Abstract: Bone cavity hole of animal skull was out of the channel of nerves and blood vessels in the head, the bone hole morphology and the relationships with nerves and blood vessels were clarified, it is important for the production of mammalian nerve head specimens and neurosurgery. The data on skull morphology of the argli were reported in this paper, which involved bone hole anatomical features and measurement, compared with skull of the modern domestic sheep. The results indicated that there were total 13 pairs of holes and a bone foramen magnum in the skull of argali, and it was existed the corresponding nerves and blood vessels in every bone holes, The diameter for each bone hole as follows: supraorbital foramen was 10.04 mm, infraorbital foramen was 7.65 mm, foramen magnum was 21.76 mm, jugular foramen was 5.04 mm, carotid foramen was 7.86 mm, temporal orbital hole was 6.67 mm, wings foramen ovale was 18.21 mm, temporal foramen was 6.54 mm, Optic foramen was 6.28 mm, the hole under palate was 4.71 mm, palatine foramen was 4.58 mm, mandibular foramen was 9.10mm, mental foramen was 4.98 mm. Bone hole anatomical features of wild argali sheep skull consistent with the modern domestic sheep. It provided some scientific bases for the study of plateau adaptive evolution, mammalian neurobiology and the teaching of animal anatomy.