Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.3 Published:19 March 2015

  Discussion on the Progress on Seedling-broadcast with No-tillage Techniques for Rice 2015, 31 (3):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1918 Abstract + ( 665 )   PDF ( 542KB )   ( 518 ) As a kind of conservation tillage, seedling-broadcast with no-tillage techniques is a labor saving, time saving, cost saving and high efficiency technology of farmland. This technique has been widely studied and applied to paddy in China in recent years, bringing farmers convenience and high incomes and it is the innovation of rice cultivation technique. This paper briefly reviews the formation and development of seedlingbroadcast with no-tillage techniques, and mainly narrates the development of this technology research at home and abroad and forecasts the future of this technology. Through summarizing the development of seedlingbroadcast with no- tillage techniques and analyzing the growth of rice and the ecological benefit of this technique, we know seedling-broadcast with no-tillage techniques can indeed alleviate the shortage of China’s rural labor. In addition, it is also in line with our environment-friendly development. However, there isn’t a perfect solution in solving the problems of diseases, insect pests, weeds of rice and seeding standing slowly, which requires us to research more in the future, so that this technology can be further refined and innovated and have a long-term development.

  Establishment of DNA Fingerprint Database of Rice Varieties in Shanghai 2015, 31 (3):  7-15.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1764 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 594KB )   ( 684 ) The DNA fingerprints can provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for the varieties protection, evaluation of genetic diversity and relationships analysis. In this study, the DNA fingerprints of 53 rice varieties in Shanghai were established by 24 pairs of SSR primers. A total of 109 alleles were detected from tested rice varieties, ranged from 2 to 9. The average number of alleles per locus was 4.5471. The effective alleles was 70.8187, 2.9508 for each primer pair on average. Shannon's information index (Ⅰ) ranged from 0.4949-1.8402 with average 1.1296. And its average PIC index was 0.5415, with a range of 0.2656-0.8001. 24 pairs of SSR were used to establish the DNA fingerprints, and the strings were constituted the “ID number”. In this experiment, the ID number was unique for every cultivar. The cluster analysis showed that the tested cultivars could be classified into 2 groups at the level of genetic similarities coefficient 0.21, which were Japonica group and Indica group. The results indicated the narrow genetic base existed among the detected cultivars in Shanghai.

  Nutrient Absorption Characteristics of Different Rice Genotype Varieties qin dao-zhu,,, and 2015, 31 (3):  16-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1952 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 485KB )   ( 794 ) The study aims to select high-yield and high efficiency rice varieties that suit to be planted in Southern China. A field experiment was conducted with 56 rice genotypes of 8 rice categories under the same fertilizer application in south China rice production regions. N, P, K absorption characteristics of different rice varieties in growth process and yield differences were analyzed. The results showed that: the accumulation of rice dry matter and P, K mainly concentrated in the period of tillering - full heading, N accumulation concentrated in the two periods of seedling-tillering and tillering-full heading. The grain yield, straw yield, total N, P accumulation of two-line late-maturing rice type and the total K accumulation of two-line earlymaturing rice type were the highest, increased by 101.2%, 40.9%, 85.0%, 48.1%, 47.5% compared with conventional early-maturing rice, which was the lowest. The grain yield and N accumulation of the same series of rice increased with the extension of the growth duration. In the period of tillering-full heading, the rice yield had the highest correlation with each period of the total N, P, K accumulation. The nutrient use efficiency of two-line early-maturing rice type was the lowest, for producing every 100 kg rice with N of 2.15 kg, P2O5 of 0.53 kg and K2O of 3.61 kg. The N, P nutrient use efficiency of three-line medium-maturing rice type was the highest, and the highest K nutrient use efficiency was three-line late-maturing rice type. In conclusion, the high-yield and high efficiency rice varieties that suit to be planted in southern China was two-line latematuring rice type and three-line medium-maturing rice type, and nutrient supply at tillering -full heading stage during the rice growing period could improve rice yield.

  Screening and Evaluation of Rice Drought Resistance at Seedling Stage 闫平,, and 2015, 31 (3):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1916 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 482KB )   ( 562 ) The effect of drought stress on morphological characters and repeated drought survival rate at seedling stage were studied by repeated drought stress method at seedling stage, in order to compare drought resistance of dominate cultivated japonica rice varieties at seedling stage in Heilongjiang Province. Drought resistance varieties were screened through cluster analysis. The results indicated that: morphological parameters such as plant height, leaf dry weight, leaf fresh weight, root number, root length and root dry weight were less than 100% after repeated drought treatment. Seedling survival rate dropped remarkably, different varieties with different extent. Principal component analysis and correlation analysis proved that plant height, leaf dry weight, leaf fresh weight, root length and root dry weight could be taken as drought resistance identification morphological parameter at seedling stage.‘Dongnong 426’,‘Songjing 6’,‘Wuyou 1’,‘Song 05-274’and‘Song 05-276’were screened as varieties with good drought resistance at seedling stage by overall consideration of repeated drought survival rate and cluster analysis.

  Screening and Evaluation of the Drought Resistance Identification Indexes of Upland Rice Varieties During Seedling Stage Xu Jianxin,Yang Jie,Hu Xiangwei,Su Zihan and Wang Yunyue 2015, 31 (3):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1809 Abstract + ( 932 )   PDF ( 536KB )   ( 521 ) 24 Yunnan upland rice varieties were used as experimental materials in screening out identification index of drought resistance of upland rice during seedling stage. The results of correlation analysis of relative value of various traits and survival percentage under repeated drought condition showed that relative value of the length of first leaf under the central leaf, the length of second leaf under the central leaf, the width of second leaf under the central leaf, root dry weight and root-shoot ratio were significantly or very significantly correlated with the survival percentage under repeated condition, and these five indexes could be used as the morphological indexes to identify the drought resistance. The drought resistance of 24 upland rice varieties was evaluated by regression equation and the results indicated that it was feasible to predict the drought resistance in rice during seedling stage using integrated identification index.

