Current issue

• 2013 Vol.29 No.36 Published:25 December 2013

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  Progress on Research of Ratoon Rice Cultivation Technology 2013, 29 (36):  1-8.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0363 Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 568063KB )   ( 656 ) In this article, achievements about rationing rice are summarized. All rice varieties can be certain ratoon rice production, ratoon rice the head quarter rice harvest rice pile on the dormant buds continue germination and growth spike rice harvest season. It has many advantages, such as a short growing period, high output, saving seeds, saving labor, low production cost and high efficiency. The production of ratoon rice of conventional varieties is significantly lower than the hybrid rice, and three-line hybrid rice ratoon rice, compared with two-line hybrid rice, has a lower production; the height of stubble around the different combinations and different ecological conditions has some differences, but generally 10-40 cm; sections axillary buds can germinate better under appropriate temperature, light and moisture, and the application of gibberellin and cytokinin can effectively promote axillary bud germination, and improve the survival rate of the regeneration bud; the most appropriate temperature of ratoon axillary buds germinating and surviving is 24.5-27.0℃, and relative humidity is 81% to 85%, ‘Shanyou 63’ of ratoon rice’s seed rate over 70% of the critical low temperature indicators: the average temperature of five consecutive days is ≥ 21℃. First Season Rice full heading Jianye SPAD, leaf nitrogen content and population per unit area of the total number of spikelets three factors can be used to predict the ratoon rice yield promote fertilizer of bud development economic application rate; super hybrid rice can also get better ratoon yield. The ratoon rice cultivation techniques can be further research.

  Recent Research Progress of Solvent Retention Capacity on Wheat 2013, 29 (36):  9-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0039 Abstract + ( 934 )   PDF ( 506659KB )   ( 680 ) Solvent Retention Capacity（SRC）is an important index for predicting flour functionality in soft wheat in USA, which includes water SRC, 50% lactic acid SRC, 5% sodium carbonate SRC and 50% sucrose SRC. In this paper, the test methods, relationship between SRCs and flour quality, genetics of SRCs and application of SRCs in wheat breeding were summaried and some suggestions were proposed according to the remain problems of SRCs in order to guide us in using SRCs in our wheat quality improvement.

  Research Progress of Winter-spring Recurrent Selection Wheat Breeding Method 2013, 29 (36):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-3000 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 561489KB )   ( 610 ) Huai’an is located in the boundary (33°33′ N) of north-south climate in our country, days of winter below 5℃ is over 112 days, all winter wheat varieties can vernalized safely, average temperature in January is over 0.2℃, spring wheat varieties can live through the winter safely. After years of research and practice, we carried out research on winter-spring recurrent selection wheat through Taigu genic male sterile wheat and dwarf-male sterile wheat in Huai’an, and formed a small investment, high efficiency of wheat breeding system through the superiority of the winter-spring wheat hybridization, recurrent selection and shuttle breeding combination, and cultivated a series of new wheat varieties, we opened a new way to improve the efficiency of wheat breeding success. We summarized the progress of recurrent selection wheat breeding in our country, we focus on solving the conflict among the late sowing, early maturity and high yield; construction of Scab Resistant recurrent selection population, create excellent Scab Resistant resources; inducing haploid breeding of wheat with recurrent selection population; strengthen cooperation with foreign research institutions, introducing foreign high-quality germplasm resources, and introducing genetic diversity of populations; and strengthen the cooperation with dwarf –male sterile wheat breeding system, so we can cultivate a series of new wheat varieties with wide adaptability, good comprehensive characters.

  The Research Process on Somatic Embryo Tissue Culture 2013, 29 (36):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0259 Abstract + ( 669 )   PDF ( 533262KB )   ( 593 ) The system of soybean somatic embryogenesis genetic transformation is the effective way to improve the genetic stability of exogenous gene and overcome the chimera. Therefore highly efficient and stable soybean somatic embryonic tissue culture system should be established and widely used in the genetic transformation of soybeans, which is the important research content to improve the soybean genetic transformation. This paper described the research progress of soybean somatic embryogenesis regeneration system from the regeneration system of soybean somatic embryos and transgenic research methods ,and then discussed the factors which affecting the genetic transformation of soybean somatic embryogenesis.

  Advances of Plastic Film Mulch in Sweet Potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.)] 2013, 29 (36):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0072 Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 524600KB )   ( 592 ) The sweet potato is one of the most important crops in China, and the plastic film mulch was an important agronomic practice increasing the yield of sweet potato, this article reviewed the yield-increasing mechanism of plastic film mulch which mainly lay in the following aspects. The first was that the plastic film mulch increased the temperature and humidity of soil, improved the physical and chemical properties and accelerated the conversion of nutrient in soil. The second was that the plastic film mulch made tuber formation earlier than that of bare ground and improved the development of root and prevented the over growth of leaves and stems. The third was that the plastic film mulch increased the content of chlorophyll and the activity of Rubpase, ATP, SOD and CAT and decreased the content of MDA in leaves, which increased the photosynthetic rate delayed the senescence of leaf, and the plastic film mulch changed the trends of phytohormone content in leaf and tuber root which improved the assimilate transports from leaf to tuber root. The last was that the plastic film mulch increased the ability against insects and pathogens and the stress of saline. And then the problems of plastic film mulch such as the environmental pollution, production reduction and incompatibility between agricultural machinery and agriculture existed in sweet potato production, meanwhile the trends of plastic film mulch was discussed.

  The Advances of Study on the detection methods of ATP 2013, 29 (36):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0253 Abstract + ( 943 )   PDF ( 556308KB )   ( 1094 ) Abstract: Application value of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its hydrolysis compounds (ADP, AMP) are highlights, especially in study of animals and plants, and it is widely used in the field of clinical medical, food, etc. To better graph the study advance of detection technique of ATP in body of animal and plant, this paper illustrates all kinds of extraction and detection methods and application for ATP, which includes the latest ATP detection technology on domestic and overseas, and pointed out that one of the advantages and disadvantages. The HPLC will be still the main stream method for a long time to comein the long term. The paper is lain the foundation for develop more accurate, convenient and rapid detection method in the future. At last, the prospect of the ATP detection technology in the future was carried out..

  The Monitoring Analysis of Paddy Rice Growing Periods in the Western Sichuan Plain Based on SPOT-NDVI 2013, 29 (36):  39-46.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4037 Abstract + ( 693 )   PDF ( 1345670KB )   ( 653 ) The satellite data have been used to monitor the growth status of paddy rice. Because of the complex climate features, whether the method can be applied in Sichuan Basin remains unclear. In this study, the authors investigate the growth status of paddy rice in the western Sichuan plain by using composed ten-day NDVI sequence of SPOT data from 2001 to 2010. The results showed that, the seasonal variation of NDVI sequence of SPOT could accurately reflect the growing periods and the growth status of paddy rice in the western Sichuan plain: each growing period of paddy rice is corresponding to a certain NDVI value. The NDVI value was between 0.5 and 0.6 during the period of paddy rice reviving. The NDVI value reached its peak from the tillering period to stem extension period of paddy rice, up to 0.7-0.8. In booting and sprouting periods, the NDVI declined to 0.6. After that, it decreased rapidly, and was less than 0.4 during the milkripe and mature periods. Based on the results, it could be concluded that, the SPOT NDVI data could depict the growth status of paddy rice in the western Sichuan plain, and could use as one of potential data sources for monitoring the growth status of paddy rice.

  Study on Effect of Different Ration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium on Yield of Direct Seeding Rice 2013, 29 (36):  47-51.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4148 Abstract + ( 890 )   PDF ( 533310KB )   ( 604 ) In order to provide scientific basis of giving rational fertilization on rice NPK fertilizer. Different proportion experiment in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers was used to study the reasonable mixed fertilizing rate of direct seeding rice. To Huanghuazhan as materials, the effects of main agronomic characters and biological characteristics were studied with different levels of NPK fertilizer. The results showed that, different level and rate of fertilizer influenced plant height, effective tillering and seeds per ear in some degree, then the performance in the yield differences was extremely obvious, the importance of the influence on output by three fertilizers were as followed by nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus. Fertilizer recommendations were nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P2O5), potassium (K2O) fertilizer were 224.85 kg/hm2, 31.30 kg/hm2 and 296.45 kg/hm2 respectively under the condition of this experiment.

  Effects of Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide on the growth and physiology of rice seedlings 2013, 29 (36):  52-58.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4209 Abstract + ( 771 )   PDF ( 843271KB )   ( 748 ) In order to investigate the effects of exogenous hydrogen sulfide on rice seedlings growth and development, rice seedlings was treated with different concentrations of NaHS (0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.6、3.2 mmol/L) , a donor of H2S, to find out the responses on physiological and biochemical of rice seedlings and the analysis of principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that rice seedlings treated with low concentration (0.1 ~ 0.8 mmol/L) NaHS exhibited a significant increase in seedling growth (including plant height, root length and biomass), chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and chlorophyll photochemical rate (Fv/Fm). And decreased relative electric permeability of leaves. However, with the increasing of concentration of NaHS, the growth of seedling significantly was suppressed. PCA analysis indicated a distinct separation between control and treated profiles, especially, low concentration (0.1 ~ 0.8 mmol/L) NaHS and the control, and high concentration (1.6 ~ 3.2 mmol/L) NaHS and the control.

