abstract + ( 1347 )   The differentiating medium for leaf and bush buds was screened, using MS Medium with different concentrations of 6-BA and NAA as the basic medium and the shoot tip of Gynostemma pentaphyllum as explant.

  The Situation and Tactics of the Utilization of Tenebrio molitor’s Production in China Wu Fuzhong, Lin Huafeng, Liu Zhihong, Hu Cui 2005, 21 (7):  72-72.  Abstract + ( 1516 )   This paper describes and summaries the general situation of utilization of Tenebrio molitor’s production, especially the new research about it’s antibacterial peptides. We make classified discussions, according to different utilization modes. Based on it’s general situation of utilization, we suggest some tactics for future research and development.

  Advances in Ultra-dry Seed Storage Research Li Xin, Wang Qian 2005, 21 (7):  73-73.  Abstract + ( 1358 )   Ultra-dry seed storage is a new seed storage method. Ultra-drying is benefit to keep the stability of the structure and function of the membrane system, and is help to keep the integrity of the genetic substances and the ultra-structure of the cells, the activity of the scavenging free radical system is higher , the free radical level is lower, the lipid peroxidation was restrained, so improved the ultra-dried seeds storability . The optimum seed water content is affect by many factors, such as the synthesis and accumulation of protein, fat, carbohydrate and the storage temperature also. The effects of different ultra-dried seeds are different , and the best ultra-drying methods are different also.

  Callus Tissue Culture in Dioscorea nipponica Mak Zhang Shuxin, Zhou Luying, Yu Yuanjie, Han Jiwu 2005, 21 (7):  77-77.  Abstract + ( 1285 )   The callus culture on Dioscorea nipponica(leafstalk, stem, leaf, stem tip) was conducted. The results show that the calli induced from different parts have capability to produce Diosgenin which is the secondary metabolism. The stem tip is better than other parts in callus growth and Diosgenin content is influenced by some culture conditions, such as media, PH, temperature and hormone. The optimum cultural conditions on callus culture is incubated in medium with modified medium and 2,4-D(3.0~5.0mg/L) and BA(1.0mg/L),which enables the content of Diosgenin highly and the callus growth quickly.

  Selection of Caespitose Shoots of Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni using Orthogonal Experimental Design He Fuxia, Yu Jing, Li Mangxue, Hao Zaibin Cang Jing 2005, 21 (7):  79-79.  Abstract + ( 1383 )   Studies on the effect of plant hormones including 6-BA、NAA、and sucrose、CH on inducing Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni’s Poly shoots using orthogonal experimental design. The results showed that the most important factor affecting on inducing caespitose shoots is sucrose, next is 6-BA、NAA, the lest one is CH. The best medium inducing poly shoots is MS+6-BA 1mg/L+ Agar6g/L+Sucrose30g/L. The developed medium is MS+6-BA 0.5mg/L+NAA0.05mg/L +Agar6g/L+Sucrose30g/L.The root shoots medium is 1/4MS+IBA 0.1mg/L+Agar6g/L +Sucrose 30g/L+active carbon1g/L, the rate of shooting root reach 100%. Now we have obtained many regeneration plantlets.

  The Review of the Development of Researches on Expansin Gao ying, Wang Xuechen 2005, 21 (7):  82-82.  Abstract + ( 2295 )   Expansins are cell wall proteins that induce pH dependent wall extension and stress relaxation by weakening the non-covalent interactions. It has been realized that expansins belong to two protein families, the alpha-and beta-expansins, Expansin proteins have so far been identified in most plants and most expansin genes have been cloned.The research shows that every expansin expresses in high special location and high special cell And the expression of every expansin is regulated strictly in development time and space and is regulated positivly by hormone and environments factors. It has been proposed that expansins have rather diverse effects throughout the whole developmental process. Besides playing an apparently key role in wall expansion, expansins have been implicated in an increasing number of processes including cell enlargement, seed germination, root hair formation, root growth, leaf primordium initiation,leaf growth, softening of fruits, fruit abscission and growth of the pollen tube of grasses through the stigma and the style. In this article, we expatiate the research proceeding on expansin all-roundly.

  Phylogenetic Analysis of Grapevine Cultivar ‘Cabernet Gernischet’ by RAPD Song Laiqing, Yin Kelin, Zhai Heng, Zhao Lingling, Yao Yuxin 2005, 21 (7):  87-87.  Abstract + ( 1673 )   The genetic relationships of 4 Wine Grape cultivars and 11 table grape cultivars were analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). 16 primers were screened from 30 arbitrary primers, and a total of 134 DNA bands were amplified, among which 99 (73.9%) were polymorphic. Based on the RAPD data, genetic distances among the cultivars were calculated and a dendrogram was reconstructed through UPGMA’s method. The results showed that the genetic distances between Red globe,Ribier and other 13 cultivars were important, however those among Kyoho (Vitis vinifera X V. labrusca) grapevine series were smaller. Cabernet Gernischet was different from other 3 wine grape cultivars in genetic lever. But it was very close to Cabernet franc.

  Scientific Values of Research and Development for Wild Vegetable Xu Liangzheng, Liao Fulin, Lai wangnian 2005, 21 (7):  98-98.  Abstract + ( 1274 )   The authors give a brief account on key problems at research and development for wild vegetable in China nowadays. In this paper, the purpose and prospect of basic research on wild vegetable were especialy discussed, it is showed that there are many scientific values on research and development for wild vegetable in genetics and breeding, plant physiology, ethnobotany, culture of plant, nutriology, medicine，ecology and phytogeography etc.

  A Promising Secondary Metabolite—Resveratrol Yu Jing, Ren Zhaoyang, Cang Jing 2005, 21 (7):  104-104.  Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 806582KB )   ( 1066 ) Abstract: In this article, the finding、chemical structure、physical properties、the methods of extraction of resveratrol and effecting mechanism are reviewed. Structures of resvertrol include the cis- and trans- geometries, and the trans- geometry is the stable structure. The methods of extraction include percolation and heating flow back .The methods of purification include ODS column、TCL method and piceid in polygonum cuspidatum sieb﹒et﹒zicc. The methods of analysis include high performance liquid chromatography and solid-phase microextraction(SPME). Researches of resveratrol on pharonacologic fuinetion indicated that it can prevent human cancer、the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and thrombus, and it can prevent alzheimer disease. it also has the modulatory function in immune system. So its extensive application prospect caused attention in many ways.

  Analysis of Volatile Components from Xinyang MaoJian Tea by GC/MS Huo Quangong, Yang Jing, Liu Zhongdong, Chen Zhaotan 2005, 21 (7):  108-108.  Abstract + ( 1693 )   PDF ( 630209KB )   ( 944 ) By extracting the volatile components of Xinyang MaoJian tea with the method of SDE (Simultaneous Distillation and Extraction), analyzing the extracted tea oil by two different polar capillary columns SE-54 and BPX70 with GC-MS. It is found out that the effect of the semi polar capillary column SE-54 is better than high polar column BPX70. With SE-54, 45 aroma constituents of spring tea and 63 aroma constituents of summer tea were analyzed and identified. By comparing the difference between the spring tea and summer tea aroma constituents, it is found out that the aroma quality of the spring tea is much better than that of the summer tea.

  The performent of Lodging and Developing a Standard Test for Lodging Resistance in Crops Tian Baoming, ,Yang Guangsheng 2005, 21 (7):  111-111.  Abstract + ( 1813 )   PDF ( 822673KB )   ( 772 ) Lodging occurs when plants do not stand upright, leading to yield loss when the combine fails to harvest the grain from the lodged plants. Lodging in crops is a complex problem because it is influenced by a large number of environmental factors and there are several different types of lodging.? Plant height, straw strength and level of fertility influence lodging. Typically, shorter varieties are more resistant to lodging, but strength of the straw allows many taller varieties to stand well.Lodging tends to be more severe at high nitrogen levels. It was necessary to collect quantitative information on the plant morphology and genetic studied. The aim of this work was to introduce the progress on how to identify specific and easily measurable plant traits that contribute to lodging resistance and that may permit the evaluation of individual plants grown under conditions not necessarily conducive to lodging.

  Study on Basic Characteristics of Modern Agriculture in China Cao Linkui, Gao Feng 2005, 21 (7):  115-115.  Abstract + ( 2128 )   PDF ( 883575KB )   ( 794 ) Modern agriculture is a knowledge agricultural industry, which is produced under the high scientific and technological means such as biology technology and information technology in agriculture. There are three types of modern agriculture in China, which are rural area agriculture, outskirts agriculture and urban agriculture, according to the differential region and social economic circumstance. The following show its main basic characteristics: perfect market system in agriculture industry structure, aggregative and contracted pattern of agriculture production, industrialization of agriculture management form, highly intellectual faculties of agriculture production technology, information management of agriculture production, and so on.

  Progress of Apomixis in Chinese Rice Chen Qiufang, Huang Qunce 2005, 21 (7):  120-120.  Abstract + ( 1418 )   It is difficulty to select and breed apomictic germplasm among diploid rices at present, but it has become a hotspot to select and breed apomictic germplasm among polyploid rices. Researchers have propounded the main target of rice apomixis. It is dominant and simplicity, specificity and spontaneity, facultative and lethal, polyploidy and hybridity.

