Current issue

• 2015 Vol.31 No.19 Published:28 July 2015

  Research on Key Cultivation Technology of Populus euramericana ‘Quanhong’ 2015, 31 (19):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020083 Abstract + ( 936 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 597 ) In order to explore key cultivation technology of Populus euramericana‘Quanhong’ , a research on it was carried out with methods including shading, irrigation with snow-melting agent, pigment measurement, material analysis, stock selection and field observation. The results showed that there were two peaks on the curve of diurnal variations of net photosynthetic rate of Populus euramericana‘Quanhong’ ; the tree could not tolerate high basking, but performed better in shade- tolerance. Hence, it grew well in slight shading area. Furthermore, Populus euramericana‘Quanhong’was resistant to snow-melting agent to a certain extent, and could be used as border trees. In addition, index values of Populus euramericana‘Quanhong’were just second to that of Populus × canadensis Moench, and therefore, Populus euramericana‘Quanhong’could be used for timber forests. The optimal stock was Populus cathayana, for which the grafted trees grew straight and tall, whose bark was dark grey or greenish and crown was purplish red, thus could add more colors to the landscape.

  Optimization of the Rooting Conditions of Tamarix taklamakanensis Cuttings 2015, 31 (19):  7-12.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010208 Abstract + ( 1440 )   PDF ( 668KB )   ( 469 ) To solve the problem of rare rooting of the cuttings of Tamarix taklamakanensis, the pioneer trees for sand fixation on mobile sand, the authors conducted tests to screen the key factors, such as the cutting medium, cutting length, cutting lignification degree and exogenous external treatment, and discussed the optimization conditions for cutting propagation. The results showed that the cutting propagation ability of Tamarix taklamakanensis is generally low, with the survival rate of cuttings between 6.67% to 31.11%. The optimum cutting was the hard branch one with the length of 15 cm, the survival rate of cuttage reched 31.11% in hard-wood cutting and 10.37% in cutting with the length of 15 cm. The optimum medium was the loam with moisturizing performance, cutting survival rate was 9.63% . The effect of external hormones treatment on rooting was significant, especially those treated with 200 mg/L IBA for 20 min, in which, the rooting ratio reached 14.07% and was 6 to 7 times of CK treatments. Among treantments with different concentrations, the survival rate of cuttings treated with 200 mg/L IBA was 22.22% , while among treatments with different durations, the survival rate of cuttings treated with IBA for 20 min was 24.44%.

  Relationship Between Leaf Color in Autumn and Winter and Physiological Changes of Four Species of Quercus 2015, 31 (19):  13-18.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010198 Abstract + ( 918 )   PDF ( 835KB )   ( 613 ) In order to study the physiological mechanism of Quercus leaves during the color changing period in autumn and winter, four species of Ouercus: Quercus coccinea, Quercus nuttallii, Quercus shumardi, Quercus palustris, were investigated to determine the changes of chlorophyll, carotenoid, anthocyanin and soluble sugar, soluble protein in this period. Results showed that contents of chlorophyll a, b and a+b decreased obviously, which exhibited a quick decrease in the early stage and a slow decrease in the late stage. Variations of carotenoid in Quercus coccinea and Quercus shumardi first decreased, then increased and in the end decreased, whereas the other two species showed a smooth downward trend; the content of anthocyanin presented a trend of fluctuant rise. The changes of chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b were subdued at first and then decreased rapidly; the content of soluble sugar in Quercus coccinea presented a unimodal curve, while that of the other three species showed a bimodal curve with no significant correlation with anthocyanin. There was a positive correlation between the content of protein and anthocyanin.

  Effects of NaCl Stress on Several Physiologica Characteristics and Seedling Growth of Acer saccharinum 2015, 31 (19):  19-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010194 Abstract + ( 668 )   PDF ( 693KB )   ( 426 ) In order to study the salt-tolerance of Acer saccharinum seedling, taking one-year old seedlings of Acer saccharinum as test materials, this paper studied their biomass, photosynthesis, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content, MDA, POD and SOD activities under the stress of different concentrations of NaCl. The results showed that salt stress inhibited the growth of seedlings, reduced chlorophyll content and photosynthesis; increased soluble sugar content and MDA; POD and SOD showed a trend of first increasing then declining. Based on the correlation analysis and principal component analysis of physiological index of salt resistance, it is determined that intercellular CO2 concentration, transpiration rate and biomass could be used as the salt-tolerance indicators of Acer saccharinum, and the salt tolerance of Acer saccharinum was blow 0.4%.