  Study on Strain Screening Test of Early Indica Rice Direct Seeding Adaptability 2013, 29 (36):  59-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0692 Abstract + ( 822 )   PDF ( 528219KB )   ( 554 ) To screen the bud stage good cold tolerance, maturity lodging live adaptation of early indica rice germplasm. Studied on 237 different genetic background of early indica rice stable strains of cold resistance during the germination period, identified the growth period, yield and culm traits with lodging properties in the case of direct seeding. The results showed that, 11 new germplasms screened growth period no later than 102 days, leaf blast resistance, cold resistance, live production, and lodging index than the control ‘Jiayu 293’. So screening germplasm sowing varieties adaptability and interoperability will be significantly better than transplanted rice varieties effectively reduce the basic seedling inadequate and late lodging caused damage yield and quality.

  Primary Screening of Salt-tolerant Rice Germplasm in Entire Growth Period 2013, 29 (36):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1221 Abstract + ( 1034 )   PDF ( 1019510KB )   ( 550 ) In order to obtain salt-tolerant rice germplasm during entire growth period, 500 rice varieties from different rice growing region were treated with 0.3% NaCl at seedling stage. Thirty-four rice varieties with their survival rate and green leaf rate exceeding 50% were screened out. The 34 rice varieties and 121 salt-tolerant rice varieties reported previously were then treated with 0.3% NaCl and 0.5% NaCl during entire growth period. Eleven plants from 7 varieties tolerant to 0.3% NaCl were obtained. One plants from one variety tolerant to 0.5% NaCl were obtained. These salt-tolerant varieties provided materials for the study on mechanism of salinity tolerance and cultivar innovation.

  Molecular Analysis on Genetic Effect of Major QTL for Grain Length in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 2013, 29 (36):  69-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1538 Abstract + ( 879 )   PDF ( 541438KB )   ( 579 ) In order to explore the genetic mechanism of grain length in rice, one hundred and thirty recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Milyang 46 and FJCD, and its linkage map including 119 molecular markers were used to map QTL controlling grain length in Wuyishan and Putian of Fujian Province, respectively. A total of 16 additive QTLs containing 7 from Wuyishan and 9 from Putian were identified on chromosomes 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11 and 12. Two QTLs were detected under two environments. The contribution rates for phenotype variance of qGL-4-6 were 5.69% in Wuyishan and 3.58% in Putian. The contribution rates for phenotype variance of qGL-10-1 were 15.82% in Wuyishan and 8.06% in Putian. Of 16 additive QTLs, qGL-5-3 and qGL-10-1 had significant additive × environment interaction effects, while contribution rates for phenotype variance from GE interaction effects were approximately zero.

  Sequence Cloning and Expression Analysis of UCR-14KD from the Common Wheat Line with Three Pistil 2013, 29 (36):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0568 Abstract + ( 764 )   PDF ( 847004KB )   ( 883 ) Three pistils is a mutation in common wheat，it could potentionally increase the number of gains per spike, so it is a valuable mutant for wheat breeding. To study the molecular mechanism of the three pistils mutation in wheat we cloned and characterized the cDNA sequence of TPUCR. Then, the acquired sequence and the amino acids were analyzed and their sequences alignment, secondary structure and functional domains were predicted. Moreover, the TPURD gene was over-expressed in E. coli. The expression patterns of TPURDwere analyzed through real-time quantitative RT-PCR in different developmental stages of young spikes. The open reading frame (ORF) of TPUCR was 381 bp, and it encodes 126 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicates that the deduced amino acid sequence share a high homology with those of other several grain crops. Functional domains analysis indicated that the TPURD contained a conserved domain. Expression analysis indicates that there are higher levels of transcripts in the earlier developmental stages of young spikes. The transcript levels in the young spikes of Chinese Spring three pistils line increased by 4-fold compared with that in the young spikes of the Chinese Spring line. The data provide a basis for further research on function of TPURD, and a rationale for the molecular mechanism of the three pistil mutation in wheat

  Identification of VPM Resistance System in French wheat Germplasm Using Molecular Markers 2013, 29 (36):  80-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4080 Abstract + ( 889 )   PDF ( 584388KB )   ( 577 ) In order to obtain the germplasms containing Lr37-Yr17-Sr38 rust resistance genes and eyespot resistance gene Pch1, VENTRIUP-LN2 and XustSSR2001-7DL markers were used to detect the 118 France wheat germplasm. The results showed that 8 germplasms containing Lr37-Yr17-Sr38 genes, 5 germplasms containing Pch1 gene, and the germplasm NSA98-1417 contained both Lr37-Yr17-Sr38 genes and Pch1 gene. Using these germplasms containing Lr37-Yr17-Sr38 genes and Pch1 gene, VPM resistance system could be transferred into Chinese wheat germplasms.

  Study on the Effect of Cd on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Wheat Seedling at the Action of Si 2013, 29 (36):  84-90.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3928 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 638040KB )   ( 559 ) To provide the theory basis for increased application Si fertilizer for wheat in Cd pollution area, and to clear the influence on each wheat physiological and biochemical index of Cd under the action of Si of different concentration. The water culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Cd on chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme system activity (SOD, POD, CAT), proline content, soluble protein content and MDA content of Triticum aestivuml with different concentrations of Si. The results showed that: at the action of Si (30, 60, 90 mg/L), chlorophyll-a content increased by 74.35%, 100.00% and 116.75%, chlorophyll-b content increased by 64.71%, 48.53% and 83.82%, soluble protein content increased by 5.41%, 14.68% and 21.80%, SOD activity of wheat seedling increased by 269.98%, 222.46% and 139.24% and MDA content droped by 26.79%, 34.82% and 42.86%, alleviating the toxicity of Cd on Triticum aestivuml; at the action of Si (120, 150 mg/L), chlorophyll-b content of Triticum aestivuml compared with the control group showed no significant difference, but chlorophyll-a content increased by 47.64% and 38.74%, soluble protein content increased by 18.28% and 3.48% and MDA content droped by 32.14% and 30.36%, alleviating the toxicity of Cd on Triticum aestivuml; at the action of Si 180 mg/L, MDA content droped, but proline content, soluble protein content of Triticum aestivuml droped. Si of the concentration less than 150 mg/L could alleviate the mischief on the wheat seedlings under the action of cadmium.

  The Effect of Different Sowing Date and Rate on Winter Wheat Grain Quality and Water and Nitrogen Utilization 2013, 29 (36):  91-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3901 Abstract + ( 728 )   PDF ( 545954KB )   ( 533 ) Results are summarized for a field experiment based on the saving irrigation (enough soil moisture before sowing and only one time 75 mm irrigation in jointing stage) with four different sowing date and rates to study the effect of different sowing time and rate on winter wheat grain yield and quality, water and nitrogen use efficiency. The results showed that: the grain yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency on the sowing date of Oct. 10th and Oct. 15th were significantly better than those on Oct. 20th and Oct. 25th, while the grain quality was best in the treatment of Oct. 20th. Taken together, late sowing appropriate critical period should be Oct. 15th to Oct. 20th with the sowing rate of 225-262.5 kg/hm2.

  Study on Group Dynamic Indexes of ‘Luoyu 863’ of Maize 2013, 29 (36):  96-101.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3991 Abstract + ( 728 )   PDF ( 591780KB )   ( 552 ) ‘Luoyu 863’ is Luoyang Academy of Agricultural-Forestry Sciences breeding a high starch type corn varieties, in order to the varieties of high yield cultivation and provide theoretical basis for demonstration and promotion, through the use of field point singling sampling and formula method, the varieties of group dynamic index, in order to clarify the appropriate group production structure and population dynamic target for varieties of high yield cultivation and provide theoretical basis for demonstration and promotion. The results showed that: ‘Luoyu 863’ suitable planting density of 60000 plants/hm2, production structure for 60000 ear/hm2, row number per ear 15.0, kernel number of per row 37.5, 1000 kernels weight 381.5 g, group productivity gets a full play, yield of 12599.4 kg/hm2. Suitable density, the group dynamic index development coordination, leaf area index (LAI) in spinning stage maximum of 5.41, and the stationary phase long, mature was 2.94, make the ‘Luoyu 863’ live stalk mature advantages to get fully embody. The amount of leaf area duration (LAD) reached 335.46×104 m2?d/hm2, in various growing period of distribution were more reasonable. Net assimilation rate and leaf area duration coordination was better. Dry matter accumulation amount 24702.3 kg/hm2, including silking stage after the dry matter accumulation accounted for 60% of all accumulation. Population growth rate (CGR) 247.0 k /(hm2?d). Grouting rate always stay in the reasonable a higher level. Silking stage after the leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), dry matter accumulation and population growth rate (CGR) and the grain yield is closely positive correlation, and can be used as a suitable group of mark.

  Identified Difference Maize Drought Resistance and Yield Factors 2013, 29 (36):  102-108.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0119 Abstract + ( 1005 )   PDF ( 545166KB )   ( 641 ) In order to select the suitable breeding and provide a basis for corn drought resistance, 11 maize varieties were selected in this test, bud seedling by drought-resistant agent and breed in dryland, irrigated land. two ecological environment planting appraisal compare their drought resistance. The results showed that, germination of drought-resistant index, relative germination percentage of ‘Dayu 3’ were the highest, which were 0.92 and 91.91. Seedling stage corn plant height, root length to ‘Dayu 3’ minimum damage rate, followed by ‘Chengyu 23’; ‘Xiuqing74-9’ damage rate most. The results also showed that, ‘Dayu 3’, ‘Chengyu 23’, ‘Zhongdan909’ had the highest drought resistance, they were 1.22, 1.23, 1.07. So ‘Dayu 3’, ‘Chengyu 23’, ‘Zhongdan909’ were suitable to planting in Cangzhou.