  Effect of Different Irrigation Times and Nitrogen Fertilization on Leaf Area Index and Grain Yield of ‘Yujiao 5’ Ni Yongjing,He Qunling,Li Jinpei,Zhu Peipei,Hu Xin,Zhang Liqin and Wang Shijie 2015, 31 (3):  35-42.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1767 Abstract + ( 663 )   PDF ( 546KB )   ( 535 ) The winter wheat ‘Yujiao 5’ was used to study the effects of irrigation times, nitrogen levels and ratios of base and topdressing N fertilizer on leaf area index and grain yield in a split plot design, with three irrigation times (W1: irrigation before sowing, W2: irrigation before sowing and at jointing stage, W3: irrigation before sowing, at jointing stage and at grain filling stages) being in the main plot, five nitrogen levels (N0: 0 kg/hm2, N1: 120 kg/hm2, N2: 180 kg/hm2, N3: 240 kg/hm2, N4: 300 kg/hm2) being in the split-plot and two ratios of base and topdressing (R1: the 3:7 ratio at base and topdressing N fertilizer, R2: the 5:5 ratio at base and topdressing N fertilizer) being in the re-split-plot. The results showed that, three factors significantly affected leaf area index, grain yield and yield components, respectively. There was a positive linear correlation between LAI and nitrogen application rate under W1 treatment. There were significant conics relations between LAI of jointing stage, spiking stage, heading stage in W2 and W3 treatments, and the LAI of N3R2 were the highest. There were highly significant conics relations between grain yield, spike number, kernel number per spike and nitrogen application rate under three irrigation treatments, respectively. Between 1000 kernel weight and nitrogen levels, there was a highly negative linear correlation. In the 27 treatments of irrigation and fertilizer interaction, grain yield (8609.60 kg/hm2), spike number (688.2 thousand plants/hm2) and kernel number per spike (37.9 grains) reached the highest value at W3N3R2, and grain yield of W3N3R2 increased by 144.8% compared to the W1N0 (3517.5 kg/hm2). In conclusion, owing to insufficient rainfall at the late stage of winter wheat in eastern of Henan, the irrigation-saving space was relatively small, but the nitrogen-saving space is relatively large.

  Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Yield and Quality of Rice in the Cold Region Zhao Liming,Li Ming,Feng Naijie,Du Jidao and Zheng Dianfeng 2015, 31 (3):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1973 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 638KB )   ( 490 ) In order to study the effects of different plant growth regulators on the yield and quality of rice in cold area, a rice cultivar, ‘Kongyu 131’ with four treatments of spraying plant growth regulators (PGRs) was employed to study leaf and tiller dynamic changes, changes of material production, transport and the output of rice after heading, different traits, yield components, yield and quality changes of agronomy, and the effects of PGRs on rice quality in a field experiment. The results showed that, compared with CK, spraying ND regulator significantly accelerated the leaf age of rice, increased the output rate and transport of tillers, panicle length and the number of?rice?heading to milk stage of rice leaf sheath rate, significantly increased the heading stage of rice photosynthetic potential and net assimilation rate, improved the rice grain weight, grain number and yield per plant, and increased rice yield by 7.04%. Yield increases were obtained with ND, followed by BaDao. On the other hand, foliar application of ND and BaDao improved the brown rice rate and milled rice rate, and ND showed the best effect. The spraying of PY significantly reduced plant height and internode length, inhibited the normal growth of plant height and internode length, significantly reduced chalky rice, percentage of chalky size and chalkiness degree, followed by BaDao. The above experiments showed that foliar application of ND and BaDao could improve the rice grain yield in cold region and improve the quality of rice.

  Comprehensive Performance of Yield, Quality and Resistance of Y58S Series Hybrid Rice Combinations Fu Ding,Wang Qinglin,Zhao Wanbing,Huo Erwei,Ma Hanyun,Shen Guanghui and Quan Ruilan 2015, 31 (3):  49-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1881 Abstract + ( 1023 )   PDF ( 471KB )   ( 453 ) In order to breed two infertility lines, with low temperature of infertility starting point, strong combining ability and fine grain quality, the author analyzed yield, quality, diseases and pests resistance of 22 Y58S combinations bred in recent years. The results showed that the average yield was 8978.7 kg/hm2. 40.9% of the tested combinations had all quality indexes reached standard level-3 of “high quality rice”, but the combinations were sensitive to rice blast and brown planthopper. Therefore, the tested combinations had high production level and excellent quality, but relatively poor diseases and pests resistance.

  Analysis of the Grain Quality of New Breeding Male Parent Lines of Hybrid Rice Tang Wenbang,Zhang Guilian,Chen Guihua,Xu Yilan,Chen Liming and Wang Jianlong 2015, 31 (3):  54-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1859 Abstract + ( 1372 )   PDF ( 536KB )   ( 620 ) To ascertain the characteristics of grain quality of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice, and high-grade commercial rice, the grain quality of new varieties of male parent and high-grade commercial rice were analyzed by using ‘C liangyou343’, ‘Tianyouhuazhan’ and ‘Jinyou207’ as control. The results showed that the brown rice percentages, percentages of chalky, length-width ratio, gel consistency and rice taste value of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice were better than that of the CK. According to the 12 index of the national high quality rice standards, the hybrid rice combinations of 13RH034, 13RH053, 13RH054, 13RH061, 13RH103 and 13RH113 reached the third national quality rice standard. Compared with the grain quality of high-grade commercial rice, the numbers of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice with lower chalky and chalkiness degree of were 22 and 45, respectively, and the numbers of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice with higher chalky and chalkiness degree than that of the high-grade commercial rice were 61 and 38, respectively. But the correlation coefficient of the percentages of chalky and chalkiness degree of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice were lower than that of high-grade commercial?rice. Meanwhile, the amylose content of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice were decreased compared with high-grade commercial?rice, but the correlation coefficient of amylose content of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice were increased. The results indicated that the percentage of higher chalky and chalkiness degree of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice was 69.3% and 43.2%, respectively. But the chalky and chalkiness degree of superior quality rates of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice was 25.0% and 51.1%, respectively. Therefore, the decrease of chalky and chalkiness degree of breeding male parent lines of hybrid rice should be the focus in the improvement of grain quality of hybrid rice breeding.

  Improving Nitrogen Utilisation Efficiency of Wheat: the Analysis of Feasibility 2015, 31 (3):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1858 Abstract + ( 886 )   PDF ( 495KB )   ( 823 ) Abstract: In order to breed wheat varieties with high efficient nitrogen utilization, several guidelines were teased out from previous works both at home and abroad. The paper indicates that breeding efficient nitrogen utilization wheat is feasible by traditional breeding approach or genetic modification. Clarifying the contribution of key regulating genes involved in nitrogen metabolism to final nitrogen utilization can facilitate further improvement of nitrogen utilization by genetic modification or molecular marker assisted breeding. Widely, year to year and multiple sites screening of wheat germplasm resources with efficient nitrogen utilization is highly required in China.

  The effect of crop growth regulator on the lodging-resistance and grain yield of winter wheat 2015, 31 (3):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2167 Abstract + ( 1164 )   PDF ( 850KB )   ( 641 ) In order to invest the effect of different crop growth regulators on the lodging-resistance and grain yield of winter wheat in different intensity, a field experiment was conducted in Mengcheng agricultural sci-tech demonstration farm of Anhui province, different crop growth regulators, Zhuangfeng’an, Xixiao-zuo, Guoguang-aifeng, Aijiu-shou and traditional adjustment measure compacting were applied to winter wheat ‘Yannong 19’, the final yield, stem morphological characteristics, snapping-resistance and lodging-resistant index were studied. Data showed that in the higher intensity (270×104/hm2), the stem height was higher, and the grain yield, stem outer diameter and dry weight per unit internode length were lower than in the lower intensity (225×104/hm2). All the growth regulators except Aijiu-shou, and compacting treatments reduced the basal internodes length, enhanced the stem diameter and dry weight per unit internode length, and the ratio of gravity center height to plant height was reduced, and the lodging resistance was enhanced, especially in the higher intensity. The plant height reduced under Zhuangfeng’an and Aijiu-shou treatments, however, changed insignificantly under other treatments compared to control. The final grain yield was enhanced in Xixiao-zuo and Aijiu-shou treatments by modifying the 1000-kernal-weight, while that in Guoguang-aifeng and compacting treatments changed little. Zhuangfeng’an reduced the final grain yield of low intensity wheat by reduced the 1000-kernal-weight and kernel number per spike, this may caused by the reduction of plant height and final biomass.

