Abstract: In order to determine the relationships between plant density and agronomic and economic properties, and nutrient uptake of sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]. An experiment with a sorghum variety ‘Jinza No. 23’ was conducted to investigate the effects of plant density on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of sorghum under field conditions. The experiment design was the randomized complete block with 3 replications. 4 plant densities (45000, 75000, 105000, 135000 plants/hm2) were employed. The results showed that, plant height of sorghum was significantly increased, and stem diameter was significantly thinned, leaf area and dry matter weight per plant were significantly declined as plant density increased. Grain yield increased with plant density increasing at the ranges of 45000 plants/hm2 to 75000 plants/hm2. The panicle number per unit area was significantly increased when plant density increased from 45000 plants/hm2 to 105000 plants/hm2. Grain number per panicle decreased as plant density increased. 1000-grain weight was not influenced by plant density variety. The total amount of N and K uptake were not significantly influenced by plant density except for P. The uptake of P and K in grain was markedly declined as plant density was increased from 105000 plants/hm2 to 135000 plants/hm2, whereas N uptake in grain was significantly affected by plant density. Unlike N and P, the major portion of K was contained in the vegetative parts and little in the heads. Correlation analysis revealed that the relationships between plant density and plant height, biomass, grain yield and panicle number per unit area were significant and positive correlation. Whereas the relationships between plant density and stem diameter, leaf area and dry weight per plant, economic index, grain number per panicle, and 1000-grain weight were significant and negative correlation. The current study indicates that plant density is closely linked with sorghum main agronomic and economic traits and nutrient uptake. It plays a very important role in the cultivation of high yield and high efficiency in sorghum.