  The Investigation and Analysis of Fertilization Rate of Maize in the West Yunnan Province 2013, 29 (36):  109-113.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0223 Abstract + ( 875 )   PDF ( 538319KB )   ( 854 ) In order to guide the farmers' fertilization, the farmer household survey on fertilization of maize was carried out in Eryuan, Longyang and Yongsheng, Yunnan Province. Based on fertilization survey of maize from selecting farmer household and analyzing partial factor productivity (PFP), the results showed that: most of maize fertilization were chemical fertilizer, and only 12.3%-14.2% were organic fertilizer in the West of Yunnan Province. The rates of chemical fertilizer, yield and PEP were 535.0 kg/hm2, 8962.5 kg/hm2 and 23.9 kg/kg in Eryuan, 567.8 kg/hm2, 6986.8 kg/hm2 and 15.5 kg/kg in Longyang, 505.1 kg/hm2 and 7923.2 kg/kg and 24.3 kg/kg in Yongsheng, respectively. Taking 150-250 kg/hm2 as the recommended amount of nitrogen fertilizers, 18.8% of farmer households were in the rational applying rate, and 70.3% surpassed recommended amount of fertilizer. At the same time, when taking 45-135 kg/hm2 as the recommended amount of phosphorus fertilizers, 29.7% of farmer households were lower recommendation, and 20.3% exceed recommend amount. And, 26.6% of farmer households lied in the rational applying rate, 51.6% lower the recommendation if taking 30-90 kg/hm2 as the recommended amount of potassium fertilizer. So the decrease of nitrogen fertilization amount would improve the PFP of nitrogen on maize. The increase of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer input would improve production, to achieve higher PFP of phosphorus and potassium on maize.

  The Study of Different Regions Identification and Breeding Method of Soybean Hybrid Strains 2013, 29 (36):  114-118.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-3962 Abstract + ( 958 )   PDF ( 574237KB )   ( 480 ) In order to study the effect of soybean hybrid heterosis and its stability, to further explore the hybrid soybean breeding method. Through analyzed the first and two yield testing results of 2006-2010 different regions identification, the results showed, hybrid soybean varieties had strong heterosis comparison with conventional varieties through 5 years different regions identification, the yield-increasing effect was obvious. Hybrid soybean yield traits with obvious differences, this was decided by hybrid genetic basis that related to hybrid genetic basis of parents and combining ability. The hybrid yield advantage mainly came from the yield characters of three seed pods number, four seed pods number, pod number per plant, seed number per plant, grain yield per plant, number of branches. This provided basis of new hybrid soybean variety breeding, and the same time, pointed out the hybrid soybean different identification of problems and solutions.

  Screen Test of Peanut Drought Resistant and Barren-tolerant Varieties 2013, 29 (36):  119-124.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1023 Abstract + ( 788 )   PDF ( 490632KB )   ( 513 ) In order to select suitable for upland cropping peanut varieties, introduce domestic production traits such as identification of drought resistance varieties of good. The test results showed that: ‘Guihua 1026’ was the only variety that its yield was higher than local variety ‘Quanhua 7’ in all tested varieties, the remaining varieties all showed yield reduction, pod yield was yield reduction of 2.32% to 54.25%, seed yield was yield reduction of 5.29% to 50.38%. The correlations indicated that number of branches, the number of effective branches and pod number per kg had significant negative correlation with pod yield, number of fruit setting had significant positive correlation with pod yield on poor dry land, other traits except 100 kernels weight had positive correlation with pod yield.

  The Correlation Analysis Between Productivity Per Plant and Major Agronomic Traits of Peanut 2013, 29 (36):  125-130.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0280 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 628685KB )   ( 511 ) To understand the effects of major agronomic traits on the productivity per plant in peanut, the combined methods with phenotypic correlation analysis and grey relation analysis were used to analyze the relationship between 12 agronomic traits and productivity per plant of 126 varieties from 5 countries. The results showed that, pods per plant and sound pods per plant had the largest influence to productivity per plant, No. of pod branches and 100-kernel weight had a second influence to productivity per plant. While plant height, length of subbranches, shelling percentage and pods per kilogram had a little influence to productivity per plant. But phenotypic correlation coefficients, genetic correlation coefficients and environmental correlation coefficients were basically consistent with values between pods per plant, sound pods per plant, No. of pod branches and productivity per plant. Environmental correlation coefficients (0.185) was significantly smaller than phenotypic correlation coefficients (0.521), genetic correlation coefficients (0.650) between 100-kernel weight and productivity per plant. Moreover, from heritability in the broad sense of single trait view, heritability in the broad sense with pods per plant, sound pods per plant and No. of pod branches were less than 50%, yet heritability in the broad sense of 100-kernel weight was 88.8%. Overall, when breeding new variety was prior to choose kernel were weightier. Then we should consider these varieties with higher pods per plant, sound pods per plant and No. of pod branches. Moreover, we should take into account environment factor effect on pods per plant, sound pods per plant and No. of pod branches when breeding new peanut varieties with high yield by these traits.

  Genetic Variation and Selection Strategy of First Pod Height in F2 Generation of Adzuki Bean 2013, 29 (36):  131-135.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0235 Abstract + ( 792 )   PDF ( 656088KB )   ( 503 ) To explore the genetic variation of the first pod height in F2 generation of four hybrid combination, five parent materials of adzuki bean with different first pod height were used. The results showed that abundant variations existed in this generation of each combination; Small part of materials of higher first pod height were found in F2 generation of three combinations which has high first pod height parent. More rigid selection in the early generation could been conducted for high heritability of 62.48%-74.49%. In terms of their genetic advance, The first pod height had the potential to raise 5cm in F2 generation of this three combination. The results also showed that the first pod height had good stability under different environmental conditions. Though the trait of first section height in the hybrid generations, indirect evaluation to this trait could been used during 9-18 days after seeding. This paper discussed the influences of the fertilization and the links of sowing technology on the first pod height.

  Analysis on Combining and Heritability Ability of New Selected Glutinous Sorghum Male Sterility Lines 2013, 29 (36):  136-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0448 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 448140KB )   ( 602 ) The purpose was to select glutinous sorghum with high combining ability and heritability, and to improve crossbreeding efficiency, to provide a theoretic basis for breeding good parents and making up strong and excellent combinations during hybrid glutinous sorghum breeding. The 9 crossing combinations were made by three sterility lines and three restoring lines with the method of non-complete diallel crossing model. Combining ability and the genetic effects of 6 characters on plant height, ear length, weight per spike, growth period, 1000 grain weight, production were analyzed by DPS data statistics. The results showed that, in the three sterility lines, 11476A2 exhibited the highest general combining ability in plant height, ear length and growth period. With the relative volume of effectiveness were 2.5572, 2.4284, 0.6792. 11494A2 exhibited the highest general combining ability in weight per spike, production. With the relative volume of effectiveness were 5.7165, 4.8505. They had higher application potential in breeding and production. The order of ratio of additive genetic variance to genotype variance was: plant height > weight per spike > 1000 grain weight > production > ear length > growth period. As to yield traits, 11476A2×L17 was better heterotic pattern.

  Identification of Potato virus Y Strains in Infected Potato Plants by Pyrosequencing 2013, 29 (36):  140-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2442 Abstract + ( 1014 )   PDF ( 1368580KB )   ( 580 ) In order to test whether pyrosequencing of short sequences can be applied to identify Potato virus Y (PVY) strains, thirty whole PVY genome sequences representing nine PVY strains were retrieved from the NCBI database. Sequences of their P1 and CP proteins were compared and a distinctly different region was found out from the sequence of each protein. Both regions were used to design primers for reverse transcription, PCR and pyrosequencing. Two potato leaf samples were collected from Keshan and Nehe of Heilongjiang Province of China. Total RNA was extracted. Reverse transcription and PCR were carried out. The PCR products were applied as templates for pyrosequencing. The pyrosequencing results showed that both leaf samples were infected by PVYN-Wi. This research confirms that the primers we designed can be utilized to identify PVY strains in infected potato plants by pyrosequencing of short sequences.

  Studied on the Influence Factors of Yield Per Plant on Pre-elite Virus-free Potato in Sichuan 2013, 29 (36):  147-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4036 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 467234KB )   ( 548 ) The study was carried out to test the planting density, planting time and seedling source three factors influence the original seed yield per plant. The results showed that, different cuttings density had obvious influence on yield per plant, the results of variance analysis extremely reached significantly, planted 400 seedlings per square density resulted the highest yield per plant, 2.5 grain, planting density was too low or too high yield per plant decreased significantly. Different planting time also had obvious influence on yield per plant, the optimum planting time for March 15 to April 1 in Sichuan, too early or too late to plant yield per plant will reduce. The yield per plant of the tube plantlet was equal to those of cutting stock, microtuber had the highest yield per plant, reach to 3.5 grains. The choice of an appropriate planting density, master planting time and use the appropriate source of seedlings was the basic to increase the total output of the Pre-elite in large-scale Pre-elite virus-free potato production enterprise.

  Correlation of Cytological Development Period and Morphological Characteristics of Flower Organ of Angelica dahurica 2013, 29 (36):  151-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4142 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 1250870KB )   ( 448 ) Objective: The paper focused on the relationship between the microspore development and the morphological characteristics of the buds and anthers of three Angelica dahurica new lines, in order to judge the microspore developmental stage directly based on the morphological characteristics of the buds and anthers. Methods: The phenol magenta was selected for staining observation to A. dahurica microspore, then the developmental cytology, the relevance between the microspore development and the length of flower stalk, the diameter of bud, the length of anther and the color of bud and anther had been studied. Results: Microspore of A. dahurica developed at five stages: tetrad, early uninucleate, late-uninucleate, binucleate,trinucleate and developed at five stages: tetrad, early uninucleate, late-uninucleate, binucleate, trinucleate and each stage demonstrated distinctive characteristics. Microspore development also had correlation to the morphological characteristics of buds and the color of anther of the three A. dahurica lines. Among them, CX08-2 had the longest flower stalk, the diameter bud and the length of anther，then B-2, B-6 had the shortest. The length of flower stalk, the diameter of bud and the length of anther of late-uninucleate period had no significant difference with the adjacent period. The color of petal, dehisce or not and the color of anther could be the direct reference for anther culture. Conclusion: The microspore development period of A. dahurica. could be identified according to the floral organ morphology, it provided the foundation for selecting the best optimal explants sampling time for anther culture.

