Abstract: Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsmura), is a major pest of soybean (Glycine max). So far, some resistance resources have been screened as well as twelve resistance genes have been mapped, and three biotypes of soybean aphid have been identified. Compared with crops of Poaceae, resistance inheritance to aphid in soybean and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is simple, single dominant gene, and most of the resistance genes are calculated belong to classic R gene family, encoding NBS-LRR protein. So far, several aphid resistance genes have been cloned in plants, and they also belong to NBS-LRR gene family. In this paper, we review and sum up the studies of soybean aphid resistance and propose possible future research.