  Coupling Effects of Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Soil Compaction, Soil Salt and Economic Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco 2015, 31 (19):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010161 Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 489KB )   ( 461 ) In order to investigate the optimal mode of irrigation and nitrogen application rate for growing tobacco in western Henan, the coupling effects of different irrigation times and nitrogen application rates on dry matter accumulation, soil compaction, soil salt and economic characteristics of flue- cured tobacco were studied using split plot experiment. The results showed that both of irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer application could improve dry matter accumulation of flue- cured tobacco. Under N1 (60 kg/hm2) level, the dry matter accumulation of irrigation treatments increased by 44.41- 65.34 g/plant compared with non- irrigation treatment. Soil compaction firstly increased and then decreased. At 80 days after transplanting, the soil compaction of nitrogen fertilizer treatments was higher than that of non-irrigation treatment. At 60 days and 80 days after transplanting, the soil salt of irrigation treatments increased compared with non-irrigation treatment. Among 3 different nitrogen rates, the N2 level (90 kg/hm2) got the highest yield (1706.3 kg/hm2). Among 3 irrigation methods, the W1 level (irrigation once at fast-growing stage) got the highest yield (1683.1 kg/hm2). The output value of W1N1 (irrigation once at fast- growing stage + N 60 kg/hm2) treatment was the highest compared with other treatments, reached 30665 yuan/hm2. Comprehensive analysis suggested that the combination of irrigation once at fast-growing stage with N of 60 kg/hm2 was suitable for tobacco growing in western Henan.

  Analysis of Genetic Diversity with RAPD Markers for Local Tea Populations in Guizhou 刘声传,罗显扬,,陆建良 and 2015, 31 (19):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020030 Abstract + ( 989 )   PDF ( 1526KB )   ( 512 ) The genetic diversity of four local tea plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] populations in Guizhou was analyzed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers to breed characteristic excellent cultivars. The genetic distance of four populations including C. sinensis ‘Guiding-niaowangcha’ (G), C. sinensis ‘Duyun-maojiancha’ (D), C. sinensis ‘Meitan-taicha’ (M) ,and C. sinensis ‘Shiqian-taicha’ (S) was 0.1792-0.8328, 0.1745-0.8518, 0.1480-0.6507, and 0.1516-0.8691, respectively. In addition, based on Nei’s gene diversity index, Shannon’s index ,and RAPD bands polymorphism analysis, the genetic diversity among four populations was G>D>M>S. Our data showed that these populations had a rich genetic diversity. Their genetic variation was mainly distributed within populations.

  Present Status and Application Perspectives of Microbial Pesticide in Orchards 刘 伟,史华平,王芸芸,, and 2015, 31 (19):  35-40.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010034 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 552KB )   ( 685 ) Microbial pesticides belong to bio- pesticides and can be divided into two categories: living microorganisms and agricultural antibiotics. Microbial pesticides are more widely used in biological control of fruit pests and diseases. From a dialectical point of view, the pros and cons of microbial pesticides are analyzed according to the characteristics of microbial pesticides. Microbial pesticides have many advantages, such as being safe to non-target organisms, stable controlling effects, having wonderful environmental compatibility and wide resources, etc. There are other aspects of microbial pesticides that we should note and improve, such as slow medicinal effects, being vulnerable to environmental factors and the narrow range of pest control, etc. From the point of ecological organic agriculture, applications of microbial germicides, microbial insecticides and microbial herbicides are elaborated in detail. From the perspective of the integration of research, teaching and production, some problems in the process of microbial pesticides research, development and promotion are analyzed, including low transformation rate of research, mixed product quality, imperfect evaluation system of the products. In future studies, we should strengthen the screening research and commercialization of microbial strains, establish and improve the development, production and marketing system of microbial pesticide.

  Establishment of Regeneration System in Vitro for Pyrus betulaefolia Cotyledon 2015, 31 (19):  41-47.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15030233 Abstract + ( 940 )   PDF ( 2274KB )   ( 353 ) In order to lay a certain foundation for the improvement of pear tree cultivars, the genetic transformation and the functional verification, Pyrus betulaefolia cotyledon explants were taken as test materials. This research studied the effects of basic culture medium, plant growth regulator, dark incubation time, carbon source, explants and other factors on the regeneration ability, screened out suitable conditions for the cultures of the adventitious bud differentiation and the rooting of Pyrus betulaefolia, and established the regeneration system for Pyrus betulaefolia cotyledon. The results showed that: the best culture medium in which cotyledon induced the growth of adventitious buds was NN69+6-BA 5 mg/L+IBA 0.05 mg/L+sucrose 35 g/L, and its regeneration frequency was 100%; after budding, the best subculture medium was MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L, and its average bud regeneration number was 4.84; the best culture medium inducing adventitious buds to take root was 1/2 MS+IBA 1.0 mg/L+sucrose 30 g/L, and the rooting rate was 80%. By optimizing the above conditions, this research had established the efficient regeneration system for Pyrus betulaefolia cotyledon.