  Effects of Salt Stresses on the Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Helianthus tuberosus Seedlings in Yellow River Delta 2013, 29 (36):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0221 Abstract + ( 793 )   PDF ( 682588KB )   ( 845 ) Field experiments were carried out to study effects of middle and low salt stresses on the biomass and physicological characteristics of different varieties of Helianthus tuberosus (‘Laiyu’, ‘Nanyu1’, ‘Anhui’) seedlings in Yellow River Delta. The results showed that, under middle salt stress, the height as well as biomass of the roots and aerial parts of all kinds of seedlings were lower than those under low salt stress, and Laiyu was higher than the others in biomass of the roots and aerial parts under both middle and low salt stress. Middle salt stress reduced the contents of leaf chlorophyll and protein to a certain extent. Laiyu was higher than others in the content of leaf chlorophyll under low salt stress, at the same time, Nanyu 1 was the highest under middle salt stress. Nanyu 1 was higher than others in the content of leaf protein under both middle and low salt stress. Middle salt stress increased the activities of SOD and POD, and increased the content of MDA and praline. Anhui was the highest in the content of MDA under both middle and low salt stress, Nanyu 1 was the highest in the content of praline under middle salt stress. In the climate conditions of Yellow River Delta, Laiyu seedling was most vigorous in mild saline-soil, meanwhile ‘Nanyu1 seedling was most vigorous in moderate saline-soil.

  Study on the Drought Monitoring Based on RS Evapotranspiration Model in Shanxi Province 2013, 29 (36):  160-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1082 Abstract + ( 812 )   PDF ( 1254998KB )   ( 605 ) In order to study the application effect of drought monitoring model based on evapotranspiration in Shanxi Province, and provide a data base for the disaster prevention and mitigation. The author monitored drought based on SEBS model in Shanxi Province with remote sensing date from FY3A/3B and FY2E satellite, and meteorological date from automatic meteorological station. The results showed that: this method improved the monitoring accuracy, which was slightly higher than the measured results on the area and extent of the drought, the CWSI reflected the influence of precipitation to soil moisture, and it had a certain practical significance to drought monitoring in Shanxi Province.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Microbial 2013, 29 (36):  167-171.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0330 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 512376KB )   ( 652 ) Nitrogen significantly affects the growth and the quality of tobacco, which absorb the most nitrogen fertilizer from the soil. The physical and chemical properties of the soil and the soil microbial will change according to the different amount of nitrogen, which directly affect the growth and development of the tobacco. An experiment with two different levels of nitrogen 131kg/hm2 (model1,the normal level of nitrogen, CK)and 168kg/hm2(model2)respectively, was conducted to examine the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer on soil physical and chemical properties and soil microbial in Yunyan87, which was widely planted in Southwest of China, in Pengshui county of Chongqing, China. On the whole, model2 can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, such as improving soil organic matter, available potassium and phosphorus content, but has a low level of available nitrogen. In addition, compared with the mode1, in the 75th day after transplanting, mode2 significantly reduce the soil pH. The improvement of soil properties contribute to increasing the number of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi.ect, which will be good for decomposition and improving soil quality.

  Research on Cultivated Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential in the Heihe Oasis 2013, 29 (36):  172-177.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0294 Abstract + ( 749 )   PDF ( 782986KB )   ( 520 )

  Effect of Different Soil Amendments on Root Activity and Yield of Rice in Cold Spring Paddy Soils 2013, 29 (36):  182-187.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4178 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 647285KB )   ( 600 ) In order to solve the problem of rice root slow growth and root premature decay in late stage. On the basis of the open ditch drainage, experiment was conducted to study the effects of different soil amendments (self-developed desulphurization ash amendment, biomass charcoal, lime, silico-calcium fertilizer, humic acid) on root activity, biomass, root shoot ratio, the flux of N, P, K in bleeding sap and rice yield in south typical cold spring paddy soils. The results showed that, treatments with amendments, except for lime, significantly increased the intensity of bleeding sap, root shoot ratio, biomass and enhanced the flux of N, P, K in bleeding sap. Treatments with desulphurization amendment and biomass charcoal increased the intensity of bleeding sap most. Compared with CK, the flux of P in bleeding sap increased by 29.60% and 19.70% respectively during filling stage. The root shoot ratio of treatment with desulphurization ash increased by 31.6% compared to CK at mid-tillering stage. Different soil amendments could improve rice yield of cold waterlogged paddy field. Besides, the effect of yield increase would increase with the application of amendments. To sum up, amendments of desulphurization ash amendment and biomass charcoal could be the optimal choice for cold waterlogged paddy field.

  Effects of Different Fertilizing Modes on the Early Rice’s Economic Traits, Yield and Economic Benefits 2013, 29 (36):  188-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0242 Abstract + ( 795 )   PDF ( 522959KB )   ( 450 ) In this paper, we had studied the influence of fertilization modes on the economic traits, yield and economic benefits of early rice. Three treatments of soil testing for formulated fertilization, conventional fertilization and control were set to evaluate the effect of fertilization on early rice, which were implemented under field conditions from 2008 to 2012 in 13 counties (cities, districts) of Ji’an City, Jiangxi Province. The results showed that: except the seeding rate of control, the soil testing for fertilizer recommendation reflected more obvious advantages than both conventional fertilization and control. The soil testing for formulated fertilization had the highest yield, averagely reached 7020.2 kg/km2, which was higher than conventional fertilization and control with 463.8 kg/km2 and 2723.8 kg/km2, respectively. The soil testing for formulated fertilization achieved the best economic results, averagely reaching 13308.2 yuan/km2, which increased 849.6 yuan/km2 and 4056.0 yuan/km2 compared with conventional fertilization and control. The results demonstrated that soil testing for formulated fertilization was the best fertilization mode, and was more suitable for the local promotion and application.

  Effects of Planting Density and Fertilizer-N Application Rates on the Source-sink Characteristics of the Super Hybrid Indica Rice ‘Zhunliangyou 527’ Under the Mechanized Transplanting Conditions 2013, 29 (36):  194-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1151 Abstract + ( 1322 )   PDF ( 623125KB )   ( 472 ) To ascertain the source-sink characteristics of super hybrid indica rice under conditions of different machine inserted density and fertilizer-N application rates. Effects of density and fertilizer-N application rates on the source-sink characteristics of super hybrid indica rice ‘Zhunliangyou 527’ under mechanized transplanting conditions were studied in 2012. Results showed that, with the application rate of fertilizer-N improved, crop growth rate (CGR) from transplanting to booting and from heading to maturity stage and total CGR and leaf area index (LAI) at heading stage and photosynthetic potential and leaf area rate from jointing to heading stage increased gradually, total quantity of leaf source (TQLS) from jointing to booting stage and total amount of spikelets and total sink potential rose had the same regular pattern, whereas ratio of highly and effective leaf area in total leaf area and grain-leaf ratio were just the opposite, at the same time, CGR and net assimilation rate and TQLS from booting to heading stage and single stem-sheath weight and relative content of chlorophyll and interception rate of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) decreased gradually when the application rate was over 150 kg/hm2. With the planting density decreased, CGR from jointing to heading stage and total CGR and relative content of chlorophyll at booting stage and ratio of highly and effective leaf area in total leaf area increased gradually, and photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate and TQLS from jointing to booting stage and total amount of spikelets and total sink potential rose also raised, while CGR from heading to maturity stage and net assimilation rate from booting to heading stage were just the reversed, moreover, biggest LAI and TQLS from booting to heading stage and interception rate of PAR and relative content of chlorophyll at heading stage and single stem-sheath weight at jointing stage and grain-leaf ratio decreased when density was below 20.83×104 hills/hm2. Ratio of filled spiketlets and leaf area was negatively correlated with 1000-full grain weight at the significant level of P0.05, while there was a significantly positive correlation relation between the ratio of filled spiketlets and leaf area and seed setting rate, and also biggest leaf area index and total amount of spikelets and 1000-full grain weight and total sink potential rose was positively correlated with rice yield at the significant level of P0.05, respectively. The quality of the source-sink of super hybrid indica ‘Zhunliangyou527’ was gradually improved with the amount of nitrogen fertilizer improved and the machine inserted density reduced, the quality of the source-sink would be decreased and rice yield also would be reduced if an excess the nitrogen fertilizer was conducted and the machine inserted density was too high or low.

  The First Season of Ratooning Rice and Middle-season Rice Utilization Rate of Fertilizer Comparison and Application Study 2013, 29 (36):  205-209.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1528 Abstract + ( 653 )   PDF ( 500394KB )   ( 416 ) In order to study the effect of fertilization on the first ratoon of rice and the middle-season rice, the comparison of the similarities and differences between the two, the discussion on technical ways to improve fertilizer use efficiency by rice cultivation measures, for the first ratoon of rice and the middle-season rice use efficiency of comparative test. The results showed that: nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium the first ratoon of rice absorption utilization rate than the middle-season rice increased by 15.1, 6.1, 27.9 percentage points; nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium agronomy efficiency increased by 80.4%, 163.2%, 60%; comparison of yield of different proportion fertilizer contribution rate, all two to 3 elements combination was the best, 2 elements in nitrogen coordination group was significantly higher than no nitrogen distribution group, performance for the N+K > N+P > P+K, the yield compared with formula fertilization, the first ratoon rice to increase the output of 719 kg/hm2 than the middle-season rice, output value increases 1537 yuan/hm2. Ratooning rice cultivation the effect of fertilization to improve, adds a harvest, the broad prospects of development.