  Effects of Water and Planting Density on Root Character of Different Ploidy Wheat Sun Yingying,Liu Lisheng,Zhang Fan and Zhang Suiqi 2015, 31 (3):  74-81.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1999 Abstract + ( 688 )   PDF ( 978KB )   ( 426 ) In order to illustrate effects of water and planting density on root character of different ploidy wheat , three different ploidy wheat (the diploid Triticum monococcum, the tetraploid Triticum dicoccum, and the hexaploid Triticum aestivum ‘Changwu 134’) were planted in field experiment conducted in Yangling. Three planting densities (low, medium and high density, exactly 1, 2.5 and 4 million plants per hectare) were set, and two kinds of water conditions were taken as well respectively one with normal rainfall and irrigation while the other with none, to investigate the response of root dry weight, root length, water consuming characters to the density and water conditions. The results indicated that: the root dry weight at flowering stage did not decrease with the ploidy increase, root length of the tetraploid and the hexaploid was higher than that of the diploid under water-supply condition, the hexaploid was more sensitive to water while the water consuming showed no significant difference among the three ploidy wheat; the root distribution and proportion of total root weight and length in surface soil declined under water deficit, but the root distributed in the depth increased, so that the water in deep soil was used more efficiently; higher density brought in more competiveness in surface soil ,thus the root grew down and the proportion in depth increased, more water in deep soil was then taken. All above-mentioned results provide the theory basis for wheat breeding and planting in the arid and semi-arid area.

  Analysis and Evaluation of Yield and Quality Characters of Mianyang Series Wheat Lei Jiarong,Yu Ao,Du Xiaoying,Li Shengrong,Ren Yong,Zhou Qiang,Ou Junmei,Tao Jun and He Yuanjiang 2015, 31 (3):  82-87.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2011 Abstract + ( 652 )   PDF ( 557KB )   ( 485 ) In order to make rational use of wheat breeding resources, yield and quality characters of 24 Mianyang series wheat were analyzed. The results showed that there was abundant variation of the 14 characters. Yield was between 4524.0 kg/hm2 and 6002.55 kg/hm2, ears per hm2 were between 2.826 million and 3.9165 million, kernels per ear were between 36.6 and 50.7, 1000-kernel weight was between 38.05 g and 50.83 g, test weight was between 716 g/L and 822 g/L, kernel protein content was between 12.54% and 16.33%, falling number was between 105 s and 365 s, wet gluten content was between 23.10% and 37.03%, sedimentation value was between 25.0 mL and 48.5 mL, stability time was between 1.1 min and 10.4 min, softening degree was between 63 BU and 201 BU, maximum resistance was between 93 BU and 1000 BU, extensibility was between 11.8 mm and 211.5 mm, extension area was between 28.0 cm2 and 226.8 cm2. The correlation analysis showed there were complex relations between 14 characters of the Mianyang wheat. By clustering analysis, all tested materials from yield and quality characters were divided into three classes. Class I can be used as high yield material of breeding, ClassⅡ and Class Ⅲ can be used as quality breeding materials.

  Correlation analysis between wheat harvest index and main agronomic characters 2015, 31 (3):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1357 Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 555KB )   ( 484 ) Wheat harvest index(HI), the ratio of grain weight to total plant weight, is an important trait associated with the dramatic increases in wheat yields, so this experiment aimed to study the relationship between the agronomic traits, economic traits and yield of ten wheat varieties, used regression analysis and correlation method. Results showed that the test HI of ten wheat varieties had lager space to improve, the HI was significantly negatively correlated with peduncle length, plant height, spike length, spikelet number and stem biomass. HI was positively correlation with grain mass per panicle and yield. HI was not positively correlation with biomass yield. The principle component analysis showed that three principal component had covered main traits which contribution rate was 87.42%; The HI of ten wheat varieties with yield per plant, biomass yield and 1000-grain weight was linear through regression. Conclusion: The statistical analyses got relative information of agronomic traits for ten wheat varieties, grain mass per panicle, yield and grain number of spike were all positive effects for HI, peduncle length, plant height, spike length, spikelet number and stem biomass were all negative effects for HI. The relationship between HI of ten wheat varieties with yield per plant, biomass yield and 1000-grain weight was linear. This indicated that，for breeding the wheat varieties with high HI, grain number of spike and grain mass per panicle should increased and biomass yield should not too be high.

  Influence of Sowing Dates on Stem Tiller Young Ear Differentiation and Yield of Winter Wheat in Shanxi Province Xing Cuiping,Tian Jing,An Linli,Han Dongcui,Shi Minfang and Zhang Jianhua 2015, 31 (3):  94-98.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1981 Abstract + ( 742 )   PDF ( 515KB )   ( 428 ) To investigate the effect of different sowing dates on stem tiller young ear differentiation and yield of winter wheat in Shanxi Province, the authors took new variety ‘Linfen 8050’ winter wheat as materials, observed the main stem tiller young ear differentiation and yield performance under different sowing dates. The results showed that, with delayed sowing dates and rising tiller site, the dates of ear differentiation were postponed in each period, the total duration was shortened; late sowing treatment had 121 days less in ear differentiation than early sowing treatment. With delayed sowing and rising tiller site, the dates of ear differentiation of each stem tiller were postponed; ear differentiation of late sowing delayed 109 days compared with early sowing. With delayed sowing date, the main stem young ear elongation showed a trend of short-long-short, the duration from elongation to pistil and stamen differentiation was shortened; differentiation after each pistil and stamen differentiation stage had basic synchronization. At the same sowing date (early sowing, the sowing) with rising tiller site, the duration from elongation to double ridge stage differentiation was obviously shortened, and after that, there was little difference in the duration of each differentiation. For late sowing with rising tiller site, the duration of each differentiation increased slightly; but the second and third tiller from the late sowing treatment to floret differentiation stage and the third tiller in sowing died. The effective spikelet number of the main stem and tiller spike decreased obviously with the postponing of the sowing date, the effective spikelet number of early sowing and sowing was 643.58×104/hm2 and 601.66×104 /hm2, respectively, significantly different from that of late sowing, which was 549.38×104/hm2, and yield decreased significantly. Therefore, September 25th to October 5th was suitable sowing time of winter wheat in southern Shanxi Province.

