Abstract: In order to study the construction of evaluation index system of regional public cultural service and the development status of the basically public cultural service of 17 cities in Shandong Province, the authors used the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to construct the evaluation index system and took the comprehensive index assessment method to study the construction level of public cultural services of 17 cities in Shandong Province. Six modules, including the public library, performing arts groups, art museum and cultural center, township, mass media and the financial investment of public culture, were used as the primary index, and several secondary indicators in each module were selected, a total of 27 secondary index evaluation index system were constructed for studying the development status of public culture by points module evaluation comparison and overall evaluation comparison of 17 cities in Shandong Province. The study finds that the overall development of public cultural services of 17 cities in Shandong Province is good, but there is significant unbalance among different regions when comparing points module; in the comprehensive evaluation, the differences decrease obviously in the levels of development among regions, indicating different emphasis on public cultural service construction.