  Nitrogen Application Technique of Ratoon Rice with Machine Harvest in Low Cutting 2013, 29 (36):  210-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1394 Abstract + ( 864 )   PDF ( 523520KB )   ( 544 ) In order to adapt to the change of growth characteristics of ratoon tiller with the main rice harvested by machine in low cutting, the nitrogen application rates and dates were set. And the nitrogen application technique in ratoon season was studied by observing and analyzing tillers, yield and its component. The results showed that, the economic nitrogen fertilizer application amounts was 180 kg/hm2 in ratoon season. The method of early promoting fertilization and fractionated application panicle fertilizer and grain fertilizer in middle may effectively promote the germination of effective tillering and its development of ear and grain, significantly increased yield.

  Application of Sunscan canopy analysis system in measuring leaf area index of wheat 2013, 29 (36):  215-218.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0080 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 580445KB )   ( 569 ) Sunscan canopy analysis system is an important instrument for indirectly measuring leaf area index (LAI), wcich is simple ,fast and without damage to the plants. The objective of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of the Sunscan canopy analysis system measuring LAI (Sunscan-LAI) in the field, comparing to the conventional destructive-LAI by hand. There is a good relationship between the Sunscan-LAI and the destructive-LAI(r2=0.59-0.86). In the later season raise the measurement location of the probe can reduce the influence of the yellow leaves because the yellow leaves in the bottom layer may intercept the radiation and make the value of Sunscan-LAI increased.

  Effects of Exogenous Cytokinin on Maize Yield Characteristics 2013, 29 (36):  219-223.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4026 Abstract + ( 1306 )   PDF ( 1496486KB )   ( 1438 ) In this experiment, the effect of cytokinin on maize yield characteristics by spraying of exogenous different concentrations of cytokinin at heading was studied. The results indicated that, fresh weight of single ear maize showed stable after the first rise, compared with the control, which was significantly better; maize plants of cytokinin treatment were relatively taller, and had thicker stems, while the areas of ear leaves were larger, and chlorophyll and soluble protein content were also significantly increased, and productions too. And the best treatment was 8 mg/L cytokinin, compared with control, plant height, the ear nodal width increased by 10.3%, 14.5%, respectively. In addition, chlorophyll and soluble protein content improved by 11.9%, 49.9%. Therefore, kernle number per plant and 1000-kernel weight increased by 32.9% and 23.8%. These suggested that cytokinin could delay leaf senescence of maize and enhance lodging resistance and boost the field.

  Effects of Different Irrigation and Fertilization Methods on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Spring Corn 2013, 29 (36):  224-227.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0245 Abstract + ( 808 )   PDF ( 488458KB )   ( 356 ) In order to make clear the application effects of different methods of irrigation and fertilization on spring corn, ‘Zhengdan 958’ was used as the plant material, and effects of four different methods of irrigation and fertilization (Rain-fed; Conventional irrigation and fertilization; drip irrigation and fertilization and 1/2 drip irrigation and fertilization) on plant height, root, yield and water use efficiency of ‘Zhengdan 958’ were studied. The results indicated that: under the condition of natural rainfall, drip irrigation and fertilization could significantly promote root growth and development, and also had a greater impact on the above-ground growth of ‘Zhengdan 958’ at its early growth stage. Under the same fertilization amount, drip irrigation and fertilization would be more helpful to increase the number of ears and grain number per spike, resulting in the increase of grain yield. Under the amount of irrigation (675 m3/hm2) using drip irrigation and fertilization, half amount of water was saved compared with conventional method of irrigation and fertilization; yield achieved 11310 kg/hm2, with the increasing amount of 420 kg/hm2 and water use efficiency achieved 2.2 kg/m3, with the increasing amount of 0.26 kg/m3. Therefore, the technique of drip irrigation and fertilization has a better application prospects on spring corn cultivation. And this technique could be further promoted under permitted conditions.

  Effects of Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer on Growth and Yield and Benefit of Corn 2013, 29 (36):  228-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0299 Abstract + ( 815 )   PDF ( 460950KB )   ( 643 ) For the purpose of the application of controlled release nitrogen the best dosage. Under field condition, set six treatments, T1 no fertilizer, T2 conventional fertilization (basal dressing), T3 conventional urea (basal dressing + topdressing), T4 controlled release urea 100%, T5 controlled release urea 90%, T6 controlled release urea 80%. A study on the effects of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield and benefit of corn, the results showed that controlled release nitrogen treatment to improve the corn plant height, the ground of biomass. From jointing to maturity, the dry matter weight of controlled release urea treatment T4, T5 higher than common urea treatment, and the largest T5. Controlled release nitrogen fertilizer reasonable dosage increased corn stem diameter, grain number per panicle, reduce the corn bald tip length, so as to improve production, and the highest yield T5 processing, 8637.6 kg/hm2, and nitrogen production increased by 16.7%, compared with conventional fertilization (basal dressing) production increased by 9.5%, the difference compared to significant level. From the output and economic benefit analysis, T5 processing was an ideal choice fertilizer use.

  Effects of Drought on the Growth and Yield of Maize at Different Stage 2013, 29 (36):  232-235.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0406 Abstract + ( 1085 )   PDF ( 523138KB )   ( 691 ) The objective of the experiment was to clarify the effect of drought on the growth and yield of maize at different stage, maize cultivar (‘Xundan 20’) were grew in fields, for water control processing in jointing to heading stage and heading to milk stage. To control soil moisture in the field, respectively is 40% (severe drought) of water holding capacity and 60% (light drought), with natural growth (CK1) for comparison, analysis of the different development stages of different degrees of drought on maize growth and yield influence. The results indicated that, different periods of drought had a negative effect on the growth of maize, for example, shorter plant height and smaller leaf area and reduced dry matter weight. The maize ear length, grain number per ear and 100-kernel weight reduced at different periods of drought. Compared with the CK1, when the maize suffered severe drought from jointing to heading periods, the plant height and leaf area at milk ripe stage decreased by 26.1% and 30.9%, respectively, the ear length, grain number per ear and 100-kernel weight decreased by 27.6%, 46.5% and 8.7%. When the maize suffered severe drought from heading to milk ripe periods, the plant height and leaf area at milk ripe stage decreased by 21.7% and 23.6%, respectively, the ear length, grain number per ear and 100-kernel weight decreased by36.1%, 60.5% and 30.2%. Drought was a key factor that restricted the maize yield. The severe drought from heading to milk ripe stage would seriously decrease the yield of maize.

  Effect of Sulfur on the Accumulation of Fatty Acid in Different Soybean Varieties 2013, 29 (36):  236-240.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4097 Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 703501KB )   ( 463 ) In order to improve the soybean fatty acid content, improve the quality of soybean, through the use of sulfur, reveal the influence of different genotypes of soybean fatty acid content and search for of the best sulfur level of the 3 genotypes. 3 soybean varieties (‘Heinong48’, high-protein cultivar; ‘Heinong37’, middle cultivar; and ‘Heinong44’, high-oil cultivar) grown more in Heilongjiang Province were investigated. The soybean seeds were planted in pots. 4 levels of sulfur (S) treatment were designed, which were S1, S2, S3 and S4 (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 g of sulfur per kilogram of soil). Used gas chromatography, the content of the mature soybean fatty acid was determined. It showed that: the fatty acid content of three genotypes of soybean seed were all increased. The same treatment for different varieties of NH44 content increased obviously, with the same variety S3 under different conditions of fatty acid content increased obviously. Under S3 condition, a small amount of myristic acid appeared in HN37 and HN48 grain; linoleic acid and stearic acid content of HN44 grain was much higher than other varieties; the content of oleic acid showed the highest in the HN48 grain; there was no significant difference between α-linolenic acid and palmitic acid content of HN44, HN48 and HN37 grain. Application of sulfur on 3 varieties of soybean fatty acid content had important influence, the suitable treatment of sulfur could improve soybean fatty acid content.

  Effect of Sulfur on the Content of Dietary fiber in Different Soybean Varieties 2013, 29 (36):  241-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0302 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 597671KB )   ( 460 ) Sulfur is one of important constituents in organisms. It is closely related to metabolism of soybean dairy fiber, so the proper sulfur dose in fertilizer is important for improving soybean nutrient and quality. For evaluating the effect of different sulfur dose on dairy fiber in various soybean gene type,Three soybean varieties in Heilongjiang ( ‘Heinong-37’, middle cultivar; ‘Heinong-44’, high-oil cultivar and ‘Heinong-48’, high-protein cultivar) were investigated. The soybean seeds were planted in pots. 4 levels of sulfur (S) treatment weredesigned, which were S1, S2, S3 and S4 (0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 g of sulfur per kilogram of soil). The content of total Dietary fiber in different soybean varieties was determined by enzyme-weight measurement. The results showed that, the content of total Dietary fiber under the same variety of different treatment, HN48 and HN44 treatment was significantly higher than that of S3, HN37 in S2 processing under the highest content; same deal with the different varieties of soybean total Dietary fiber content, under the S1-S4 treatment HN48 was significantly highest, and then HN37 and HN44. Under different treatments in different soybean varieties, the content of total Dietary fiber in HN37 S3 was the highest. These findings suggested that Sulfur affected the total content of Dietary fiber in the three soybean varieties, and appropriate amounts of S fertilization might contribute to improving the content of Dietary fiber.