  Effects of Sowing Date on Seedling Growth Characteristics and Accumulated Temperature Before Wintering Stage of Wheat Xu Hui,Cui Huaiyang,Zhang Wei,Li Chunyan,Guo Wenshan and Zhu Xinkai 2015, 31 (3):  99-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1823 Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 802KB )   ( 499 ) The paper aims to study the effect of sowing date on seedling growth characteristics and accumulated temperature (AT) (≥0℃) of springness wheat ‘Guangmingmai 1’. The results showed that the emergence rate was declined, and AT (≥0℃) reduced along with the sowing date delayed; leaf age, tiller number, LAI and dry matter accumulation significantly decreased along with the sowing date delayed. There was an exponential correlation between the average daily temperature (ADT) and the days from sowing to seedling emergence. AT (≥0℃) from sowing date to before-wintering stage had significantly positive linear correlation with growing days, leaf age, tiller number, LAI and dry matter accumulation from seeding date to before-winter stage. Under this experimental condition, with sowing date delayed six days or so, some characteristics were changed from sowing to seedling stage, for example, ADT was decreased 1.0-2.5℃, and AT (≥0℃) was increased 5-15℃, emergence time was extended 2-5 days, and emergence rate was declined 1.5%-3.5%. To achieve robust seedlings of springness wheat, the suitable AT (≥0℃) and sowing date were 500-670℃ and from October 23th to November 4th under this experimental condition, and the optimum sowing date was October 27th-29th.

  Diversity Analysis of Agronomic and Quality Traits of Hexaploid Triticale Hu Liqin,Xu Lintao,Zhang Chao,Zhang Yiduo,Ma Yingxue and Wang Honggang 2015, 31 (3):  106-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1889 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 584KB )   ( 646 ) In order to gain knowledge of genetic diversity of Hexaploid Triticale introduced from International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), and provide reference for its effective use, diversities of agronomic and quality characters were analyzed for 111 Hexaploid Triticale germplasm in this study. The results showed that: the average coefficient of variation of six agronomic traits was 16.94%, the average diversity index was 1.96, diversity index of spikelets/spike, spike length and grain weight were higher than 2.00; average coefficient of variation of 10 quality traits was 8.60%, the average diversity index was 1.94, diversity index of water absorption, dough stability time were higher than 2.00. Agronomic and quality traits of 111 Hexaploid Triticale showed a greater difference, with a wealth of genetic diversity.

  Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Soil Temperature and Yield During the Barely Growth 方彦杰 2015, 31 (3):  113-117.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2014 Abstract + ( 632 )   PDF ( 577KB )   ( 458 ) In order to provide theoretical basis for water-saving production and high yield of barely, three cultivation management modes including over film-mulched soil cultivation, controlled traffic tillage with ridge irrigation and conventional drilling were conducted to investigate their dynamics change of soil temperature, yield of barely under field conditions. The results showed that from emergence to jointing stage, soil temperature was over film- mulched soil cultivation ＞ controlled traffic tillage with ridge irrigation ＞ conventional drilling, and soil temperature of over film-mulched soil cultivation was significantly higher than that of conventional drilling. After jointing stage, soil temperature of controlled traffic tillage with ridge irrigation was the highest in the different layers, and this mode could increase temperature at 0 cm and 5 cm of the soil. Over film-mulched soil cultivation could increase soil temperature of 5 cm below in the morning and reduce the temperature change of 5 cm below of the soil. Yield of over film-mulched soil cultivation increased by 10.9% and 15.31% compared with the other two cultivation modes.

  Inheritance of the Purple Midrib Trait in Maize Leaf Zhang Fangkui,Huo Shiping,Zhang Xingduan,Yan Qingjiu,Xiang Zhenfan,Zhang Jian,Yu Zhijiang and Feng Yunchao 2015, 31 (3):  118-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1157 Abstract + ( 1339 )   PDF ( 803KB )   ( 577 ) The author used an imported dark purple maize random mating population to select after crossed and multi-generational self-bred, the stable inbred line 06Z-2 with purple midrib was cultivated. By using the 06Z-2 (P2) and white midrib inbred line L-24 (P1) as materials, the F1, F2 , BC1 and BC2 populations were formulated, and to study the inheritance of the purple midrib trait in maize leaf. The results showed that the purple midrib trait was mainly controlled by single dominant genes. The segregation ratios that purple midrib plants numbers to white midrib plants numbers in segregating generations accorded with the Mendel’s first classical genetics law, and the purple midrib trait inherits stably, as well could be transferred easily. Deep genetic research and application on purple midrib traits in maize leaf had important theoretical and applicable value in preventing impurity, seed purity identification, and protection of intellectual property.

  Effects of Plant Photosynthesis Biological Synergist on Growth Yield and Quality of Summer Maize 2015, 31 (3):  122-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2098 Abstract + ( 637 )   PDF ( 618KB )   ( 477 ) In this research, the author studied the effect of photosynthesis biological synergist on growth, yield and quality of summer maize, and explored the best spraying concentration of photosynthesis synergist. Experiments were carried out for two consecutive years with the material of‘Zhengdan958’, and effects of different concentration of photosynthesis synergist on growth, yield and quality of summer maize were compared. The results showed that the yield increase effect of spraying 675 g/hm2 of plant photosynthesis biological synergist was the highest. Compared with CK, spraying plant photosynthesis biological synergist could increase the kernel number per ear and 1000-kernel weight, and increase the SPAD in leaf, prolong photosynthetic capacity and improve grain quality. The best spraying concentration of photosynthesis synergist was 675 g/hm2.

  Effect of Different Cultivation Measures on Sorghum Yield 2015, 31 (3):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1829 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 623KB )   ( 438 ) In order to explore the effect of different cultivation measures on the yield of the different sorghum varieties and to find the optimum cultivation model for high yield of sorghum, a field trial with sorghum varieties ‘Jinza No.23’and ‘JinZhong No.405’was conducted to investigate the effect of different planting densities, fertilizer application amounts and sowing dates on sorghum yield in the experimental plot of The Industrial Crop Institute of Shanxi Academy Agricultural Sciences, China. The results showed that ‘Jinza No.23’ belonged to high-yielding variety and was not suitable for close-planting, but ‘JinZhong No. 405’ belonged to close-planting variety and could obtained high-yield through increasing the population yield; with the delay of the sowing dates, the yields of ‘Jinza No.23’ and ‘JinZhong No.405’ tended to decline and were significant difference. The best cultivation measures of ‘Jinza No.23’ were with the fertilizer application amount of 225 kg/hm2, the planting density of 120000 plants/hm2, the sowing date of May 2nd; and the best cultivation measures of ‘JinZhong No. 405’ were with the fertilizer application amount of 225 kg/hm2, the planting density of 150000 plants/hm2, the sowing date of May 2nd.

