Abstract: To improve quality of rural residential environment, increase the intensive use level of rural residential land and promote regional coordinated development, theoretical rural residential land consolidation potential of each town in Huairou District in Beijing was calculated by construction land per capita method. Then theoretical potential was corrected by evaluation index system constructed by geographical conditions, land use efficiency, social conditions and economic conditions. The realistic potential was calculated and classified based on the corrected data. The results showed that rural construction land per capita was 186.45 m², exceeding national standard. The realistic rural residential land consolidation potential of towns in Huairou District was 628.56 hm² and there were obvious differences among different towns. Miaocheng Town had the largest realistic consolidation potential which was 131.42 hm², and Yangsong Town had the smallest realistic consolidation potential which was only 3.22 hm². Huairou District could be divided into 3 classes according to land consolidation potential of each town. Class Ⅰ had the smallest realistic potential, class Ⅱ took the second place and class Ⅲ had the largest realistic potential. The results in this study reflected the differences of rural residential land consolidation potential among towns in Huairou District and provided guiding significance for present rural residential land consolidation in Huairou District.