  The Investigation on Soil Fertility of Platycladus Orientalis Plantations on Horizontal Area of Steep Slope on Loess PlateauL Dong Jianhui, Xue Quanhong 2005, 21 (7):  123-123.  Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 657992KB )   ( 594 ) It was investigated that Platycladus orientalis plantations soil fertility changing of the horizontal zone of steep slope on Loess Plateau. The results indicated that : in the 80㎝ soil matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen, available potassium and the cation exchange capacity were enhanced by 141.0%,18.8%,20.9% and 48.0%, respectively, and pH decreased by 4.7%. In the soil horizon of 0~40㎝ and 41~80㎝, calcium carbonate decreased by 6.3%~16.8% and enhanced by 11.6%~24.0%, respectively too.

  Effects of Weak Magnetizing Treatment on Seed Vigor in Maize Zhi Hui, Dlao Xianmin, Li Shunguo, Wang Yongfang, Li Wei 2005, 21 (7):  130-130.  Abstract + ( 1464 )   PDF ( 760157KB )   ( 596 ) Effects of weak magnetizing treatment on seed vigor in Maize were studied. The methods adopted were that the seeds with different vigor levels were treated for 6~10 days by 50HZ magnetic field. The results showed that the weak magnetizing treatment had significant and constant positive effects on seed vigor comparing with control. The ranges of the biggest increasing rate of the vigor index among the seeds of different vigor levels were 21.9%~122.9% for weight of fresh bud, 55.7%~102.5% for weight of fresh root, 29.7%~65.7% for weight of dry bud, 51.4%~93.0% for weight of dry root, and -10.87%~21% for seed conductance rate。The correlation between vigor index of root dry weight and yield were significant at 0.01 level of probability. The yield can be forecasted by calculation with equation Y=1.0922x+229.5562. The best magnetizing treatment time was 10 days for higher vigor seeds, 8~10 days for the middle and lower. The differences between strong and weak magnetizing treatment was also discussed in this paper.

  Effects of Different Seeding Quantity on Rice Growing and Yield Sun Tao, Shang Wennan, Cao Haifeng, Zhang Junbao, Jin Xueyong 2005, 21 (7):  134-134.  Abstract + ( 1247 )   PDF ( 818633KB )   ( 768 ) we designed different treatments of different seeding density(seeding quantity) to study the yield component and the state of growing with the variety Longjing9 under the same fertilizer conditions .In the experiment, we measured the quality of seedlings, dynamic leaf area of post transplanting, and dry matter of plant from sowing seeds to harvest . The Result is as follows: specified leaf weight, dry matter of plant, and dry and fresh weigh of panicle would descend accompanying to the increasing of amount of sowing; the panicle number per m2of yield component: 3seeds＞2seeds＞1 seed; seed number per panicle: 1 seed＞2seeds＞3seeds; the percentage of ripe grain and 1000grain weight would decline with the increasing of grain number. In all, reducing the seeding quantities is a valid way to enhance the yield of rice.

  Breeding Method of New variety Shaan 512 with High-yield、Multi-anti、Medium-strong Gluten Wang Rui, Tian Fazhan, Liu Shengfang , Wang Hong 2005, 21 (7):  138-138.  Abstract + ( 1968 )   PDF ( 719172KB )   ( 671 ) New variety Shaan 512 , released by College of Agronomy,Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry in 2001 from the cross of Shaanmai 150 Ms2(♀) and Shaan 354 (♂) in 1997 field and through breeding method of recurrent selection and pedigree, examined and approved by crop approve committee Of Shaanxi Province in Sept. 2004, Since its well growing ,high yield, large kernel, high appearing commodity , medium-strong gluten, palatable property, high pathological resistance, high tolerance to hot drought and spike-spout, was chosen as unified provision variety to farmers by many seed companies, spread widely and rapidly ,It shows recurrent selection is useful method to solve coordination among yield components and yield、quality、resistances on higher level

  Effect of Sunlight Environment of Row Direction in RicePopulations with Different Panicle Types Shi Chunling, Xu Zhengjin, Xu Hai, Zhang Qi 2005, 21 (7):  141-141.  Abstract + ( 1151 )   PDF ( 561274KB )   ( 548 ) Studied the effection of different row direction on population light distribution in different panicle types, it showed that, the population could receive more light in SN direction than that in WE direction of both erect panicle and curve panicle type rice. No matter S-N or WE direction, solar intensity at different height of erect panicle was bigger than that of curve panicle type rice. The reflection intensity above rice canopies of erect panicle was weaker than that of curve panicle type rice. Both erect panicle and curve panicle type rice were suit planted in S-N direction.

  Study on Differents in Quality Traits of the High-Quality Wheat in Different Soil Types Wang Hao,, Li Zengjia, Ma Yanming., Zao Chun, Liu Zhiyong, Ning Tangyuan, Jiao Nianyuan 2005, 21 (7):  143-143.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   PDF ( 553760KB )   ( 677 ) Differents on quality traits of the high-quality wheat in different soil types were studied on the condition of 10 high-quality wheat varieties with different genotypes grown in 5 soil types ( include 11 test sites ). The results shown that high different on quality traits of the high-quality wheat in different soil types, but the CV of traits in different soil types was varied.Protein content was fluvo-aquic soil>brown soil>aquent>sandy black soil>cinnamon,wet gluten content and sedimentation value were fluvo-aquic soil>brown soil>standy black soil>aquent>cinnamon, their CV were 5.80%, 5.96% and 12.06%, respectively; while volume weight, hardness, development time, break time, mechanical tolerance index and valorimeter value indicated that standy black soil was the best, the next were cinnamon soil and brown soil, fluvo-aquic soil was the lowest, the CV of volume weight and hardness were small, 1.27% and 6.38%; the CV of farinograph parameters were large, 10.08%,14.62%, 16.90% and 13.30%, respectively.

  Dynamic Relation of Planting Density and Agronomic Traitsin Supersweet Corn Cultivar YUETIAN NO.3 Li Yuliang, Fang Zhiwei, Hu Jianguang, Yang Li, Liu Jianhua 2005, 21 (7):  145-145.  Abstract + ( 1295 )   PDF ( 585234KB )   ( 550 ) Dynamic relation of planting density and agronomic traits in supersweet corn cultivar YUETIAN NO.3 was studied. The results showed that, the commodity traits of fresh ear could be concordant with yield, and a higher benefit was obtained in most suitable density 48000 plants/hm2. Too high or too low of density could affected the commodity traits of fresh ear, yield and benefit.

  The Breeding and the Characters of New Early-maturing Maize variety Shandan 972 Mao Jianchang, Yang Jinhui, Li Famin, Wen Zhenmin 2005, 21 (7):  147-147.  Abstract + ( 1600 )   PDF ( 579946KB )   ( 616 ) Maize variety shandan 972 was bred by institute of maize，northwest A&F university. Its parents were inbred line K22 and Jing75, which K22 was bred by Northwest A&F University but Jing75 is introduced from other province. It was one new semi-compacted plant type variety，its growing-period was short，and it was better quality、better stress tolerance、high stable yield、wide adaptability and high seed yield. It was suit in Shaanxi summer sowing region, in early-mature spring sowing region about the Great Wall, in the valley of QinLing and suit in the region of two-mature in one year. It was popular with farmers.

  Breeding and Application of Rice Variety Longjing12 with Large Grain and High Quality Wang Ruiying 2005, 21 (7):  149-149.  Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 568762KB )   ( 649 ) Longjing12 was bred by rice research institute of Heilongjiang academy of agricultural sciences. It was a new rice variety that was large grain, early maturity, good quality , high yield and good resistance to diseases. Longjing12 was approved by the Heilongjiang Crop Variety Examination Committee in 2003, and the cultivated area reached 0.07 million hectare in 2004. The result showed that longjing12 was a good rice variety and a large grain germplasm with high quality.

  Application and Prospects of New Bred Dry-land Wheat Variety Chang 6878 Li Yanhua, Sun Meirong, Zhang Junling, Shen Shuzhen, Wang Jiezhi 2005, 21 (7):  151-151.  Abstract + ( 1473 )   PDF ( 699168KB )   ( 549 ) Chang 6878 was certificated by China and Shanxi province of wheat variety certification committee. It has been filed an application about variety protection for agricultural plant. In different region test, chang 6878,s yield grew 15.66%~29.58% and 15.1%~17.7%, in contrast with the check variety Xifeng 20 and Jinmai 53.Its prominent trait is high and stable yield, high hardiness, appropriate degree 77.8%~100%。By trial and demonstration in the different area field, comparing average yield with local popular variety, increased degree attained significant at 5% and 1% level, It will have wide applied prospect in the winter wheat region of dry field northern china demonstrating and popularizing.

  Study on Ecological Adaptability for Zhengdan 21 with High Yield and High Starch Corn Variety Liu Wencheng 2005, 21 (7):  154-154.  Abstract + ( 1193 )   PDF ( 648818KB )   ( 613 ) The influence of different ecological condition on growth and yield of corn variety Zhengdan 21 was studied through sowing-date experiment at Ayang city. The yield, ear row number, and row grain number dropped, the growing process quickened , the maximum leaf area index and dry matter accumulation declined, along with the postponement of summer sowing, The ecological adaptability for high yield of Zhengdan 21 was that whole growing accumulated temperature was 2596.2~2764.5℃ and whole growing daily mean temperature was 23.2~24.0℃, whole growing accumulated sunshine hour was 514.9~603.2h and whole growing daily mean sunshine hour was 4.6~5.3h.