  A Study on the Productivity Level Comparison between Different Coix Varieties (Lines) 2015, 31 (3):  133-138.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1563 Abstract + ( 610 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 524 ) In order to explore new varieties of Coix suitable for cultivation in Yunnan Province, thus improving the level of productivity of Coix planted in Yunnan. By comparising the tested lines of 10 Coix lines that were planted in areas of Wenshan, Yunnan, agronomic traits (growth period, plant height, stem diameter, number of tillers per plant, total fruit number, kernel weight, etc.) was analyzed and compare its yileds. The results showed that: (1) effective tiller number, total fruit number per plant, and seed weight was positively correlated with yield, especially the yield was significantly correlated kernel weight; (2) lines of YLO and Y7-1 had shorter growing period, plants shorter, thin stems, compact plant type, lodging resistance, etc. features, both of them were ideal plant type; (3) Y9-7, Y3-4, and Y12-2 black were the late-maturing varieties, they had good features in kernel weight, grain appearance, and yield; (4) YGL and Wen Yi II were late-maturing varieties, both of them showed the growing period between 150 to 155 days, plant height, tillering ability, stem diameter, and high biomass production, however, lower economic output; (5) the tested varieties (lines) of Y9-7, Y3-4, Y12-2 (black) had obvious advantages, and was in line with selection of high quality, high-yielding new varieties (lines) from comprehensive characters, yield, adaptation and other indicators.

  Studies on the Photosynthetic characteristics of Sweet Potato trees in green house 2015, 31 (3):  139-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1621 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 623KB )   ( 656 ) 【OBJECTIVE】In order to accurately reflect the photosynthetic characteristics and requirements to environmental conditions of sweet potato trees under hydroponics, the characteristics of photosynthesis of Yanshu18 and Yanshu20 cultivars were studied comparatively with the CIRAS-1 photosynthetic instrument. The main results were as follows: diurnal change in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of two varieties of sweet potato trees were a typical single curve determinately regulated, the responsive curves of photosynthesis in mature tomato leaves to the change of photosynthetic active radiation, CO2 concentration and air temperature could be described with quadratic equations. The light saturation point of Yanshu18 and Yanshu20 were around 1704.721-1925.037 μmol/(m2?s), the light compensation point was about 33.735-39.857 μmol/(m2?s), the proper temperature was around 25℃, CO2 saturation were 776.406-819.342 μL/L, and CO2 compensation were 55.667-62.410 μL/L.

  Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Germination Rate and Yield of Cassava Planting Period 2015, 31 (3):  144-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1385 Abstract + ( 612 )   PDF ( 491KB )   ( 494 ) The research aims to find a suitable pick up time and planting method for local cache seed-stem in Jiangxi province. With the design of plastic film mulching and open field cultivation methods, taking every 10 days of planting as one period from late- February to mid- April, the differences of quality change and germination rate of cassava seed-stem, agronomic traits, starch content and yield of fresh root were studied in 2011-2013. The results showed that seed-stem germination rate of cassava that planted in late-February to early-March and picked up from cellar was easily affected by the temperature and rainfall, and too much rainfall and too low temperature were not suitable for seedling, the mean germination rate was 45.67%. Seedstem germination rate were high in mid and late march，the mean germination rate was 95.38%. In early and mid April, there was a high germination rate, but the seed-stem intact rate was low, and needed a large amount of seed-stems. The plastic film mulching cultivation method, although starch content and fresh root harvest index decreased, could increase tuber number, tuber diameter thickening, stem diameter thickening, plant height and fresh root yield. In Jiangxi province and the same latitude area, suitable time for the local storage of cassava stem was in mid march, and mulching planting was better than the open field cultivation.

  Study of Rhizome Crops by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Combined with Wavelet Analysis 2015, 31 (3):  149-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1982 Abstract + ( 693 )   PDF ( 598KB )   ( 564 ) In order to distinguish 8 kinds of rhizome crops, 40 samples were studied by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with wavelet transform, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). The results showed that, the infrared spectra were similar on the whole, but the differences in position, shape and absorption intensities of peaks were observed in the range of 1800-700 cm- 1. The infrared spectra in the range of 1800-700 cm- 1 were selected to perform Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The fifteenth level decomposition coefficients of CWT and the fifth level detail coefficients of DWT were classified by PCA and HCA. The first three principal components’ cumulative contribution rates of continuous wavelet and discrete wavelet were 93.12% and 89.78%, respectively. The recognition accurate rates of PCA and HCA were 100%. It is proved that FTIR spectroscopy combined with wavelet transform could be used to distinguish different kinds of rhizome crops.

  Fertility Evaluation of Cultivated Land in Yitong County Based on Grid GIS Li Xiaoyan,Li Huiying and 李慧颖 2015, 31 (3):  155-159.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2012-1294 Abstract + ( 915 )   PDF ( 808KB )   ( 468 ) The fertility of cultivated land is all kind of factors of land ability in the certainty region for certainty land type. At present, the vector ways was used to evaluate the land fertility commonly and the ways of fuzzy clustering and principal component analysis were used as synthetical assessment ways based on the data base of land resource for county. Because there were a lot of vectors to overlay during this course, fragmental primitive would be produced and the value of grid data would be flattened. The Grid GIS would conquer such shortcoming. Taking the Grid as the basic assessing cell and taking the administrative cell as statistic cell, the paper evaluated the fertility of cultivated land in Yitong County. The results classified that, the land productivity of Yitong info five levels and coupled the environmental factors with land productivity. The results showed that, the arable land with better quality in Yitong County mainly distributed on the floodplain and lower terraces of rivers, which accounted for 82.12% of the total arable land. The low-yield arable land was mainly distributed in the hilly area. The results would offer the data support for plan, protect and rational use for land resource in the future.

  Advances in Methane Emission and Reducing Emission in Rice Field 2015, 31 (3):  160-166.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1822 Abstract + ( 774 )   PDF ( 529KB )   ( 3242 ) Rice is one of the most important food crops in the world, which plays an important role in food supply and social stability. However, rice fields are also the main source of methane emission in agricultural system, contributing greatly to the global greenhouse effect. This paper reviewed the mechanisms, the influencing factors and reducing techniques of methane emission in rice fields, and put forward some research suggestions on methane emission in rice fields in the future. The objective of the paper is to provide references for controlling methane emission in rice fields.

  Research summary of vegetation water content inversion with hyperspectral technology 林毅,,王宏博,冯锐,赵梓淇,李岚,肇同斌 and 张玉书 2015, 31 (3):  167-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1787 Abstract + ( 733 )   PDF ( 553KB )   ( 1417 ) Hyperspectral technology has become a popular approach to evaluate the water content of vegetation with its advantage of quick and convenient operation. This paper summarized the parameters, the indices and the methods of establishing models in the vegetation water content inversion process, and analyzed the application condition of the methods. At last, the research outlook of hyperspectral technology in vegetation water content inversion was provided.