  Influence of Sowing Dates on Developmental Progress of Different Seed-size Peanut Cultivars and the Relationship with Meteorological Eco-factors 2013, 29 (36):  246-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2262 Abstract + ( 614 )   PDF ( 528852KB )   ( 449 ) In order to study the influence of sowing date to different seed-type seeds of peanut cultivars’ development rate and the relationship with meteorological eco-factors, this study used two randomized factor to design the experiment. The comparison was tested by four varieties of peanuts including small seeds, medium seeds, medium-large seeds and large seeds and five different sowing times. The results showed that: four varieties of peanuts’ early and mid-season development progress were extremely significantly or significantly influenced by sowing date, weather conditions were similar in the late development stage, so the development days during this time was similar between four varieties of peanuts. The decisive meteorological ecological factor to the days of sowing to emergence was total accumulated the temperature, the second factor was the temperature index, While the influences of precipitation and sunshine time was not significant. The days of emergence to flowering stage is decisived by the temperature index and total accumulated temperature, followed by precipitation and sunshine hours. The decisive meteorological ecological factors to the days of whole development stages were temperature index, total accumulated temperature and sunshine hours,the influence of precipitation effect was not significant.

  Effect of Different Plant Density on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Sorghum 2013, 29 (36):  253-258.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-2038 Abstract + ( 1300 )   PDF ( 609265KB )   ( 477 ) In order to determine the relationships between plant density and agronomic and economic properties, and nutrient uptake of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. An experiment with a sorghum variety ‘Jinza No. 23’ was conducted to investigate the effects of plant density on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of sorghum under field conditions. The experiment design was the randomized complete block with 3 replications. 4 plant densities (45000, 75000, 105000, 135000 plants/hm2) were employed. The results showed that, plant height of sorghum was significantly increased, and stem diameter was significantly thinned, leaf area and dry matter weight per plant were significantly declined as plant density increased. Grain yield increased with plant density increasing at the ranges of 45000 plants/hm2 to 75000 plants/hm2. The panicle number per unit area was significantly increased when plant density increased from 45000 plants/hm2 to 105000 plants/hm2. Grain number per panicle decreased as plant density increased. 1000-grain weight was not influenced by plant density variety. The total amount of N and K uptake were not significantly influenced by plant density except for P. The uptake of P and K in grain was markedly declined as plant density was increased from 105000 plants/hm2 to 135000 plants/hm2, whereas N uptake in grain was significantly affected by plant density. Unlike N and P, the major portion of K was contained in the vegetative parts and little in the heads. Correlation analysis revealed that the relationships between plant density and plant height, biomass, grain yield and panicle number per unit area were significant and positive correlation. Whereas the relationships between plant density and stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight per plant, economic index, grain number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight were significant and negative correlation. The current study indicates that plant density is closely linked with sorghum main agronomic and economic traits and nutrient uptake. It plays a very important role in the cultivation of high yield and high efficiency in sorghum.

  Effect of Irrigation and Nitrogen Supply on Photosynthetic Characters and Yield of Broomcorn Millet 2013, 29 (36):  259-267.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0617 Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 643728KB )   ( 453 ) Water and fertilizer has become the main restrictive factors of dryland agriculture development at present. In the arid and semi-arid area, the study about irrigation and nitrogen supply on photosynthetic characters and yield of crops can provide some theoretical guidance for high yield, stable yield in dryland crop. The effects of irrigation and nitrogen application on photosynthetic characters and yield of broomcorn millet was studied in a pot experiment. ‘5283 huang’ and ‘Jinshu 5’ two varieties of proso were experimental materials. Two factors including 3 irrigation levels and 3 nitrogen fertilizer levels were set up. The results indicated that, chlorophyll content, Fv/Fo, Fv/Fm, photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate increased with increasing nitrogen supply at equivalent moisture. The capacity of the leaves for photosynthesis was enhanced. In different treatments, photosynthetic rate, Gs concentration, Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm increased first then decreased with the growth period increased, changing trends were low-high-low, jointing stage was reached to the maximum value. Chlorophyll content, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance increased with the growth period increased, heading stage was reached to the maximum value. Degree of victim about the treatments under severe moisture stress was significantly higher than the other moisture treatments. Degree of victim about the treatments that had no nitrogen fertilizer were significantly higher the other amount of nitrogen, and ‘Jinshu 5’ were more sensitive to water and nitrogen. Under severe water stress and moderate water stress, adverse the nitrogen fertilizer supply could ease drought stress. At the same time, adverse the amount of water could improve photosynthesis of leaves of proso, delay leaf senescence, conducive to crop to maintain photosynthesis in photosynthetic larger area and longer time in areas where lack of nutrients, it could also improved kernel characteristics and increase grain number and increased production.

  Effects of Different Fertigation Methods on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Potato 2013, 29 (36):  268-272.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0623 Abstract + ( 796 )   PDF ( 503417KB )   ( 528 ) As the fourth grain crop, it is important to improve the yield of potato and water and fertilizers resource use efficiency for meeting food demand and environmental sustainability. For exploring a way of efficient fertigation on potato, field plot trials were conducted to study the effects of different irrigation methods (drip irrigation, micro-irrigation and traditional irrigation) and different fertilizer rates (525, 600, 675, 750 kg/hm2) on potato yield and water use efficiency. The results showed that, drip irrigation significantly increase the seedling rate of potato from 85% of traditional irrigation treatment to 95%. Under the same amount of the fertilizer, drip irrigation increased potato yield and partial factor productivity of applied fertilizer. Compared to the traditional irrigation, drip irrigation saved 37% water and 55% fertilizer with the same yield. In conclusion, the drip irrigation is appropriate for increasing potato yield and improving the water use efficiency.

  Application of Fan Test Design in Detection of Crop Density 2013, 29 (36):  273-280.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4016 Abstract + ( 849 )   PDF ( 1353078KB )   ( 796 ) In order to test the feasibility of the fan test design used in detecting crop density, and determine the optimum planting density of a new faba bean variety ‘Tongcanxian No.8’ in chongqing,the fan test design was be used in the two year repeated test. The results showed that the fan test design in application of detecting faba bean density was feasible. The optimum planting density rage of ‘Tongcanxian No.8’ was 86805-106110 plants per hectare. While the density was 93615 plants per hectare, yield of faba bean reached the highest level.

  The study on detection technology and survival competitiveness of transgenic Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab cotton and transgenicCry1Ac plus EPSPS cotton under the pressure of Verticillium dahliae 2013, 29 (36):  281-286.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4198 Abstract + ( 737 )   PDF ( 582897KB )   ( 449 ) This test is to establish a new environmental safety evaluation technology for transgenic cotton in the national project of “12th Five-Year Plan”,which is aim at cultivating new variety of transgenic organism. The objects of this test are transgenic Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab cotton and transgenic Cry1Ac plus EPSPS cotton, the CK are ganmian za No.1 and ganmian No.11, The former is the hybrid cotton, the latter is non-transgenic cotton.The test is carried out at garden of Verticillium Wilt by the methord which is different from disease-resistant identification,detect incidence of Verticillium dahliae, growth and productioncompetitiveness of the two transgenic bivalent gene cotton.The resistance to verticillium wilt of two objects is not significantly stronger than the two CK; the height and coverage competitiveness of transgenic Cry1Ac plus EPSPS cotton are relatively strong, that of transgenic Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab cotton are relatively weak; the boll number and fruit branch layer of transgenicCry1Ac plus EPSPS cotton are more than CK,and that of transgenic Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab cotton are less than CK;the drop rate of two objects is not significantly with two CK, seed cotton and lint yield of transgenic Cry1Ac plus EPSPS cotton are betweentne two CK,and that of transgenic Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab cotton are lower than two CK. The results show that the planting feasibility of transgenic Cry1Ac plus Cry2Ab cotton is relatively poor, and transgenic Cry1Ac plus EPSPS cotton is general.

  Genetics and Functional Properties of Sugar Transporters in Plants 2013, 29 (36):  287-294.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0117 Abstract + ( 1102 )   PDF ( 1320232KB )   ( 1456 )

  Advance in the Fertility Restorer Gene of Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Plant 2013, 29 (36):  295-301.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0861 Abstract + ( 944 )   PDF ( 514590KB )   ( 640 ) Heterosis has been widely used in agricultural production, which relies mainly on the cytoplasmic male sterility System. Cytoplasmic male sterility "three-lines” are the basic materials for hybrid breeding. Breeding for the strong restorer line is very complicated and restoring ability can only be identified by testcross with the male sterile line, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Therefore, researchers do a lot of studies on the fertility restorer gene. This paper summarizes the restorer gene structural features, mechanism of action, mode of inheritance, gene mapping and cloning research and concluded that with the development of second-generation sequencing technology, it can be used the whole genome re-sequencing and RNA-seq technologies to develop new molecular markers for fine mapping of genes, or directly cloning restorer genes. It will play an important role to marker-assisted breeding and production of new restorer lines by genetic engineering. It also will lay a foundation for exploring the fertility restoration mechanism by studying the inheritance, evolution and characteristics of restorer gene.

  Transformation of Arabidopsis thaliana with Haloxylon ammodendron HaPrxQ Gene 2013, 29 (36):  302-305.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1709 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 899962KB )   ( 674 ) HaPrxQ is an important regulatory factor involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species. In this paper, the full length HaPrxQ gene from the genomic DNA of Haloxylon ammodendron was isolated with PCR technique using primers designed according to the published sequence. To identify potential function of this gene in plant, expression vector pCAMBIA2300-HaPrxQ was constructed, and then transformed into Arabidopsis thaliana by Agrobacterium-mediated in florescence infection method. T0 transgenic seeds were screened by MS plate containing Kanamycin. 9 positive transgenic seedlings were identified by PCR, providing material for further studies on the function of HaPrxQ gene and its interaction with other genes in plants.