  The Key Technologies and the Mechanism of Rice High-Yielding Cultivation Technology in Large Area in jiangsu Province Wu Wenge 2005, 21 (7):  157-157.  Abstract + ( 1180 )   PDF ( 938499KB )   ( 731 ) The author was in the capacity of on-job doctorate, participated the project of “The High-Yield and High-Efficiency Technology of Single-season Rice Integration rated and Demonstration in Jiangsu Province”, which was a national grain high yield science and technology project .Some investigation and research have been conducted on the high-yielding fields with yield over 10500kg/ hm2, and reasons of high yield have been analyzed and the experiences have been summarized. There were lots of useful experiences for reference such as: technical lines, cultivation, hinge techniques and the guideline of popularize improved varieties etc. The high - yielding cultivation techniques for late maturing medium japonica rice , raising strong seedlings, widen rows, reducing transplant seedlings and seedlings and disposing population density rationally; adopting” promoting-controlling-promoting” high-efficiency water and fertilizer management, regulating irrigation properly; controlling application of nitrogen fertilizers, increasing application of phosphate and potash fertilizer, reducing the proportion of base fertilizer and tillering fertilizers, increasing earing and grain-filling fertilizers, practicing integrated control of diseases, pests and weeds by chemical and agronomic methods. hinge technique for population quality culture is cultivating sound seedlings, expanding row ledge, reducing seedlings, controlling water and regulating fertilizer rate. Last, and put forward proposals about the rice production for Anhui province and the same area.

  Optimization of High-yield Cultural Practice under the System of Rice Intensification Yu Aiying, Wu Zengqi, Lin Xianqing, Zhu Pinggui, Zhou Naiti, Chen Donglian, Shen Yiming 2005, 21 (7):  162-162.  Abstract + ( 1736 )   PDF ( 404990KB )   ( 805 ) The optimization of high-yield cultural practices under the system of rice (Oryza sativa L.) intensification was carried out in farmer’s field at Xianju in Zhejiang, used a super hybrid rice (Liangyoupeijiu) as material on orthogonal design (three factors and three levels) in the experiment. The results indicated the effects of major cultural practices of transplanting seedling, transplanting density, chemical N fertilizer input on the grain yield and its components significantly. The optimization of high-yield cultural practice under the system of rice intensification was: seedling of 15d from sowing date to transplant, transplanting density of 150000 hills/hm2, and total N application of 150kg/hm2 under basic fertilizer of 30000kg/hm2 green manure.

  The Appliance of Theory of Precipitantion-regulating in the Sowing Time of Plastic-Film Corn in Dry Farming Wu Ruixiang, Lu Cuiling, Lü Yonglai, Huo Xiuping, Cai Yinghua, Wu Xiuyan, Wu Jingzhi, Qu Xiaobo, Hu Yuzhen 2005, 21 (7):  165-165.  Abstract + ( 1308 )   PDF ( 672188KB )   ( 709 ) Corn is the crop, which needs much water. The critical stage of moisture metabolism is within 30 days beginning with 8-10 days before blooming. The main obstacle factor in arid and semi-arid area is “dry and lack of water ”. The natural rainfall boom takes place in time of 30 days between Slight Heat and Beginning of Autumn and the moisture supply after corn’s jointing only depends on natural rainfall. Therefore, to determine the optimum sowing time of corn in arid and semi-arid areas, the factor of rainfall boom should be considered as the key to the question, that is, the theory of precipitation-regulating should be applied.

  Studies on the Characteristics of Seed-stem Germination of Different Cassava Varieties Xie Hexia, Luo Xinglu, PanYinghua, Cen Zhongyong, Qiu Guogui 2005, 21 (7):  170-170.  Abstract + ( 1646 )   The characteristics of seed-stem germination of different cassava varieties (ZM8316, SC201, FuXuan01, SC124, XinXuan048 and XinXuan056)were sdudied in this experiment. The result showed that not only the seed-stem germination of XinXuan048 and ZM8316 was earliest but also the germination rate highest,the rooting power strongest ,the growth of seedlings rapidest and the chlorophyll content of seedlings leaf highest .The second was FuXuan01 , XinXuan056 and SC124.and the third was SC201.

  Fertile Culture Technical Research in New Variety of Yuanza 9102 Luo Zhongwei, Zhen Zhigao, Duan Ying, Wang Xiaolin, Zhao Xiaohuan 2005, 21 (7):  173-173.  Abstract + ( 1987 )   PDF ( 441463KB )   ( 683 ) Design 5 all sorts of plant density and 4 competence of applying fertilizer, carrying on fertile culture technical research to the new variety of the peanut of Yuanza 9102 . The showed that different density, applying fertilizer level to yield and LAI of Yuanza 9102 influence differently. Density of sowing on it Yuanza 9102 suitable as 18000 plant/ha, applying fertilizer suitable as 187.5kg/hm2 of Linsuanerqingan .

  The Response of the Character on Spike Differentiation to Mass Selection in Tropical Maize Population Mobai 962 Li Xiangtuo, Zhang Xinghua, Li Famin, Yang Jinhui, Mao Jianchang 2005, 21 (7):  179-179.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 550045KB )   ( 494 ) To understand the selection-response of the characters on spike differentiation among different generations by mass selection under temperate, in Guanzhong Plain, Shaanxi province, tropical maize population Mobai 962 was used. The result are as follows: Internal of differentiation phase I, IV and V during tassel development, there is no significantly difference among different generations C0, C2 and C4; there are significant difference at phase II and III between generation C0 and C4. There are significant differences at ear differentiation phase I and II among generations C4 and C0, C2. There are no significant difference about the internal of tassel and ear at the same differentiation phase.

  Studies on different high-yield maize varieties with drought resistance Zheng Zhongyang,Liao Jingrong,Zhang Weixing, Zhao Zhi,Bai Guangxiao, Fu Fangjing 2005, 21 (7):  185-185.  Abstract + ( 1289 )   PDF ( 735109KB )   ( 549 ) We analyzed and evaluated the drought resistance of several hybrid maize materials by method of subordinate function values. We compared their fertility by field test. The result showed that 411×18599、苏11×449、79-1E×S7913、交51×411、5311×449、5311×S1-1、18599×1125、交51×5311、411×S1-1、 S1-1×449和79-1E×449 all had an field average 8090.70 kg/hm2 and drought resistance above level Ⅲ. They can be all extended as high-yield material with drought resistance.

  Effect of Plant Density and Phosphorus Application Rate On Yield of Vegetable Soybean Zhang Caiying, Chang Wensuo, Li Xihuan, Duan Huijun, Li Zhiguo 2005, 21 (7):  190-190.  Abstract + ( 1737 )   PDF ( 563667KB )   ( 735 ) A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant density and phosphorus application rate on yield of vegetable soybean variety, Lu75. The result showed that branches per plant, pods per branch, pods of main stem, pods per plant, seed weight per plant, seed number per plant and plot yield could be increased with the treatment of 270kg of phosphorus application rate per hectare. Whereas the density treatment of 450 000 plants per hectare could result in the increase of pods per plant, but decrease of 100-seed weight. It was showed that branches per plant and pods per branch, seed wight per plant and seed number per plant could be augmented with the factor interaction of 270kg phosphorus application rate and 450 000 plants per hectare. Increasing phosphorus application rate could effectively improve pods of main stem and pods per plant as density was 225 000-450 000. Phosphorus application could make pods of main stem and pods per plant increased. When phosphorus use was the same in amount, the yield could be increased with the density increasing.

  Research on relationship between the pod development of dryland peanut and fertilizer application LI Junqing, Shen Hua, Peng Jinhai, Chen Xiangyan, Wang Guixiang 2005, 21 (7):  193-193.  Abstract + ( 1517 )   PDF ( 444151KB )   ( 656 ) The study focused on pod development of dryland peanut by different treatments of fertilizer application.The results showed that pod weight and pod volume increasing could be characterized as a “slow-rapid-slow”rhythm.It’s cumulative dynamics was simulated by a Logistic eguation.The growth rate of pod weight had a peak of 0.3791~0.5947g/plant·d at 43~48day after emergence,and the peak(0.8487~1.6684cm3/plant·d)of growth rate of pod volume occurred at 36~39day after emergence, the rapid growth period was 20~30days.Date of peak growth rate of pod weight and pod volume had a changing process from earlier to later with an increase of the amount of fertilizer application.

  Advances in research on plants’ reactions under phosphate starvation Chang ShengHe, Shu HaiYan, Qin GuangYong, Wu YuPing, Zhao HaiZhen 2005, 21 (7):  199-199.  Abstract + ( 1204 )   PDF ( 722486KB )   ( 863 ) Phosphate is one of the most important elements needed by all of the lives. Meanwhile, it is also one of the least available nutrients in the soil. China is the largest wheat-production country. But about 59% soils in China is phosphate deficient. The yields of the crops are always affected by phosphate starvation. In fact, the total phosphate in soil is not deficient. But the available phosphate by crops is not enough. Under the condition of phosphate starvation, many changes took place in plants to adapt the bad condition. More than 100 genes took apart in the process, including phosphate transporters, RNases and phosphatases and so on. Phosphate transporters were one of the most important families. According to the sequence similarities, phosphate transporters can be divided into Pht1 family and Pht2 family. Phosphate transporters can also be divided into low-affinity phosphate transporters and high-affinity phosphate transporters due to the uptake kinetic properties. Plants can increase their capacity for phosphate uptake during phosphate starvation by synthesis of additional transporter molecules. Although many advances had been achieved in plant’s reaction to phosphate starvation, some fields such as the concrete regulation mechanism of plant’s reaction to Pi deficiency, the Pi transportation across tonoplast are not clear until now.

