Abstract: Selecting of hybrid parents according to the target traits is the premise of improving selection efficiency of soybean cultivars with high quality oil content. The content of oil and 5 fatty acids was measured in 240 soybean germplasm of North China. Phenotypes and genotypes were identified and classified by genetic diversity, principle components and cluster analysis. The results showed that there were rich genetic variation and diversity for the content of oil and 5 fatty acids in 240 soybean collections in North China. According to the principle components analysis, three principle components were screened. Cluster analysis was conducted with three principle components. 240 germplasm resources were divided into seven genetic groups by clustering analysis. Group 1, 6, 7 were high oil content cluster; Group 3, 5 were the second-rate high oil content cluster; Group 2, 4 were low oil content cluster. The fatty acids compositions showed differences among 7 groups. According to the breeding target, selecting parents from groups could improve the efficiency of breeding high quality cultivars.