Abstract: In order to investigate the physiological and biochemical characteristics of hemolymph in Buthus martensii Karsch in Northern Shaanxi, scorpion hemolymph was collected by acupuncture and osmotic pressure, pH, total protein content, cell quantity and type were determined. The results showed that the color of hemolymph was amber. The weight of hemolymph accounted for 4.64% of its body weight. Its osmotic pressure was corresponding to that of 0.6% NaCl. Its pH value was 6.4~6.7. Protein content in scorpion hemolymph was 27.013 mg/mL and cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis showed 7 bands. The total number of blood cells in scorpion hemolymph was 1.79 × 107 per milliliter. Five kinds of cells and their proportions were identified, which were prohemocyte (75.37%)， oenocytoide (1.73%)， plasmatocyte (2.30%), cystocyte (21.31%) and granulocyte (1.98%). These results provided series of experimental data for artificial breeding and further develop and utilization of scorpion resources in Northern Shaanxi, and had important theoretical and realistic significance.