  The Research on the Physiologic and Biochemical Characters in the Startup Culture Process of the Low Lily Liu dongyun, Meng qingrui, Guo tingjie, Zheng hui, Jiang wenhu, Zhang yanguang 2005, 21 (7):  204-204.  Abstract + ( 1265 )   PDF ( 717409KB )   ( 616 ) In this research, the bulbils from various parts of the low lily（Lilium pumilum DC） were being studied upon the variation of its content materials such as sugar、amylum、protein、amino acid and the enzyme activities of the POD、SOD etc in its startup culture process. The relationship between the internal physiological-biochemical varying regulations in the tissue culture process and the organs differentiation in the body-segregation culture of the low lily were also being sought for. The results indicated that: in the startup culture process of the low lily, the enzyme activity degree of the POD、SOD were relatively correlated with the differentiating ratio of the explants. During the initial start-up culture stage of explants, the soluble sugar、protein and amylum were mainly used to provide nutrition for its differentiation, and their concentration degree had no significant correlations with the tissue differentiation ratio.

  The Physiological and Biochemical Changes during Flower Bud Differentiation of Different Lily Cultivars Tu Shuping, Mu Ding, Liu Chun 2005, 21 (7):  207-207.  Abstract + ( 1427 )   PDF ( 740066KB )   ( 769 ) Study on the changes of metabolites during the stage of planting to flower bud differentiation was conducted using cultivars of ‘Asiatic’ and ‘Oriental’ hybrids. The results showed that the processes of metabolism of soluble sugar and soluble protein and the activity of POD were positively correlated with that of flower bud differentiation. The intensities of metabolism of the soluble sugar and soluble protein and the activity of POD in ‘Yellow Baby’ were higher than that in ‘Casa Blanca’. The process of flower bud differentiation of ‘Yellow Baby’ is faster than that of ‘Casa Blanca’. Starch is unnecessary during flower bud differentiation of lilies.

  The Effects of UV-C Irradiation on Seedling Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics in Cucumber Du Huifang, Cheng Zhihui, Liu Bo 2005, 21 (7):  210-210.  Abstract + ( 1510 )   PDF ( 769424KB )   ( 677 ) Cucumber seedlings under room condition are placed 120 cm under 40 watts of ultraviolet light (UV-C, <280 nm) and irradiated totally 10, 5 or 4 times during the whole seedling stage (in 2, 4 or 6 days intervals, respectively) for 10 min each time. The results show that plant height, stem width, top weight and root weight all decrease with the increase of irradiation times. It has little effects on photosynthetic pigment content in leaves. The photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and water use efficiency remarkably decease under UV-C irradiation, while evaporation remains normal.

  A Study on the Vascular Characteristics of the Ear Development in Maize Meng Jianxia, Yang Xiaoling, Guo Jingyao, Liang Yan 2005, 21 (7):  216-216.  Abstract + ( 1391 )   PDF ( 888239KB )   ( 629 ) In order to study the reason of the short husk variety in the process of maize inbred lines from microscopic perspective, the vascular bundle characteristic in the cob and the husk were measured by using different varieties of the maize, including the short husk variety of 139 and the contrast variety of No.1.The result showed the responses of the different types were different in the areas of the vascular bundle in the cob and husk .The single vascular bundle in the husk in 139 were larger than the contrasts ,but the numbers of the vascular bundle of 139 were less than the contrast’s .As for the cob ,the vascular bundle areas of 139 were smaller than No.1’s,but the vasculars bundle number of 139 were larger than that of No.1 .In the end ,we analysed the abnormal development causes of the husk and cob from the organic nutrition transportation respect.

  Characterization of Photosynthesis of Sweet Potato Local Varieties in the Yunnan Plateau Cun Xiangqing, Wu Huaying, Zhao Qingyun, Qing Qiaosheng, Xie Shiqing 2005, 21 (7):  220-220.  Abstract + ( 1462 )   PDF ( 660695KB )   ( 663 ) Chlorophill content and net photosynthesis rate were tested in 23 sweet potato varieties and 5 commercial varieties, Taiwan Shu, Chuanshanzi, Xu91-51-1, Jingzha 4 and Xushu 18( as a control). Among the tested varieties, Yunshu 122 had the highest chlorophyll a with 3.19g/L , Yunshu 104 had the highest chlorophyll b with 0.86g/L, Yunshu 112 and Yunshu 122 had the highest total chlorophyll with 4.04g/L and Yunshu 52 had the highest ratio 4.25 of Chl a/ Chl b. Ganxinhongshu had the highest net photosynthesis rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductivity and intercellular CO2 concentration with 17.98μmol/(m 2?s)、7.64μmol/(m 2?s), 235.63 mmol/ (m 2?s)and320.12μL/L，respectively, and higher than those of Xushu 18.

  Perception and Signal Transduction of Rhizobium Nod Factor in leguminous plants Zhang Qin, Zhang Lei 2005, 21 (7):  233-233.  Abstract + ( 1545 )   PDF ( 969002KB )   ( 1165 ) Nod factors (lipo-chito-oligosaccharides,LCOs) are signal molecules produced by rhizobium in effects of flavonoids secreted by plant roots, play an important role in the process of symbiosis. Nod factors recognize signals by using a certain mechanism, binding to a putative receptor (Nod factor binding protein), via the signaling ways activated by Nod factors such as calcium mediated signal transduction and phospholipid signaling way, induce a series of plant response, such as depolarization of root hair membrane, dividation of cotex and expression of nodulin genes. Moreover, Nod factor perception and signaling is regulated by some gene and feedback mechanism. A review will be established in this paper to introduce the perception mechanism, signal transduction ways and feedback regulation of rhizobium Nod factor in leguminous plants.

  Effect of Urea-Ammonium Chloride Mixed Treatments on Yield and Quality of Brassica Campestris L. Ssp. Chinensis Var. Utilis Tsenet Lee Su Tianming,, Gu Minghua , Li Xiaofeng, Jin Yazhong 2005, 21 (7):  236-236.  Abstract + ( 1415 )   Using the pot experiments, the study of the effect of Urea-ammonium chloride mixed treatments on the nitrate content in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsenet Lee was carried on, the results are as follows:With the increase of use of ammonium chloride, The Cl- content in Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis Tsenet Lee increase obviously; and nitrate content reduce obviously, but the total N, total chlorophyll content and yield befor harvest don, t vary evidently.

  Spatial Variability and Distribution Pattern of Soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in Vegetable field in Typical Area of Taihu Lake Watershed Wang Cairong, Lu Jialong, Hu Zhengyi, Gao Yiming 2005, 21 (7):  238-238.  Abstract + ( 1668 )   In the present investigation, 156 top layer soil samples (0~20 cm) were taken in a regular grid of 50 m by 50 m at 50 hm2 area of vegetable plot located at the east part of Taihui road in Dapu town, Yixing city. Characteristics of spatial variability of soil nutrients were studied using traditional statistics and geo-statistics, The results showed: there were obviously semi-variance structure for spatial variability and distribution Pattern of soil total N, available P, available K. Their spatial variability exhibited a gradual change tendency, and spatial variation developed in larger scales. Their spatial variability exhibited a gradual change tendency, and spatial variation developed in larger scales. Soils were widely abundance in P and total N and available K deficient/enrichment were dependence on fields, Field nutrient distribution maps were generated using Kriging method and GIS technique, The results is useful in making regional soil nutrients management and building key control region .

  The Relationship Between Fruit Structure and Storability in Table Grapes Zhou Huiling, Li Jiarui 2005, 21 (7):  239-239.  Abstract + ( 1337 )   PDF ( 758304KB )   ( 713 ) In this paper, the Relationship between attachment of stem to the berries, turgor pressure and fruit structure in four table grapes were studied of Kyoho, Red Globe,Autumn black and Autum Red grape.The result showed that attachment of stem to the berries was positvely correlated to the diameter of fruit stalk, diameter of the fruit stalk end and total fruit stalk binding area but negatively to the total berry weight per unit area of stalk and stalk binding area. Turgor pressure not only decided by flesh character but also by the berry size,but not related to the pericarp thickness. The fruit stalk xyloidization extent effect the storability of grape more than the stalk to stem ratio.,but the attachment of stem to the berries was not related to the turgor pressure.

  Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Accumulating and Releasing of Phosphorus in Greenhouse Soil He Na, Liang Chenghua, Zhou Yuncheng, Zhang Enping, Pan Dawei 2005, 21 (7):  242-242.  Abstract + ( 1669 )   PDF ( 724598KB )   ( 625 ) Effects of long-term fertilization on accumulating and releasing of phosphorus in greenhouse soil was investigated. The results showed: Total phosphorus, rapidly available phosphorus and organic phosphorus in soil fertilized with phosphate fertilizer present the obviously higher content than that in un-fertilized soil. Moreover, the content of phosphorus with different species can be increased by fertilizing organic manure under the same condition. The content of total phosphorus in the four kinds of treatments present the orders: AP>BP>A>B, the orders of rapidly available phosphorus and organic phosphorus are: AP > A > BP > B. The organic manure can stimulate the releasing of soil phosphorus apparently. The orders of accumulating-releasing capacity of soil phosphorus in the four different kinds of soil is: AP>BP>A>B. The releasing characteristic of soil phosphorus can be exactly depicted by parabolic diffusion equation.