  Selection and Construction of Composite Consortia System for Degrading Straw and Its Capability of Degradation 2013, 29 (36):  306-312.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1489 Abstract + ( 672 )   PDF ( 1014375KB )   ( 420 ) To construct a composite consortia system with higher capacity of degrading straw, two high-yield cellulose-producing fungal strains were combined with two white rot fungal strains producing high-yield ligninase into different groups. Through measuring activity of cellulase and ligninase from various combinations, optimal composite consortia system with synergistic function is produced by the activity level of screening. And effects of pH on enzyme activity of the optimal composite consortia system are studied. The results showed that, the optimal composite consortia system was the combination of Cladosporium sp GC2-2, Lentinula lateritia 939 and Auricularia polytricha 916-1 in the ratio of 1:2:2. The enzyme produced by this consortium had a high tolerance for a wide pH range and showed high activity in both alkaline and acidic conditions. The composite consortia system has comprehensive enzymatic characteristics which have potential in the application of agricultural straw waste.

  Composition and distribution of endophytic fungi in Cannabis sativa L. 2013, 29 (36):  313-318.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0301 Abstract + ( 848 )   PDF ( 699717KB )   ( 583 ) [Objective] This study is to research for the composition and distribution of endophytic fungi in Yunnan hemp 1. [Method][Result]531 endophytic fungi strains (138 from stem; 393 from leaf) were isolated from stem and leaf samples of industrial hemp (Yunnan hemp 1) collected from different sites, and identified by morphological and molecular methods. The isolated endophytic fungi were divided into 29 genera (22 genera from stem; 24 genera from leave),of which 18 genera were found both in stem and leaf. Colletotrichum was the dominant genus with dominance index 40.11%. The isolation rate of endophytic fungi in stem was evidently lower than that in leaf. Overall, the highest isolation rate was got in the samples from the basal part of hemp plants. The diversity index of endophytic fungi in hemp from the four sampling sites varied from 1.84 to 2.46. The similarity coefficients were high among all sampling sites, but they were low between stem and leaf from the same site. [Conclusion]The results showed that the host specificity and diversity of endophytic fungi in industrial hemp (Yunnan hemp 1) were low.

  Optimization of DNA extraction methods from soybean in different period 2013, 29 (36):  319-325.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0490 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 787311KB )   ( 517 ) Using leaves in different growth periods of high-quality soybean varieties J-17, J-16, WX-1, WX-2 and Maverick as experimental materials, we used different methods for the genomic DNA extraction and determined the concentration of genome DNA. The DNA were tested by agarose gel electrophoresis, PCR amplification for internal control and comprehensive evaluation of the quality of different methods for DNA extraction. The results indicated that the DNA extracted with the modified CTAB method had higher quality and purity in fresh leaves period. The most of polysaccharides and polyphenolic compounds could be removed efficiently by utilizing new modified CTAB method and the new method was suitable for extracting high qualified DNA in flowering stage. This study laid the foundation of soybean moleculer bioresearch.

  Research Progress on Resistance to Aphid in Soybean 2013, 29 (36):  326-333.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0182 Abstract + ( 805 )   PDF ( 565943KB )   ( 640 ) Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsmura), is a major pest of soybean (Glycine max). So far, some resistance resources have been screened as well as twelve resistance genes have been mapped, and three biotypes of soybean aphid have been identified. Compared with crops of Poaceae, resistance inheritance to aphid in soybean and alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is simple, single dominant gene, and most of the resistance genes are calculated belong to classic R gene family, encoding NBS-LRR protein. So far, several aphid resistance genes have been cloned in plants, and they also belong to NBS-LRR gene family. In this paper, we review and sum up the studies of soybean aphid resistance and propose possible future research.

  The Progress of Physiological and Biochemical Reaction of Plants to Pest Mites Damage 2013, 29 (36):  334-337.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1895 Abstract + ( 725 )   PDF ( 462134KB )   ( 570 ) The interactions between pest mites and plants is the result of their coevolution.between parasites and their hosts.Understanding spider mites-induced plant responses is an important way to explore how to control spider mites,which is beneficial to perfect the pest mites integrated management measures.In this paper,we reviewed recent research progress on the pest mites-induced plant responses,such as plant tissue or cell structure,photosynthetic pigment,photosynthesis,nitrogen metabolism, protective enzyme, proteinase inhibitor,polyphenol,and so on. In addition,we discussed the prospects on exploring the plant defensive materials and the plant defense mechanism.

  Recent developments in the molecular detection of formae speciales and Races of Fusarium oxysporum 2013, 29 (36):  338-342.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4186 Abstract + ( 811 )   PDF ( 494284KB )   ( 628 ) Abstract: It is important for molecular detection of formae specials and races of Fusarium oxysporum. In this paper, the application of DNA molecular marker, virulent gene and transposons in detection of formae specials and races of Fusarium oxysporum were reviewed. Moreover, the merit and demerit of these techniques were commented. In addition, the prospect of these research fields was discussed.

  Study on Breeding Period Characters of Resistant and Susceptible Rice Cultivars to False Smut of Rice 2013, 29 (36):  343-346.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1363 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 470663KB )   ( 427 ) In order to analyze the relationship between breeding period characters of plants and susceptivity of rice cultivars against false smut, we used six rice cultivars as materials, including ‘Nongxiang 21’, ‘Fufengyou NO.2’, ‘Luyou 313’, ‘Fuliangyou 366’, ‘Hua NO.2 3301’ and ‘Pujiang NO.6’, to test some breeding period characters of rice cultivars in greenhouse. The results showed that there was no relationship between susceptivity of rice cultivars to disease and auricle pace between sword leaf and next leaf, days of booting and heading period, and activities of defensive enzymes. But the susceptivity of rice cultivars may be closely related with the number of gains per panicle and panicle types. The least number of gains per panicle (‘Luyou 313’, which was resistant cultivar) were 113.00, the most number of gains per panicle (‘Hua NO.2 3301’, which was susceptible cultivar) were 242.67. In addition, panicle types of resistant cultivars were significant more loose than those of susceptible cultivars. It was considered that the rice panicle type and its number of gains per panicle could become one of the indicators of resistant cultivars screening.

  Monitoring of Streptomycin Resistance in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicolain Four Cities of Anhui Province 2013, 29 (36):  347-350.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0217 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 481079KB )   ( 393 )

  Control Effect of 20% Iodine Oligosaccharide Acids on Rice Blast（Magnaporthe oryzae） 2013, 29 (36):  351-354.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0204 Abstract + ( 791 )   PDF ( 494675KB )   ( 485 ) [Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the control effect of 20% iodine oligosaccharide acids on rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae), to develop novel agents for control of rice blast. [Method] This study was tested by field trials, with 75% tricyclazole WP and 40% isoprothiolane EC as the control medicament. [Result] The results of the field control effect showed that 75% tricyclazole WP diluted 2500 times > 20% iodine oligosaccharide acids diluted 1000 times > 20% iodine oligosaccharide acids diluted 1500 times > 40% Isoprothiolane EC diluted 1000 times > 20% iodine oligosaccharide acids diluted 2000 times > 20% iodine oligosaccharide acids diluted 3000 times, which field control effect was 97.32%, 95.48%, 93.51%, 87.32% and 79.57%, respectively. The control effect of 20% iodine oligosaccharide diluted 1000 times was equal to 75% tricyclazole WP diluted 2500 times and 20% iodine oligosaccharide diluted 1500 times was equal to 40% isoprothiolane EC diluted 1000 times at P=0.05. Moreover, the rice which sprayed 20% iodine oligosaccharide acids growed better than sprayed the control medicament and water. [Conclusion] 20% iodine oligosaccharide acids has good control effect on rice blast and had the potential to develop agents for control rice blast.

  The Main Recessive Disasters Happened and Prevention in Winter Wheat of the Coastal Plain in Hebei Province 2013, 29 (36):  355-361.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0068 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 611980KB )   ( 439 ) In order to explictly the major recessive disaster in the area of Hebei coastal plain on wheat, Through surveyed the main recessive disaster were happened in Cangzhou region of winter wheat, researched from 1996 to 2011 including cold damage, frost damage, drought hazards, dry hot wind hazards, salinization hazards and so on. And presented the control measures of prevention, It turned out that in Hebei coastal plain wheat childbearing period of precipitation was 138.32 mm, seasonal drought was in serious drought, In recent years hot wind hazards can lessen the trend and provided theoretical basis for the guidance of Cangzhou regional in wheat production.

  Effects of Phytase Transgenic Maize on Population Dynamics of Main Pests and Their Natural Enemies in Field 2013, 29 (36):  362-366.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1192 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 682477KB )   ( 468 ) During corn growth period, the species and population of main pests and their natural enemies were investigated regularly in field to evaluate the effects of phytase transgenic maize on their population dynamics. The results showed that the population dynamics of main pests and their natural enemies in phytase transgenic maize field were consistent with that in the field of its non-transgenic parent Liyu 35 and local corn variety Zhengdan 958. At most of corn growth stages, no significant differences were observed among the density of pests and natural enemies in the three treatment plots. Furthermore, the stalk inspection on the numbers of holes and worms of corn borer was conducted during harvest, the results also showed that there was no significant difference. So in the short term, the phytase transgenic maize had no effect on the population dynamics of main pests and their natural enemies in cornfield.