  Progress on Effects of Long-term Continuous Cropping and Rotation Systems on Farmland Soil Biological Characteristics 杨殿林, and 2015, 31 (3):  173-178.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1832 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 512KB )   ( 1481 ) As one of the important indicators of soil quality, soil biological characteristics can characterize the process and trends of land change. Different cropping systems have different influences on soil biological characteristics. We examined peer- reviewed papers about the effects of continuous cropping and rotation planting mode on soil biological characteristics, especially on soil microbes, soil nematodes and soil enzyme activity, and pointed out the possibility of rational cropping system on soil quality restoration and research direction, put forward intensive farmland planting system optimization strategy, developed reasonable cropping system and provided a reference frame for the sustainable development of agriculture.

  Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in the Suburban Farmland Soil from Baoji City 范拴喜 2015, 31 (3):  179-185.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1868 Abstract + ( 910 )   PDF ( 732KB )   ( 696 ) In order to reveal the impact of urbanization and industrialization activities on soil environmental quality in a region, the research focused on outskirts of city to combine ministry of Baoji. The soil samples were collected from sampling sites, and measured heavy metal contents. To analyze and assess the pollution degree by using the single pollution index, the composite pollution index, the geoaccumulation index, N.L.Nemerow index and H?kanson’s potential ecological risk index. The results showed that the mean contents of all metals except Cd were lower than their environmental quality secondary standard values for soils (GB 15618-1995). The results of N.L.Nemerow index showed that most of the sampling point of heavy metal contaminated level was cleaner, slightly polluted in the sampling point of S3 and S5, moderate level of pollution in the sampling point of S7, heavy pollution in the sampling point of S6. The results of the geoaccumulation index showed that the order of Cd≥Cu≥Pb≥Zn≥Cr. The individual potential ecological risk of Cd in all heavy metals was the most important. The individual potential ecological risk of heavy metals ranked in order of Cd＞Cu≥Pb≥Cr≥Zn. The results of the integrated pollution indexes of heavy metals were considerable risk, moderate risk in the sampling point of S3, S5 and S10, the rest of the sampling points were low risk. Analysis of pollution sources showed that Pb, Cu, Cr and Zn might had identical anthropogenic and natural sources, while Cd might have the same source in outskirts of city to combine ministry of Baoji.

  Effects of Continuous Temperature and Soil Moisture on Development Process of Maize and Its Simulation 2015, 31 (3):  186-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1248 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 1042KB )   ( 541 ) There is an important effect of crop development on yield formation. Development is the time pointer in the crop growth model. However, the current crop development model of cumulative temperature can not explain the phenomenon of different sowing date but same maturity. At the same time, how the soil moisture affects the crop development is not very clear and the majority of crop growth model does not consider this. In the paper, summer maize in north China was taken as the object to study the stability of several crop development models, effects of continuous temperature and soil moisture on development and its simulation method. The results showed that the stability of the heat units (THU) model was the highest in accumulated temperature (TSUM), developmental unit (CHU) and THU models. Summer maize development process was not only determined by the cumulative temperature or heat units, but also affected by the average temperature in a development phase. The completion of the development process needed more accumulated temperature while the average temperature was higher. A maize development model was established the base on this. This model obviously improved simulation of development process of summer maize, which sowed in different days. There was a significant effect of soil moisture on summer maize development. Increase of soil moisture would cause development acceleration of summer maize in vegetative growth stage. Thus, the tasseling stage would advance. The model based on this could better simulate summer maize development in regional scale.

  Evaluation of Soil Nutrient Status and Dynamic Changes in Xi’an Lv Shuang,Wang Hu,Wang An and Wang Tao 2015, 31 (3):  194-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2333 Abstract + ( 1118 )   PDF ( 465KB )   ( 502 ) The study aims to fully understand the status and change of soil nutrient in Xi’an in order to offer data support for crop fertilizer recommendations in the future. The paper analyzed nutrient data of more than 30000 soil samples collected since 2006 in Xi’an, and evaluated the soil nutrient under different counties, soil types and soil utilization ways, analyzed the dynamic changes of soil nutrient in Xi’an since 1980’s. The results showed that, the major nutrients content in soil was at or above the middle level, only the organic content in soil was at a moderate to inferior level. There was a certain difference in major nutrient contents of different soil types, but the difference was not obvious. In different counties and under different soil utilization ways, there was difference of the major nutrients content, particularly obvious of microelement contents. Although the content of organic matters and microelements in soil appeared to be on the rise year by year, organic content in soil was at a moderate to inferior level, requiring measures such as increasing the organic fertilizer application to improve organic matter content in soil.

  The Forecasting Technique of Development Period of Maize Based on the Meteorological Conditions Zhang Mei,Chen Yuguang,Du Zhiguo,Hu Shiyi,Hou Wenjie and Yang Bing 2015, 31 (3):  199-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1413 Abstract + ( 651 )   PDF ( 661KB )   ( 531 ) The paper aims to provide meteorological forecast of development period of maize accurately and timely for local governments, agricultural sector and farmers. According to the temperature index of maize which sowed when daily average temperature through 10℃ steadily, and analysis of the interval number correlation of the average daily temperature through 10℃ and 5℃ steadily and through 5℃ steadily in Liaoyang city in 1956-2010, the regression equation was established by day series and interval number to predict the beginning day of the average daily temperature through 10℃ steadily. Based on the regression equation, sowing time was forecasted. By using the data of agricultural meteorological observatory in Dengta in 1981-2010, the relation of development speed of each period and weather conditions from sowing to maturity stage was analyzed. After inspection of the correlation for each period, the authors found that the correlation of alternate day number of development period and the accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ was the best. Temperature susceptibility and photosensitive were strong from emergence to maturity, thereby the forecast model of sowing to flowering and jointing to maturation could be established to forecast flowering and maturation of maize. After inspection, it is found that the correlation coefficient, multiple correlation coefficient and F value of these forecast model all reach a significant level of 0.01, the variation trend of back substitution and actual value is consistent comparatively, the absolute error (ABSE) and the standard error (RMSE) range between 2.0 and 4.3 days, which can meet the needs of agricultural meteorological operation and services and have the popularization and application value.

  The Impact of Climate on Corn Yield Analysis in Banan District, Chongqing Zhang Tian,Mao Wenshu,Yu Baolong and Chen Yichu 2015, 31 (3):  205-215.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1771 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 871KB )   ( 612 ) To study the impact of climate on the yields of Corns of Banan District, Chongqing, using multiple methods of climatic diagnosis, this article analyzes the connection between the corn yields and the climatic factors. The results showed that the air temperature of Banan District was slowly declining and the annual precipitation also had an inclination of decrease, while the annual sunshine hours slightly increased. Extreme changes of the air temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours were not obvious. Variety of analytical methods showed that climate change of the Banan District had a great influence on the yield of corn, and on the whole, was not conducive to corn yield.