  Effect of Manganese on Yield in Different Soybean Genetic Types Zhang Yuxian, 2005, 21 (7):  245-245.  Abstract + ( 1227 )   PDF ( 676413KB )   ( 488 ) Studies were carried out on effects of manganese on yield of soybean with seed treatment and leaf spraying. The results showed that application of manganese can increased the number of seeds per plant and the number of legumes per plant in Kennong18 with seed treatment and leaf spraying, the height of plant and 100-seed weight increased with the increase of manganese and then decreased; the height of plant、the number of legumes per plant、100-seed weight and the number of seeds per plant increase with the increase of manganese in Dongnong42 with seed treatment and leaf spraying.

  Effects of Soil Basic Fertility and Nitrogen Application on Grain Yield and Quality of Strong Gluten Wheat Kong Lingcong, Cao Chengfu, Wang Jianlai, Zhao Bin, Zhao Zhu 2005, 21 (7):  248-248.  Abstract + ( 1350 )   PDF ( 775933KB )   ( 642 ) Wanmai38, a strong gluten wheat, was taken as an experimental material to study the effect of soil basic fertility and nitrogen application methods on grain yield and quality. The result showed that the correlation between the application rate of N-fertilizer, the proportion of topdressing nitrogen and the grain yield were quadric curved lines; and the correlation between the application rate of N-fertilizer, the proportion of topdressing nitrogen and protein content, wet gluten content were significantly positive on the range from 0 to 300 kg/hm2 of N application. To get the highest yield, the nitrogen application methods of applying 238.6kg/hm2, and 35.1% of the topdressing in jointing in field one (lower soil fertility foundation), and the nitrogen application methods of applying 274.2 kg/hm2, and 47.2% the topdressing in jointing or in jointing and booting in field two (higher soil fertility foundation). The key to techniques for strong gluten wheat cultivation with high yield, good quality was to apply N-fertilizer properly on higher soil fertility foundation

  Effects of Formulated Fertilizer Synergist on Flue-cured Tobacco Photosynthesis Li Zaijun, Peng Keqing, Wang Shaoxian, Zhou Jiheng, Zhou ShuBo, Yin Fang 2005, 21 (7):  252-252.  Abstract + ( 1571 )   PDF ( 722327KB )   ( 714 ) Plot culture of tobacco (K326) was carried out to study. The results showed that synergist improved the contents of chlorophyll. The content of chlorophyll was highest is treament C, and lowest in CK, but no significant difference under the condition of decreasing the fertilizer application. Net photosynethsis and water use efficiency were improved; stomatal conductance (Gs) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were decreased by treatment of synergist. Transpiration rates (Tr) were not different significantly among treatments.

  Effects of NaCl Stress on Microstructure of Almond Rootstocks Hou Jiangtao, Karim·Ali , Dilixiati, Maihemuti 2005, 21 (7):  258-258.  Abstract + ( 1476 )   PDF ( 964191KB )   ( 588 ) 1-year-old Shitou almond and A. communis par. persiooides that were often used in Xinjiang were used as the materials in the experiment; effects of different NaCl concentrations on microstructure of leaves were studied. The results showed that: (1) There was no changes of leaves on two rootstocks after 10 and 20 days’ treatment of 75mmol/L NaCl. (2)After 10 days’ treatment of 150mmol/L NaCl, the mesophyl of Shitou almond was obvious thicker, the cells of palisade tissues and spongy tissues became longer; the amount of palisade tissues cells was more ,which arrange more compact. With the salt concentration increasing and time prolonging, the same reflections were happened, but the shape of palisade tissues and spongy tissues cells became more deformed. (3)There were some obvious reflections of A. communis par. persiooides only after 10 days’treatment of 300mmol/L NaCl, the palisade tissues and spongy tissues cells became longer, the palisade tissues cells arrange more compact and became flourishing. The same reflections were happened after 20 days’treatment of 300mmol/L NaCl, but which was no obvious. Three were no obvious changes for the thickness of mesophyll under different concentrations. After comprehensive comparing, we found Shitou almond was more sensitive to NaCl stress, the leaves made obvious reflections under 150mmol/L NaCl. The leaves on A. communis par. persiooides has various under 300mmol/L NaCl, the variety extent of leaves on A. communis par. Persiooides was little in the whole treatments.

  Effects of different amounts and ratios of NPK on the yield and quality of cucumber in solar greenhouse Li Dongmei, Wei Min, Zhang Haisen, Kong Xiangbo, Wang Xiufeng 2005, 21 (7):  262-262.  Abstract + ( 1709 )   PDF ( 799313KB )   ( 1082 ) Experiments were conducted to study the effects of different NPK amounts and rates on the yield and quality of soilless cultured cucumber (Curcumas sativa L) in solar greenhouse. The results showed that：Cucumber yields and fruit number per vine and fruit weight raised significantly by increasing the amount and ratio of nitrogen, proper nitrogen made soluble protein contents improve remarkably, but high amounts and ratios led to lower soluble protein and vitamin C contents in fruit, higher nitrogen application got higher nitrate content and a positive but unremarkable effect on soluble sugar content. Increasing the amount and ratio of phosphorus also had positive effect on cucumber yields and fruit number per vine and fruit weight, and it had no remarkable effect on soluble protein contents, but the soluble sugar contents decreased when amounts and ratios of phosphorus were beyond the former extent, increasing phosphorus could decrease vitamin C, the nitrate content increased remarkably at the same time. The fruit nitrate content in high nitrogen-phosphorus treatment was 95% higher than that in CK. The yields and fruit number per vine and fruit weight could not increase significantly, but soluble protein contents in fruit increased when higher potassium was applied, vitamin C and soluble sugar contents decreased at the same time. While compared with higher nitrogen and phosphorus, higher potassium made a lower decrease in vitamin C, more potassium could decreased nitrate content significantly, and the effects were more noticeable as more potassium applied,

  Research Progress on Orchard Sod Culture Ma Guohui, Zeng Ming, Wang Yuyue, Luo Han, Liu Xiaojie 2005, 21 (7):  273-273.  Abstract + ( 1442 )   PDF ( 1060697KB )   ( 840 ) Orchard sod culture is the technique popularly adopted by developed countries to manage the orchard, which can meliorate the physical and chemic characters of soil, adjust the environment of orchard, affect the growth of fruit trees and increase the yield and improve the quality of fruit. There is competition of nutrient and water between grass and fruit trees. In the early phase of sod culture., orchardgrass decrease trees' growth and influence the earlier yield, which due to the orchardgrass influence the transportation and distributing of nutrient and water. Orchard sod culture system combined with livestock makes the orchard ecosystem comprehensive with widely foreground.

  Regional Division of Fruit Trees Reconstruction in Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi Bai Gangshuan, Du Sheni, Liou Guobin, Ma Fengwang 2005, 21 (7):  281-281.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 1034923KB )   ( 764 ) On the basis of environmental characteristics, actualities of fruit trees developments and regional division principles in loess plateau of northern Shaaxi Province, there have 7 areas for fruit trees reconstruction been demarcated. These are Malus prunifolia var. region in Shenmu and Fugu County in the north, wine and juice Vitis vinifera region in Maowusu desert, Prunus armeniaca var. ansu and Prunus davidiana region in Baiyushan and Hengshan mountains, trade Malus domestica and Pyrus bretschneideri region in middle and lower reaches of Yanhe river, high quality Zizyphus jujuba region in Huanghe river valley in the east, manifold fruits region in the middle and south, high quality Malus domestica region in Luochuan plateau. Directions of development, reconstruction scale and reconstruction methods for every region are considered.

  Effect of Synchronous Leaf Pruning on Yield and Plant Development in Greenhouse Tomato Xiao Shengen,, Zhou Puhua, Ep Heuvelink 2005, 21 (7):  289-289.  Abstract + ( 1336 )   PDF ( 704192KB )   ( 625 ) Effect of synchronous leaf pruning on yield and plant development in greenhouse tomato cultivar ‘Capita’ was investigated. The results indicated that with 6 fruits per truss leaf area index (LAI) was significantly decreased from 2.9 m2/m2to 2.4 m2/m2 by synchronous leaf pruning, therefore total plant yield was significantly decreased by 5.2%, while no significant reduction was observed in fruit yield. With the increment of plant density from 2.5 to 3.8 plant/m2, LAI was increased significantly from 2.4 to 3.6 m2/m2，which resulted in a increment by 32.3% and 38.4% in total plant yield and fruit yield per square meter, respectively, while a reduction by 13.0% and 9.0% in total plant yield and fruit yield per plant, respectively. Both plant development and height were influenced neither by synchronous leaf pruning nor by plant density.

  Principal Component Analysis the Effect of Treatments with HNO2 on the Main Character of Pepper Germinating and Seedling Growing Zhao Huifang, Gong Zhenhui, Qi Fei 2005, 21 (7):  292-292.  Abstract + ( 1296 )   PDF ( 731874KB )   ( 567 ) Dry seeds of pepper were treated with HNO2 (0.05mol/L) in different treatment time, the physiological data relevant pepper germinating and seedling growing were determined. These data were analyzed and valued by the principal component analysis method. Result showed that the data were gathered up 3 principal components, that is the factor of seeds vigor and germinating ability; the factor of maintaining stability of cell membrane structure function; the factor of life vigor namely matter produce ability. The additive contributing rate of the first three principal components amounts to 86.5785%, can basically reflect mostly information of the effect of HNO2 treatments on pepper germinating and seedling growing.

