Abstract: To construct better population structure of the high-yield spring maize, optimize population physiological function and give full play to the potential yield of maize varieties, we studied dry matter production and population photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize under different modes (traditional model, optimal model, higher yield model) from the aspects of the corn varieties, density and fertilizer management. The results showed that maize yield increased 10.79% of optimal model and higher yield model increased 27.62% in comparison with farmers practice. Further, these two models both remarkably reduced the length of maize bald tip. The leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), dry matter accumulation (DMA) and crop growth rate (CGR) were the important indicators of population photosynthetic characteristics. Statistic analysis showed these indictors of three models appeared in a same ascending order as higher yield model > optimal model > traditional model. We concluded that optimize variety, increase density reasonably and strengthen fertilizer management were the key measures to keep higher yield of spring maize.