  The Development Period Prediction of Potato Based on Climate Suitability in the Northeastern of Inner Mongolia 2015, 31 (3):  216-220.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1780 Abstract + ( 608 )   PDF ( 565KB )   ( 583 ) In order to establish prediction models of potato at different growth stages, the authors used data of daily maximum temperature, minimum temperature, sunshine hours, rainfall, soil moisture of 16 weather stations in the Northeastern Inner Mongolia from 2003 to 2012, as well as observation data of potato at different growth stages and related agricultural meteorological index, to calculate temperature suitability, sunshine suitability degree and water suitability degree at different growth stage of potato. Then the climate suitability of potato was researched in different zones in the Northeastern Inner Mongolia, prediction models of potato growth stages were established based on the climate suitability. The results showed that, the average error was within 2 days between simulation number and the actual number of 3 climate areas in the East, the West and the mountain land of the Daxing’an Mountains, average error was within 2 days in each development period. The forecast test results showed that, the forecast error of each developmental stage was within 1 day in each region, except the mountain land of the Daxing’an Mountains, in which the forecasting error was 3.4 days. Therefore, the forecasting models are effective and can contribute to prediction of potato development in the area.

  Degradation of Chlorantraniliprole and Development on Its Residue Detection and Analysis 2015, 31 (3):  221-228.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1821 Abstract + ( 996 )   PDF ( 618KB )   ( 2488 ) Chlorantraniliprole is a new anthranilic diamide insecticide acting with high efficacy on insect ryanodine receptors. Because of its excellent insecticidal activity, broad insecticidal spectrum, long lasting crop protection, difficult resistance to insects, non-target organisms safety and no cross-resistance to other existing insecticides, it is becoming widely used for pest control in agriculture, especially lepidopteran pests of rice and vegetable crops. To understand the degradation of chlorantraniliprole and its residue analytical methods in agricultural and environmental samples, the physical

  Sequence Analysis of CP Gene of Different Isolates of Strawberry mild yellow edge virus from Beijing in China 2015, 31 (3):  229-233.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2514 Abstract + ( 807 )   PDF ( 538KB )   ( 557 ) Strawberry mild yellow edge virus (SMYEV) were detected from naturally infected strawberry plants with malformation symptoms from fields based on the study to determine the main pathogen of strawberry viral diseases in Beijing. The expected fragments of about 729 nt include whole CP gene of SMYEV were amplified by RT-PCR and were sequenced by PCR products directly to analyze the molecular variance. Sequence analysis showed 2 different isolates of SMYEV named BJ1 and BJ2 were obtained and the nucleotide identity between them ranged from 82.72% to 82.96%. The sequence of CP gene of different isolates from Beijing, Germany, USA, Czech Republic, Australia, Belgium, Italy, Korea and Shenyang were analyzed. The results showed 33 isolates were divided into 4 groups in which BJ1 and BJ2 belonged to different groups. The identities of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of CP gene between BJ1 and other isolates ranged from 81.10% to 98.35% and 82.17% to 99.17%, and those identities between BJ2 and other isolates ranged from 82.03% to 98.63% and 90.91% to 94.63% respectively.

  The Diallel Analysis of Kernel Volume of Waxy Corn Chen Jianjian,Lv Guihua,Xu Xiuhong,Lu Huabing and Guo Guojin 2015, 31 (3):  234-238.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1797 Abstract + ( 605 )   PDF ( 511KB )   ( 392 ) In order to establish the combining ability performance of kernel volume of waxy corn lines and the inheritance of kernel volume among the generations, and guide large kernel hybrid combinations’ matching and inbred lines improvements, ten waxy corn lines, including the parents of commercial varieties and inbred lines bred by us, were used as materials in this study. By using complete diallel cross design, hybridized combinations were made and planted in the randomized block field. After maturity and drying, the kernel volume was measured and data was handled by using Griffing IV method to study the inheritance of kernel volume among hybrid combinations. The results showed that general combining ability (GCA) of kernel volume had a significant difference between parents, and the GCA of S10 was the best combination while the GCA of S6 was the lowest one. Specific combining ability (SCA) of kernel volume had a significant difference between the combinations. The heritability of kernel volume was low (hn2=12.55%), and dominant effect (VD=1.5398) was greater than additive effect (VA=0.7949) among genetic effects. Therefore, for selecting kernel volume traits in breeding process, inbred lines should be selected in later generations, and combinations should be directly selected by considering both kernel volume performance and breeding goals.

  Research Progress on Influence Factors of Invivo Maternal Haploid Induction in Maize 2015, 31 (3):  239-243.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1890 Abstract + ( 678 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 973 ) Maize haploid breeding technology can significantly shorten the breeding cycles, improve breeding efficiency and play an important role in modern commercial breeding process, and producing haploid with large scale and high efficiency is the pre-condition of this technology. This paper summarized the influence factors of inducers, maternal genetic background, induction environment and pollination methods, which affected maternal haploids production by invivo induction. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the literatures, the paternal inducers and other influence factors were found to be both important for the production of a large number of invivo maternal haploids. The future studies and outlook for induction of maternal haploid were summarized and discussed, in order to promote the wide application of haploid breeding technology in maize.

  Development of SSR Markers in Sweet Corn Using Differentially Expressed Genes of Ears under Heat Stress 2015, 31 (3):  244-248.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1898 Abstract + ( 763 )   PDF ( 640KB )   ( 481 ) Based on the differentially expressed genes in ear development of Yuetian 13 cultivar under heat stress, 58 genes sequences from the database of maize genome, http://maizesequence.org/, were used to develop SSR markers for sweet corn by bioinformatics method. The results indicated that 252 SSRs in 53 of 58 genes sequences were detected using SSR Hunter software, accounting for 4.8%. 251 SSR primers were successfully designed by premier 5.0 software. In further research, 12 of 100 SSR primers showed clear polymorphisms and good stability among 3 sweet corn materials, accounted for 12.0% of all primers detected and could be applied to stress resistance research in sweet corn.

  ISSR Analysis on Sorghum-White Hull Sudangrass of Cross F1 and Its Chromosome Doubling Plants 2015, 31 (3):  249-252.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2148 Abstract + ( 656 )   PDF ( 536KB )   ( 401 ) The paper aims to clarify genetic differences and genetic distance of sorghum-white hull sudangrass of cross F1 and chromosome doubling plant of sorghum-white hull sudangrass hybrids F1 and lay the foundation and provide a scientific basis for further breeding of new varieties. ISSR markers for sorghum- white hull sudangrass of cross F1 and chromosome doubling plant of sorghum-white hull sudangrass of cross F1 were used to carry out the comparative analysis of polymorphic loci. The results showed that, ISSR markers were amplified with 6 suitable primers and 164 bands were obtained, among which the bands of polymorphic were 144, accounted for 86.9%. The genetic distance was ranged from 0.2690 to 0.5923, and the genetic distance between sorghum and doubling plant of sorghum-white hull sudangrass of cross F1 was further. Using the genetic distance value of 0.26 as threshold, the test materials could be divided into 3 kinds: sorghum and white hull sudangrass, sorghum- white hull sudangrass of cross F1 and doubling plant of sorghum- white hull sudangrass of cross F1.