  A New Greenhouse-cultivted Tomato F1 Hybrid –Malisa Huang Tingting, Liu Binglu, Wang Changyi, Liu Shuqin 2005, 21 (7):  295-295.  Abstract + ( 1500 )   PDF ( 766013KB )   ( 613 ) Malisa is a new tomato F1 hybrid developed by segregated, selected and crossing from the progenies of abroad tomato varieties from 1996-2003. it has big round red fruits with good quality, average fruit weight is 178g, soluble solid content is above 5%, and it can keep fresh over 15 days at 25℃. It is high resisted to CMV, ToMV, Tomato Wilt, Tomato Leaf mold ,root-knot nematodes, middle resisted to Tomato Southern bacterial wilt . It yields over 114.7t·hm-2.h

  Advance in Studies of Flowering Time and Bolting Time of Brassica Crops Chen Shuxia, Fang Yulin, Wang Xiaowu, Cheng Zhihui, Fang Zhiyuan, Sun Peitian 2005, 21 (7):  298-298.  Abstract + ( 1468 )   PDF ( 787389KB )   ( 697 ) Advances in studies of flowering time and bolting time of Brassica crops were summarized separately in terms of the research history of the flowering time and bolting time of Brassica crops, in terms of researches in traditional genetics ways of these traits, in terms of researches of Brassica crops and other Cruciferae crops using molecular methods, and the comparative mapping with the other Cruciferae crops. Suggestions on the forthcoming studies were also made.

  Summarization of Water and Fertilization Managements in Orchards Yu Xianzhang, Kai rongli, Zhen Huaniu 2005, 21 (7):  302-302.  Abstract + ( 1378 )   PDF ( 1257646KB )   ( 733 ) As song as manage orchards, peoples have been vision of importance about water and fertilization in orchards. The history is also begin to management on water and fertilization, from the drop irrigate, spray irrigate in the 18th century to technology of balance fertilization in the 20th century. Nowadays, deeper research indicated that ecological balance fertilizations were the most reasonable and effective, because not only they enhance the output but also quality in apple. The base of theory, technology and methods about ecological balance fertilizations can eliminate obstacle in spread about fertilize technology and become one of the key technologies. The theory of orchard water and fertilization include: the technology of irrigate, bestow and intercrop with grass-apple tree. The technology of fertilization include: spray NBR on leaf surface, DRIS diagnose fertilization and ecological balance fertilization. Research history of water and fertilization managements in orchards was reviews. Applications of water managements, fertilization managements and water-fertilization managements in orchards were discussed firstly. Then the trend of water and fertilization managements in orchards was forecasted.

  Two type of budding in application trial of apples seedling raising Yang Tingzhen, Gao Jingdong, Wang Qian, Li Kunpeng 2005, 21 (7):  308-308.  Abstract + ( 1384 )   PDF ( 829519KB )   ( 611 ) through the comparative trial of T budding and woodly inlay grafting, associating statistical analysis of all classes of field observation data , we think : T budding results in a high percentage of growing grafts when bark is slipping to both scion and rootstock ; and it is better to use woodly inlay grafting when rootstock seedling is comparatively thiner and lower and either scion or rootstock has not the phenonmenon of the bark slips because it can complete grafting task the same year ; but in massive productive seedling raising , the cost of nursery stock is lower using woodly inlay grafting than using T budding and economic benefit is higher.

  Experiment on the Seed Germination of Portulaca oleracea L. Wang honglei, Wang hongyan 2005, 21 (7):  313-313.  Abstract + ( 1662 )   PDF ( 785877KB )   ( 610 ) The experimental results indicated that both low-temperature stratification of 8 weeks and the concentration of 600 mg/L GA3 could effectively break the seed dormancy of Portulaca oleracea L. and increase its germination ratio.

  nfluence of Hillside Vineyards’ Soil Nutrition on Wine Grape Growth Shi Pengbao, Zhang Zhenwen 2005, 21 (7):  315-315.  Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 915249KB )   ( 812 ) Three layers’ soil chemical and physical properties and grape quality of three different altitude vineyards were studied. The results indicated that the soil of the three vineyards were alkalescent. Soil OM and N, P, K were deficient, available microelements were plentiful except B. Grape growth and the ratio of sugar and acid content were lowering with the altitude of vineyards rising, total polyphenols and tannin contents of middle altitude vineyard was highest.

  Research Progress in Biological Control of Fusarium wilt Disease Hao Xiaojuan,, Liu Bo, Xie Guanlin 2005, 21 (7):  319-319.  Abstract + ( 1464 )   PDF ( 1049507KB )   ( 1134 ) Plant wilt disease is a soil borne disease infected by Fusarium oxysporum Schl. At present, effective control methods are not available. Utilizing of natural resources of microorganisms of biocide is the future research direction in this field. The studies and application status of various biological agents of Fusarium oxysporum were summarized on this paper. The problems and suggests directions of further study were also discussed.

  Study On the Insect Community In Turf of Trifolium repens.L. lawn in Spring Wang Yunbing, Yao Xianhua, Ma Xinling, Wang Jinmei 2005, 21 (7):  323-323.  Abstract + ( 1232 )   PDF ( 962735KB )   ( 497 ) This paper is concerned about a systematic study of insect community Trifolium repens.L.lawn in spring, the result show that the insect community composed of twenty-eight kinds of insects of nine orders. In which Aphid and leafmite are the dominant insects in spring. Through the analysis of four indexes of N、S、T、H，the insect community of Trifolium repens L. lawn is more prosperous in April than other moons ,but insect community structure is more steady in May than other moons. It is important to the pests management of the Trifolum repens.L.lawn.

  Study on Function of Seed Coating Formulations, Temperature to Cotton Seedling Emergence and Cotton Seedling Disease Yao Xianhua, Ma xinling 2005, 21 (7):  326-326.  Abstract + ( 1591 )   PDF ( 834998KB )   ( 654 ) In 2002and 2003,as result of climate, cotton seedling disease was more serious in the cotton districts of Henan Province. By studying on function of temperature and seed coating formulations, to seed cotton to find method of tackling the problem of cotton seedling emergence. On the condition of low temperature and normal temperature treating the seed cotton and the delinted seed cotton by H2SO4 with Carboxin. Thiram, Amicarthi Thram, Carbendazim, Fludioxonil. By surveying seedling emergence rate, seedling disease rate, seedling death rate and seeding stage,to find the superior treatment. The results demonstrated that treated seed cotton by Carboxin.Thiram was the best in these seed coatings.

  Effect of Fusarium Graminearum Crude Toxin on Wheat Young Embryos Culture and Scab-Resisitance of Plants in R1 and R2 Generations Zhang Xiaohong, Chen Yaofeng, Ren Huili, Min Donghong 2005, 21 (7):  331-331.  Abstract + ( 1271 )   PDF ( 831346KB )   ( 558 ) The effects of crude toxin on young embryo culture and scab-resistance of their offspring in R1 and R2 generations were investigated with three wheat varieties. The results were as follows：①High concentration （6.0g/L）of crude toxin inhibited the growth of calli from different genotypes obviously，but the germination and growth of embryos were promoted. When the concentration was lower than 6.0g/L，the crude toxin promoted the growth of calli. ②The crude toxin inhibited the formation of embryogenic calli and regeneration of plantlets remarkably，and the influencing degree was much stronger to former than to later. ③The appropriate concentrations of crude toxin stress were 1.5g/L~4.5g/L，in this range，the calli grew normally，and embryogenic calli and plantlets were inhibited markedly，but their differentiation capabilities were retained in a certain degree. ④The selection of toxin increased the proportion of resistant plants in the R1 offsprings. Scab-resistance of R2 regeneration separated, and there was a tendency of susceptible in the separation.

  Analysis of Key Factor on the Stem Apex Detoxification Culture of Potato Lin Rong, Xie Chunmei, Xie Shiqing 2005, 21 (7):  338-338.  Abstract + ( 1486 )   PDF ( 910780KB )   ( 961 ) The paper diacusses key factor on the tissue culture of potato and the non-poisonous potato on the top of stem what should be paid attention to the process of cultivation. To improve the quality of potato and the non-poisonous effect of potato, the article also put forward the counter in detail.

  Review of Researches on Inheritance and Breeding of Blast resistance in Rice Liang Manling 2005, 21 (7):  341-341.  Abstract + ( 1650 )   PDF ( 1083722KB )   ( 973 ) Blast is one of the major diseases, which affect rice production. There seems no specially effective way to control the disease in production, but more often, it depends on the resistibility in the rice itself to limit the epidemic of blast. Therefore, it is significant to conduct the studies on inheritance and breeding of blast resistance in rice. At present there are more than 40 blast resistant genes, which are tested and positioned, and 2 blast resistant genes i.e. Pi-b and Pi-ta, which are cloned. The following strategies can be adopted in breeding for blast resistant rice varieties: extensively collect blast resistant germplasm; the highly resistant materials which have been selected naturally in the seriously blast-diseased areas and the resistant materials with resistant genes positioned can be used as key parental lines; observe the change in the structure of blast pathogenic populations so as to gain exact information related to the change of races; transfer some resistant genes through the combination of conventional sexual hybridization with trans-gene technology; combine the artificial inoculation, molecular marker and on-diseased-nursery test together for elevating the accuracy in the testing of the resistibility in the progenies of a hybrid as well as for accelerating the breeding progress.

