Abstract: By the GIS analysis technology and comprehensive analysis of the Voronoi diagram Cv value, we explore the mechanism of rural residential distribution in Zhongxian, and find out the trend of the distribution regularity for land planning and land management at the county and township level, in order to provide intuitive guidance. According to the settlement geography research methods, we establish Voronoi diagram, elevation, gradient, slope direction, road and water system factor, and carried out spatial analysis method and qualitative- quantitative analysis method. Results show that the overall Cv value of Zhongxian is 85.52%, the cluster distribution of rural settlements are mainly distributed in elevation of 400-700 m, mostly distributed within 7°-15°, 32.50%; under the influence of slop, the northwest slope distribution is the most, 14.95%; under the influence of the road factor, the rural residential areas have the highest density in 50-100 m buffer area, 64.38 /km²; rural residential areas are mainly 100-200 m away from water.