Abstract: Wheat harvest index(HI), the ratio of grain weight to total plant weight, is an important trait associated with the dramatic increases in wheat yields, so this experiment aimed to study the relationship between the agronomic traits, economic traits and yield of ten wheat varieties, used regression analysis and correlation method. Results showed that the test HI of ten wheat varieties had lager space to improve, the HI was significantly negatively correlated with peduncle length, plant height, spike length, spikelet number and stem biomass. HI was positively correlation with grain mass per panicle and yield. HI was not positively correlation with biomass yield. The principle component analysis showed that three principal component had covered main traits which contribution rate was 87.42%; The HI of ten wheat varieties with yield per plant, biomass yield and 1000-grain weight was linear through regression. Conclusion: The statistical analyses got relative information of agronomic traits for ten wheat varieties, grain mass per panicle, yield and grain number of spike were all positive effects for HI, peduncle length, plant height, spike length, spikelet number and stem biomass were all negative effects for HI. The relationship between HI of ten wheat varieties with yield per plant, biomass yield and 1000-grain weight was linear. This indicated that，for breeding the wheat varieties with high HI, grain number of spike and grain mass per panicle should increased and biomass yield should not too be high.