  A Scientific Understanding of the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) Gao Renjun,, Chen Bill, Zheng MinQi, Zhang Wenji 2005, 21 (7):  353-353.  Abstract + ( 1719 )   PDF ( 1115544KB )   ( 1303 ) While the benefits of crop protection in food production are clear, there is ongoing dialogue over whether any residues that may remain on food pose a threat to human health. Residues need not be a cause for health concern because before any crop protection product can be registered for use, it must pass through a rigorous regulatory process that includes a scientific risk assessment. Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) are defined as the maximum concentration of pesticide residue (expressed as milligrams of residue per kilogram of commodity) likely to occur in or on food after the use of pesticides according to Good Agricultural Practice (GAP). MRLs are intended primarily as a check that the GAP is being followed and to assist international trade representatives in importing and exporting produce treated with pesticides. MRLs are set based on GAP and not based on toxicological data. MRLs are not safety limits, and exposure to residues in excess of a MRL does not automatically imply a hazard to health. MRLs are established by national authorities and by the Codex Alimentarius Commission of United Nations, which sets standards that are intended to apply to international trade.

  Identification of the Pathogen of Bayberry (Myrica rubra) Leaf Blight and its Fungicides Sensitivity Guo Lizhong, Deng xianqiong 2005, 21 (7):  359-359.  Abstract + ( 1453 )   PDF ( 992208KB )   ( 762 ) Bayberry(Myrica rubra) leaf blight is one of the important diseases occurring on bayberry in hunan province.It was identified that Phomopsis myricina Y.J.Huang et P.K.Chi was the pathogen of bayberry leaf blight.Twenty fungicides were screened at four concentrations in laboratory.The results showed that Thiophanate-methyl.thiram,carbendazim,Junkexing,Tuzet,Manzat,Mancozeb,Asomate,Thiophanate-methyl,Tanbiling and 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixtures were most effective in vitro against the mycelial growth and conidial germination of P. myricina. Xiangyanzhibingling and Hongsha could inhibit effectively against the mycelial growth,but could not inhibit the conidial germination. Fosetyl-aluminium.maneozeb, Dacoden and Lime sulphur could inhibit the conidial germination and could not inhibit the mycelial growth.while the other fungicides were both ineffective against the mycelial growth and conidial germination.

  Spatio-Temporal Variance and Correlation of Vegetation Characteristics and Soil Properties of Cropland to Forest in the Loess Hilly Region Jiao feng，, Wen zhongming, Bo yaojun, Li rui 2005, 21 (7):  363-363.  Abstract + ( 1346 )   PDF ( 942315KB )   ( 571 ) Vegetation and soil is the two most active factors of landscape and the important content of evaluation for cropland to forest. The relationship between them is central to ecological research. In the loess hilly region, study of relationship is required for understanding of landscape ecological processes and restoration of cropland to forest. Spatio-temporal variance and correlation of (vegetation) species richness, diversity, evenness, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus of cropland to forest and their interaction at different spatial scales and habitats in the loess hilly region are analyzed in this paper. The vegetation index of cropland to forest in area scale is less than that in catchment scale, but it has more variance. To come near significant and significant positive correlations between species richness and evenness, species diversity and evenness, soil organic matter and total nitrogen were revealed at two scales and habitats studied. Different spatio-temporal patterns of vegetation characteristics and soil properties of cropland to forest were found, but no significant correlations between were observed in two scales. These results indicated vegetation characteristics and soil properties of cropland to forest were controlled by others environmental factors or interferential process. These factors or interferential process resulted in spatio-temporal variance vegetation characteristics and soil properties of cropland to forest.

  A study on Variation of Soil Water during Different Ecological Restoration or Reconstruction in Loess Hilly and Gully Regions of Southern Ningxia Wang Yueling，Zhang Yuanrun，Cai Jinjun，Li Shengbao，Jiang Qi 2005, 21 (7):  367-367.  Abstract + ( 1470 )   PDF ( 846058KB )   ( 566 ) Variation of Soil Water during Different Ecological Restoration or Reconstruction in Loess Hilly and Gully Regions of Southern Ningxia was studied,through the surely a little observation of the typical shape land of open country. Research result shows: In the vegetation course of resuming of degraded mountainous region,0~60 cm earth layer, soil moisture content follow recovery the increase of time limit increase, below the earth layer of 60 cm,soil water content along with retreat to plough the unceasing increase of time limit reduce continuously little; For different resuming the soil moisture content, 88542 horizontal ditch > artificial grass > the hollow of fish scale > natural grass; For the soil moisture content of different vegetation type,grass land> bush land > forest land; For the soil moisture content of different topography,cloudy slope > half cloudy slope > positive slope, slope bottom > slope central section > slope top, and along with the unceasing increase of slope soil, moisture content reduce continuously little.

  Effect of Autumn -rainy on Yield Formation of Transgenic Cotton Liu Shengrong, Jia Tao, Liu Dangpei 2005, 21 (7):  374-374.  Abstract + ( 1368 )   The yield formation of some early-mature cotton varieties, as CCCR45 and 33B, and of some middle-mature cotton ones, as CCCR41 and sGK321, were analyzed in rainy autumn days during 2003 to 2004 year. The experiment results showed that the mildew and rot boll grew in number, plant decrepitude shifted to an earlier time and became heavier in the cloudy weather and rainy day of later season. The useful cotton boll rate at upper and outer parts on the plant was less than 10%, rot cotton boll rate of early-mature cotton was raised by 25.4%, which was 4 times higher than that of middle-mature one. In this case, the dominance of the precociousness of early-mature cotton had lost completely. Before 10 October, the harvest yield number of middle-mature cotton, which had clear superiority of boll formation on July, had increased 31.1% than that of early-mature one. Having the disposition of branches and leaves had to make a display of open and clear characteristic, the middle-mature cotton was identical with the optimum boll formation period of middle of Shaanxi province, which had good adaptability to the ecological environment of autumn-rainy days frequently being occurrence in this cotton region.

  Current Research Situation and Prospect of Fetching the Hydrogen that Organic Waste Water is Used Qu Ran, Sun Zhenjun, Jin Yabo 2005, 21 (7):  377-377.  Abstract + ( 1245 )   This text has summarized the research progress of the fermented law of detest oxygen which fetches the hydrogen both at home and abroad, and commented the conditions , principle， influence factors , different methods to make hydrogen .The result shows : It is the best producing hydrogen type at present that the ethanol type ferments, it has good development prospects that the microorganism make hydrogen technology.

  Study on the Effect of Urbanization on Floodwater ——Taking the Shen-zhen city as an example Gao Zhaoliang, Feng Xingping, Cong Huaijun 2005, 21 (7):  380-380.  Abstract + ( 2106 )   As one of land cover changing factors, urbanization effects greatly on the flooding water. From the mechanism analysis of urbanization action, it showed that urbanization changed notably the processing of produce and confluent water, so that decreased the ability of basin’s holding water, increased largely the confluent speed. The runoff coefficient distinctly grow up. This paper took the urbanization of Shenzhen City effecting the floodwater planning of Shenzhen River as an example, got the results that urbanization would increased the speed of over land and channel flow concentration, shorten time, increase the flood peak flux. As to the flood water encountered in 100 years, the concentration time in the controlling points of the stemflow would be curtailed by 15.4%~21.7%, correspondingly the flood peak flux increase by 11.8%~19.0%.

  The impacts of agricultural activities on biodiversity in agroecosystems Jiang Junhong, Jing Ling, Zhu Chaorong , Lu Yujie 2005, 21 (7):  385-385.  Abstract + ( 1436 )   The changes of ecological conditions owing to agricultural activities such as extensive usage of pesticides and fertilizers, extendibility of high yield breeds and application of water-saving in irrigation technology etc. and the irrationality of landscape structures of farmland have significantly impacts on the biodiversity of species of the agricultural ecosystems. So this paper makes some suggestions to protect the biodiversity of agricultural ecosystem: ①construct continuous ecological agriculture, ②make ecological planning of farmland rational, ③plant various crops rationally and break the single structure of planting.

  Spatial variability of soil nutrients based on geostatisics combined with GIS of the 7th Agricultural Shi as example in Xinjiang Chen Yan，Lv Xin 2005, 21 (7):  389-389.  Abstract + ( 1506 )   Geoestatisitics combined with GIS was applied to analyze the spatial variability of soil nutrients in topsoil in the 7th Agricultural Shi as example in Xinjiang. The research which was based on Kriging method was handled by ArcGIS. GIS can integrate attribute data with geographical data of system variables, which makes the application of geoestatisitics technique for large spatial scale more convenient. Soil nutrient data in this study showed that the spatial correlation of total nitrogen, organic matter, available potassium and available phosphorus at this large scale were moderately dependent. Choosing proper Kriging model, verifying of the Cross-Validation and correcting the parameters are important factors influencing accurate analysis.

  Industrialized Product of No-pollution Leaf Vegetables Wu Zhen , Huang Jun , Weng Mangling , Guo Shirong , Li Shijun 2005, 21 (7):  392-392.  Abstract + ( 1229 )   This paper summarizes many factors of industrialized product of no-pollution leaf vegetables: the culture pattern, environmental control, and ecological controls of diseases. This paper also recommends methods to solve these problems and others that maybe happen.