  Optimization of Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation System of Island Cotton Li Qiong,Li Jinhua and Shu Wentao 2015, 31 (3):  253-259.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1779 Abstract + ( 620 )   PDF ( 813KB )   ( 503 ) In order to establish an efficient and large-scale cotton transgenic technology system to solve the problems, such as the conversion of cotton genotypes restricted, low conversion efficiency and the conversion rate of seedlings deformities etc., by using the agrobacterium-mediated gene transformation method, the Bt gene was introduced into embryogenic callus of xinhai16 (Xinjiang Sea Island cotton). The study aims to improve Sea Island cotton genetic transformation efficiency and establish a relatively efficient regeneration of transgenic plants seedling technology system. The results showed that: the callus subculture on callus proliferation resistant medium containing cefotaxime, following three times, each subculture medium containing cephalosporins had a concentration gradient, or we could let callus subculture 3 times, each time subculture containing 500 mg/L cefotaxime resistant callus proliferation medium MS2. Compared with the latter, the speed of resistant callus proliferation of the former is faster. What’s more, adding 50 mg/L Kan per 60 days, the seedling rate of transformed seedlings reached the maximum. Reducing the level of NH4 /NO3- had an effective role in improving the rate of somatic embryogenesis. Selecting subculture callus after 90 days, embryo induction rate could reach the maximum value. After subculture time of 90 days, embryoid induction rate reached the maximum; more than 180 days of subculture time, the callus could be abandoned. After transforming, the cotyledon abnormal embryos were obtained with a strong ability to regenerate, its secondary embryos could produce normal transgenic plants again by cultivating and this approach could effectively shorten the conversion period.

  Research on Bacillus Cereus for the Degumming of Ramie 2015, 31 (3):  260-264.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1759 Abstract + ( 736 )   PDF ( 674KB )   ( 433 ) In this paper, the contents of organics in the zymotic fluid during the ramie degumming process with high efficient bacteria L11 were measured periodically. Their change rules were also analyzed for studying the mechanism of biological degumming of ramie. The results showed that, the residual gum rate decreased greatly in the early period of degumming, flattened out in the middle period and decreased sharply again in the late periods of degumming. The quantity of live degumming bacteria increased continually in the early and middle periods of degumming and tended to decrease in the late period. The enzyme activity of pectinase and xylanase increased slowly in the early period, increased rapidly in the middle period and tended to decrease in the late period of degumming. The enzyme activity of cellulose was very low and changed little in the degumming process. The pH value decreased in the early and middle period and increased in the late periods, like a‘V’ shape. The content of protein firstly increased and then decreased, it showed a peak value. The curve of reducing sugar showed two peak values and varied like an‘M’shape.

  Effects of Diammonium Phosphate/Urea on the Thermal Behaviour and Carbonyl Compounds of Paper-making Process Reconstituted Tobacco Sheet Chen Gang,She Shike,Ge Shaolin and Zhou Shun 2015, 31 (3):  265-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2367 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 628KB )   ( 563 ) To deeply understand the role of diammonium phosphate (DAP)/urea (UR) compound additives in the quality improvement of reconstituted tobacco, the differences of the thermal decomposition process and the formation of carbonyl compounds between DURTS and RTS (the reconstituted tobacco sheet with and without DAP/UR system) were investigated. The results showed that: (1) compared with RTS, the second (142-275℃) and fifth (539-710℃) thermal degradation stages of DURTS gradually disappeared, and the maximal rate of weight loss during the fourth (372-539℃) thermal degradation stage reduced from 8.9 %/min to 6.9 %/min while the peak temperature (Tp4) increased by 11.2℃; (2) the end temperature of the second exothermal stage was increased from 532℃ to 564℃, which suggested that the thermal stability of RTS was enhanced by DAP/UR system; (3) the DAP/UR system inhibited the production of carbonyl compounds during the thermal decomposition process of reconstituted tobacco sheet, the yields of total carbonyl compounds reduced by 21.6%; (4) DURTS was obviously superior to RTS in terms of aroma quality, concentration, irritation, offensive odor and aftertaste, especially in reducing irritation and offensive odor.

  Evaluation on Efficient of Potato Producing Areas Based on Three-stage DEA Model 2015, 31 (3):  270-276.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1307 Abstract + ( 533 )   PDF ( 628KB )   ( 404 ) In order to realize the technical efficiency of potato producing in China, three-stage DEA Model is applied in 14 potato producing areas of China to calculate the real efficiency with economics effects, social effects and ecological effects. The results indicates that the level of economic development, the commodity rate, the disaster rate and other environmental variables, as well as random variables, are related to the efficiency of potato producing. Under the same environment and luck conditions, differences of pure technical efficiency of each potato producing provinces are relatively small, maintaining at a high level; scale efficiency have a significant differences but the overall level is not high, the scale efficiency has become a bottleneck restricting the potato technical efficiency. This paper argues that, in order to improve the technical efficiency of potato production in China, there are two directions: production scale and the macroscopic environment.

  Studying on The Content of Technology Mastery Planning about Modern Agricultural Demonstration Zone Liu Yan and Yin Zhihua 2015, 31 (3):  277-281.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2217 Abstract + ( 834 )   PDF ( 523KB )   ( 453 ) Modern agricultural demonstration zone is new model of modern agricultural development, with a market-oriented, technology-supported Characteristic. demonstration zone leads agricultural technological innovation, transformation and marketing, leads to the area of agriculture and rural economic development, which plays a good role model for agricultural modernization in China. With the construction of a national demonstration zone further expand the scope, demonstration zone must plan region's resources and leading industry, mastering the technology mastery level, technology management system, technological innovation system ,finding problems, it is the important significance to strengthen the scientific and technological support infrastructure of modern agricultural demonstration zone. The report analyses the content of modern agricultural science and technology support planning and builds the analysis framework, which hope to play the important theoretical guidance for modern agricultural demonstration zone planning.

  Comparative advantage of major agricultural Products in Sichuan 2015, 31 (3):  282-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1843 Abstract + ( 1448 )   PDF ( 522KB )   ( 455 ) To promote a new round of advantage agricultural products industry distribution , realize the sustainable development of sichuan agricultural advantages products, and improve agricultural competitiveness in Sichuan in this paper, related research were studied. According to the comparative advantage index method, the comparative advantage of Sichuan major agricultural products during 2009 to 2011 was analyzed from three different aspects, which were scale, efficiency and comprehensive comparative advantage index. The result is that canola, potatoes, tea, tobacco and rice were the dominant product after the ‘Wenchuan’ earthquake in Sichuan. The proposals which can improve the competitiveness of agricultural products in Sichuan were given. These results provide the basis for Sichuan agricultural crop production scientific development and resources of optimal allocation. These results also lay the foundation for the Sichuan agricultural crop production and industrial layout.