  Effect of a Biological Resistance Inducer on Controlling Cucumber Powdery Mildew and Inducing Enzymes Activities 2013, 29 (36):  367-371.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1563 Abstract + ( 804 )   PDF ( 636823KB )   ( 405 ) To understand the effect of a biological resistance inducer(BRI) on controlling cucumber powdery mildew and inducing enzymes activities, the potted, inoculation and POD, SOD, PAL and CAT tests were proceeded. The results showed that the better control effect was the higher concentration and more sprays of BRI were used. The control effects of cucumber powdery mildew were 59.91%, 85.02% and 89.43% after 72 hours when 10μg/mL, 20μg/mL and 100μg/mL of BRI were sprayed onto cucumber seedlings before 24 hours when the pathogen was inoculated and 80.32%, 98.23%, 98.30% and 100.00% after 72 hours when 100μg/mL of BRI were sprayed 1, 2, 3 and 4 times before the pathogen was inoculated. BRI increased the activities of the defense-related enzymes, POD, SOD, PAL and CAT of cucumber leaf until 5-7 days after its spray, especially PAL activity was as 4.37 times high as the negative control without any sprays at the 9th day.

  Screening and identification of Antagonistic Bacillus producing broad-spectrum antimicrobial substances 2013, 29 (36):  372-377.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0048 Abstract + ( 707 )   PDF ( 743973KB )   ( 697 ) The aim was to screen Bacillus with broad antimicrobial spectrum against pathogen of fruits and vegetables. With nine pathogenic fungi and three pathogenic bacteria as indicators, Bacillus NCPSJ7 was screened using agar disk diffusion methods. Combined morphological analysis, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA gene homology analysis, strain NCPSJ7 was finally identified as Bacillus Amyloliquefaciens. The antimicrobial spectrum of B. amyloliquefaciens NCPSJ7 was studied. It was shown that strain NCPSJ7 displayed both antifungal and antibacterial activity. The optimization of fermentation conditions, the composition, properties and antibacterial stability of the antibacterial substance, and separation and purification of the antibacterial substance will be studied in the further research.

  Fluctuation Law of Population Quantity of Eothenomys melanogaster in Kaili City 2013, 29 (36):  378-381.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-4105 Abstract + ( 825 )   PDF ( 557768KB )   ( 474 ) In order to find out population composition and population fluctuation law of Eothenomys melanogaster and provide scientific basis for control, the systematic monitoring results of rat situation in Kaili City, Guizhou Province from 1984 to 2012 were analyzed. The analysis results showed that the Eothenomys melanogaster mainly distribute in the paddyfield and dryland, accounting for 6.60% of the total quantity. It’s one of the common rat kinds in local. The average capture rate in paddyfield and dryland was 0.42%. There was significant difference in population between different months. There were 2 population peaks in May to June and September to November within a year. The average capture rate were 0.50%-0.53% and 0.43%-0.54%, respectively. The peak presented a typical bimodal curve. Population quantity showed difference in different years and different seasons. Population quantity seasonal variation also showed difference in different regions. April and August was the best control period.

  Insecticidal Activity of Total Alkaloid from Aconitum flavum 2013, 29 (36):  382-385.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1299 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 571147KB )   ( 570 ) Abstract: In order to extract insecticidal active ingredients from Aconitum flavum, new high efficiency active plant insecticide was researched. The total alkaloid was obtained with the extract process of degreasing, extraction and the technology of acid-extraction alkali precipitation by using the extraction fraction of 95% ethanol. The leaf disk method and dipping pest and leaf-disk method were used to test bioactivity of the total Alkaloid against Mythimna separata and Aphis sp.The results showed that the total Alkaloid had higher anti-feeding and stomach poisoning activity against 3rd instar larvae of Mythimna separata. The median anti-feedant concentration (AFC50) were 1.039 mg/mL at 24 h and 0.573 mg/mL at 48 h respectively, and the corrected mortality reached 96.6% at concentration of 10.0 mg/mLduring 72 h, the median-lethal concentration (LC50) was 1.939 mg/mL against 3rd instar larvae of Mythimna separata. The total alkaloid also showed greater contacting toxicity against Aphis sp., the corrected mortality reached 87.2% at 24 h and 96.5% at 48 h respectively at concentration of 10.0 mg/mL, and the median-lethal concentration (LC50) was 2.243 mg/mL at 24 h and 1.406 mg/mL at 48 h respectively. It was suggested that the total alkaloid of Aconitum flavum had higher biological activities against Mythimna separata and Aphis sp.

  Study on Classification of Wheat Quality Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy 2013, 29 (36):  386-390.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1332 Abstract + ( 718 )   PDF ( 744297KB )   ( 470 ) In order to quick, easy and accurately identify the classification of wheat quality, this paper put forward using identification method of near infrared spectral analysis technology combined with BP neural network for classification of wheat. Samples of wheat were carried out a detailed analysis of spectral data in the process of research.First of all, Mahalanob distance was applied on spectral data filtering, which could eliminate abnormal spectrum.And through principal component analysis explained that using near infrared spectroscopy identify the feasibility of the wheat quality classification. In order to improve the performance of the model, SPXY algorithm was used for reasonable division of samples of wheat.Then using first derivative and SNV which were commonly used in data processing method dealt with spectral data ,.which could eliminate irrelevant information and noise impact on wheat spectral data. partial least squares method was used to compress the data, which could reduce the amount of data and save modeling time.Finally,BP neural network as the modeling method is used to establish identification model of wheat quality. Experimental result showed that: the model identification effect is good, the recognition accuracy of strong gluten samples is as high as 94.4%, the identification accuracy of weak gluten samples is as high as 100%, which has realized quickly and accurately classification between strong gluten and weak gluten wheat, which has a very important significance on wheat production, market trading and food processing.

  Compared of Nutrients in the Pueraria DC and Sweet potatoes 2013, 29 (36):  391-394.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0158 Abstract + ( 1271 )   PDF ( 572518KB )   ( 696 ) Objective To compared of nutrients in the pueraria DC and sweet potatoes. Method Three ueraria DC and sweet potatoes were selected to compare protein content, starch content, free fatty acids, crude fiber content, water content, and mineral content. Results The starch content, free fatty acids, crude fiber content, and mineral content among pueraria DC was higher than sweet potatoes, but protein content was lower among pueraria DC comparing with sweet potatoes. Differences of them were significant between pueraria DC and sweet potatoes. Conclusion Pueraria DC could be used as a portion of the feed alternatives.

  Study on a Processing Method of High Flavor Yong Xi Huo Hing Tea 2013, 29 (36):  395-399.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0782 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 490803KB )   ( 512 ) To improve the aroma quality of Yong Xi Huo Qing tea,a processing method of high flavor Yong Xi Huo Qing tea was designed in this research,according to the processing characteristics of Yong Xi Huo Qing tea and the quality of Oolong tea processing. The fresh leaves were divided into two parts using different processing. One part was applied with process called Zuoqing, and the other was kept in shade. And then the two parts were mixed for further working which used the process of Yong Xi Huo Qing tea. The result showed that the proportion of the difference among the relative amount of 24 kinds of fragrance ingredients (totally detected in 43 species) in Yong Xi Huo Qing tea made by this processing method which part of Zuoqing process account for 14% to 20% was more than 20%, meanwhile the 15 of which were 50% to 60% of the total. Due to the change of the main biochemical components, the sensory quality, especially the quality of aroma, was improved significantly. The comprehensive mark of the 3rd sample, which part of Zuoqing process accounted for 1/7, was 0.9 and 1.4 higher than the traditional crafts.

  Study on the Anti-acute Inflammation Effect of Opuntia Total Flavonoids in Mice 2013, 29 (36):  400-403.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-1180 Abstract + ( 789 )   PDF ( 548751KB )   ( 501 ) The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-acute inflammation effect on total flavonoids from opuntia in mice. The ear edema method, increase of capillary permeability and paw edema method were used to study the anti-acute inflammation effect on flavonoid from opuntia in mice. The results showed that the ear swelling degree in every dose group mice was significantly different compared to control mice (P<0.01). The OD values in every dose group mice was significantly different from control mice in the experiment of increase of capillary permeability (P<0.01). The paw swelling degree at 0.5-2 h in every dose group mice was significantly different compared to control mice in the experiment of paw edema (P<0.01). But the paw swelling degree at 3 h was not significantly different from control group. In conclusion, opuntia total flavonoids has great inhibition on swelling reaction and increase of capillary permeability. It has the effect of deturgescence and exudation in the local inflammatory reaction, presenting anti-acute inflammation effect.

  Sensory Evaluation on Taste Characteristics of Tobacco Leaves from Xiangxi Areas 2013, 29 (36):  404-408.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2013-0313 Abstract + ( 868 )   PDF ( 518066KB )   ( 585 ) 41 tobacco leaves samples from Xiangxi areas were analyzed by sensory evaluation in order to ascertain the regional characteristics and spatial distribution of taste characteristics. The results were as follows: 1) the irritancy was a little to little; the majority of samples have dryness while the minority of them just have min-dryness; the after taste of a little purity and easiness were taken as the principal. 2) There were extremely significant differences among the different counties for the after taste, non-significant differences among the different counties for the irritancy and dryness; the after taste of flue-cured tobacco from Guzhang County were relatively higher than others.3)The scale of irritancy of flue-cured tobacco from Gaoping town and Liexi town were the lowest among the different towns, while the scale of dryness from Hongshilin town was the lowest and the scale of after taste from Hongshilin town was the highest .4)The taste characteristics of ‘K326’ was better than ‘Yunyan87’.5) The taste characteristics of flue-cured tobacco from plant-tobacco areas under 600m altitude was better than other areas.6) The Kriging interpolation map indicated that the spatial distributions of the scale of taste characteristic indexes were plaque. The 2.6 to2.8 , 2.7 to 2.8 and 2.6 to 2.8were main distribution of irritancy, dryness, and after taste, respectively.