  Actuality and Expectation in Saving Water Technique in Fujian Mountainous Loquat Orchard Lin Jianxin, Chen Shanhu, Lu Heding, Ji Rongchang 2005, 21 (7):  397-397.  Abstract + ( 1749 )   This paper introduced the development history of water-saving technique in Fujian mountainous orchard, and discussed the current situation of the water-saving technology in the mountainous orchard from canal seepage control technology, low press conduit pipe, drip irrigation，micro-irrigation, subsurface drip irrigation，cover moisture preserving, drought resistant varieties and chemical control。The paper point out the water-saving technology in the orchard develops very fast, but there are a lot of unfavorable factors such as irrigation projects are not perfected, management and investment level were low. In this paper，the authors propose optimization for combination of water conservancy measure and agronomy measure, combination of water-saving Engineering and agricultural technique and research of orchard water demand rule and irrigating system were necessary to the development of high-efficient water-saving technology system.

  Current Status and Prospect in Plant Chemical Control Cultivated Engineering Technique Research Gu Wanrong, Ge Ziqiang, Chen Yuan, Chen Dehua, Wu Yunkang 2005, 21 (7):  400-400.  Abstract + ( 1699 )   For the purpose of high-yield、high-quality、high-efficiency and sustainable development , how to improve the crop’s yield potential further will be a arduous task for a long time in our agricultural science and technique. The plant chemical control cultivated engineering techniques is a new technological complex induced through the combination of chemical (Plant Growth Regulators) application and traditional techniques. It becomes one of the most active fields in agricultural research and plays great importance in all aspects of crop cultivation. The history and achievements are summarized in the fields of research and application of plant chemical control cultivated engineering technique in our country. The paper emphasized the importance and necessity of chemically-controlled crop culture engineering techniques in Chinese agricultural developments. The tendencies of research and application in plant chemical control cultivated engineering technique are prospected in new century.

  Developing Recycle Economy, Promoting Agricultural Sustainable Development Chen Huanying, Cui Herui 2005, 21 (7):  409-409.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   (1 Department of Science and Research, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, 071001; 2Department of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University ,Baoding, 071003, Hebei provinve, China)

  Study on the Formation and Development of University Agricultural Sci-tech Extension System Hu Junpeng, Gao Xiang, Zhang Xian, Zhang Junjie 2005, 21 (7):  412-412.  Abstract + ( 1422 )   This paper summarized the definition , creation background and development of the university agricultural sci-tech extension system(UASES) ,analyzed the main extension patterns in university agricultural sci-tech extension,such as project leading, corporation leading , extension base leading, farmer training leading and farmer ‘s economical organization leading pattern,and took some advices in UASES developing .

  Reflection and Suggestion of Adjusting Industry Construction and Increasing People’s Profit about Weihe-river Valley Lv Pinghui，Ji Zhiping，Han Yan，Zhao Genmei 2005, 21 (7):  416-416.  Abstract + ( 1166 )   The weihe-river valley is agricultural economic core zone in the Gansu and Shaanxi provinces.Now it is the primary facing problem how to determine the main industry of the zone and adjust industry construction combining the local resource by the market economy rule and realize increasing people’s profits and sustainable economic development.The authors have made suggestions on the above problems according to our researching practice for ten years.

  Pattern and consider of dominant agricultural product implementing agricultural standardization in zhangye Wangqinli, Liucheyuan, Zhagnwenbin, Lutianwen, Yaoxingxiang,Yangbin 2005, 21 (7):  418-418.  Abstract + ( 1386 )   the paper concludes the patterns of implementing agricultural standardization thought investigating in zhangye: leading enterprises, as the core organization implement agricultural standardization, scientific and technical exemplary plantation give impetus to the implementation of agricultural standardization, craft association tums into agricultural standardization by self-discipline, and the government mainly craft association. The paper puts forward several considers of implementing agricultural standardization in under-developed area, the correct choice effective methods of implementing agricultural standardization in under-developed area; the pattern of craft association must be powered by economic interest; the agriculture standardization should be powerfully supported by government, but must be powered by market interest; the implementation of agricultural standardization needs improving sections at all levels of intending agricultural techniques.

  Analyze in Agricultural Investment and Measurement Economy of Peasant's Income of the Western and Wastern of Our Country Chen Li, Liu Guanghui 2005, 21 (7):  421-421.  Abstract + ( 1468 )   This text regards the agriculture's statistical data of the western and eastern of our country during 1985 —2002 as samples. Analyze in agricultural investment and measurement economy of peasant's income of Hebei, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Shandong, Guangdong seven eastern province and Sichuan , Ningxia , Xinjiang , Qinghai , Yunnan , Gansu , Shanxi , Guizhou eight western province. The author puts forward to offering reference for making the policies and measures which increase peasant' s income.

  Study on the Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Establishment of Institutions’ Scientific Research Items Cui Weifang, Zhuang Shihong 2005, 21 (7):  424-424.  Abstract + ( 1424 )   In this paper the method of Fuzzy mathematics is used for the comprehensive evaluation of scientific research items and a mathematics model is constructed, which overcomes the shortcomings that the percentage of not important factors and subjective factors is bigger, strengthens the objection of items ‘evaluation. It’s useful to rationally adjust the fund. It promotes the work efficiency and saves the fund of evaluating the research items to practice in computer, which has more widely practice in the region of scientific and research management.

  The Rural Travel Analysis of the Anti-poverty Era for the Travel Chen Xiaoyan, Wu Tie 2005, 21 (7):  431-431.  Abstract + ( 1148 )   Tourism industry has already demonstrated the enormous function that it is in the national economic growth gradually as getting the army trade of the tertiary industry. With the development of industrialization and urbanization process of our country, more and more persons choose the village to travel, this is the demand that people release psychological pressure and return to nature, therefore its development is unusually fast. Can bring about an advance in local economy to travel in the village, impel the national income to reallocate，adjust the local industrial structure and improve peasant's living standard，because of this, it becomes the research direction and subject of the government and scholars of travel poverty. It is mostly meaning. function and strategy of probing into poverty alleviation to scan most scholars' research results, mention some questions that should be paid attention to while developing too, but the author thinks the scholars are mostly previous problems of studying travel poverty alleviation, but has neglected one question, that is: Development of the rural travel in the anti-poverty era for the travel. After rural residents shake off poverty and set out on the road to prosperity, the development that their consumption idea will influence the village to travel directly.

  Discussion on Developing Types of Urban Agriculture and their Countermeasures during Urbanization and Industrialization Liu Weiming 2005, 21 (7):  434-434.  Abstract + ( 1467 )   Rapid industrialization and urbanization cause the problems of environment and plowland resource. In the course of industrialization and urbanization, developing urban agriculture is the objective demand. According to functions of urban agriculture, investors and technical features, urban agriculture is classified and countermeasure for developing urban agriculture is discussed in this paper.

  Innovating the Mechanism of Agricultural Law Popularity, Promoting the Level of Governing Agriculture by Law ----Practice and Consideration on Agricultural Sections Innovating the Mechanism of Law Popularity in Taizhou of Jiangsu Province Fan Baohong, Ge Yujin 2005, 21 (7):  438-438.  Abstract + ( 1658 )   According to the new practice of law popularity made by agricultural sections in Taizhou of Jiangsu province, a series of new mechanisms of agricultural law popularity were proposed in this paper, and the compound measures to ensure substantial results of law popularity were also discussed.

  Seed-management at Present Existed Questions and Countermeasures Luo Ming, Zhuang Yiqing, Zhang Guoliang, Shu Hanliang 2005, 21 (7):  442-442.  Abstract + ( 1135 )   this article was about a summary briefly on the numerous questions appearing in the seed management at present，and had proposed relevant countermeasures pointedly. and expected to advance the reform of seed management organizations，strengthen the work of the seed management，ensure the grain to increase production, increase peasants income, stable the countryside and develop agriculture. and offered some reference suggestions.

  耕地保护；耕地总量动态平衡；政府；利益 Discussion and Analysis of Government Behaviors in Farmland Conservation 2005, 21 (7):  444-444.  Abstract + ( 1209 )   Methods of documents and theoretical analysis are applied to study government behavior in farmland conservation, discovering that local governments’ efficiency of farmland conversation is not high and the actual use of central government’s total dynamic balance of farmland policy is not so obvious as theoretical imagination. Thus it needs to perfect the policy system of farmland conversation. Meanwhile it also is important to promote local governments to conserve farmland positively as well as to raise comprehensive production ability of farmland through building reasonable benefits allotment mechanism, informing present land expropriation regulation, raising agricultural comparison benefits and make scientific land utilization plan.

  Externalities Theory and the Economics Analysis of Pesticide Pollution Zhao Yonghui, Tian Zhihong 2005, 21 (7):  448-448.  Abstract + ( 1270 )   With the rapidly increase of pesticide requirement, the conflict between pesticide and environment is sharpened. The “externalities” theory in environment economics is applied to analyze the pesticide pollution and try to find a way to decrease it. In our country, the number of pesticide corporations is huge, but the scale of most of them is small. At the same time, the user is numerous too, but few can use the pesticide scientifically. So the government should intervene in the production and the use of the pesticide by the non-marketing way such as control and law.