  Ecological Suitability Analysis of‘Granny Smith’ in Ningxia 2015, 31 (19):  48-53.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010081 Abstract + ( 711 )   PDF ( 511KB )   ( 476 ) In order to reasonably plan and establish high acid apple production base, ecological adaptability of ‘Granny Smith’in various regions in Ningxia was studied. According to its characteristics of growth and development, using the information of air temperature, precipitation, sunshine hours, frost free period, accumulated temperature and soil type in Ningxia, the author analyzed the suitability of‘Granny Smith’to climate and soil conditions. The results showed that the ecological conditions of Yellow River irrigation area was suitable for planting‘Granny Smith’due to the abundant sunshine, suitable heat resources, fertile soil and irrigation facilities. North of the middle dry area was the less suitable area for‘Granny Smith’ . South of the middle dry area and south mountain area were the unsuitable areas due to short frost free period and obviously insufficient active accumulated temperature. The study can provide reference for the rational planning of ‘Granny Smith’production base.

  Study on the Fruit Development and Quality Formation of Nectarine Under Protected Cultivation in Southern Xinjiang 2015, 31 (19):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010146 Abstract + ( 745 )   PDF ( 552KB )   ( 395 ) The aim of this experiment was to study the fruit development and main quality indexes’formation of nectarine under protected cultivation in southern Xinjiang arid areas. With‘Zhongyoutao No.5’as the experimental material, the author tested and analyzed external and internal fruit quality indexes by periodical sampling during fruit development. The research results demonstrated that in the protected cultivation, the fruit growth curve of‘Zhongyoutao No.5’was double‘S’shape and in accordance with stone fruits. The internal fruit quality indexes such as titratable acid, soluble sugar, sucrose, vitamin C and soluble solids accumulated rapidly or changed before close to maturity, the fruit flavour was improved because of sugar- acid ratio gradually increased. The key period of fruit development and quality formation was 15 days before fruit maturation. In order to improve fruit quality, it is important to emphasize nutrition supply and fertilizer regulating in the later stage of fruit growth.

  A Preliminary Report on Evaluation and Selection of Excellent White Flesh Pitaya Strains 2015, 31 (19):  58-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120023 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 521KB )   ( 553 ) In order to breed excellent quality and high yield strains of white flesh pitaya, 112 seedling progenies of‘Conghua Zhixing’white flesh pitaya cultivar were cultivated. Then the growth characteristics, the high yield characteristics, the fruit economic traits and internal quality were analyzed and compared. The best one which marked as 184-4 was selected by the comprehensive quality. The average fruit weight of this new strain was 301.48 g (max about 500 g) and the total soluble solid was 14.8%. It has attractive fruit surface, high quality and high yield.

  Research on Fruit Enlargement of‘Summer black’ 2015, 31 (19):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010030 Abstract + ( 1118 )   ‘Summer black’is one of the main grape varieties under shelter cultivation in south China. Due to its triploid nucleus sterility, enlarging fruit is required in production. To discover an effective method, this study compared once-treatment with twice-treatment by applying different formulations at different periods. The results showed that in twice-treatment of‘Summer black’, soaking was conducted with a concentration of GA3 30 mg/L at blooming stage, then GA3 20 mg/L plus CPPU 3.5 mg/L was applied after 15 days. Under this treatment, fruit ear weight could reach 400 g, berry weight was 6.33 g, and total soluble solid content reached 18.4%. In once-treatment, GA3 50 mg/L plus CPPU 2.5 mg/L was applied for soaking 3 days after full blossom, fruit ear weight could reach 400 g, berry weight was 5.56 g, and total soluble solid content was 18.0%.

  Effects of Growth Characteristics of Blueberry Under Water-Controlled Irrigation and Plastic Film Mulching 张会慧,魏殿文,徐海军 and 2015, 31 (19):  67-73.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120158 Abstract + ( 769 )   PDF ( 858KB )   ( 396 ) The paper aims to study water requirement for the growth and development of blueberry and the effect of plastic film mulching on blueberry under different water conditions. With blueberry‘Blomidon’as the test material, the author investigated the effect of film mulching on the growth of blueberry under watercontrolled irrigation for 3 consecutive years in the Greater Khingan Range area of China. The results showed that the moisture condition significantly affect the blueberry plant growth. Without plastic mulch and under 3 gradients of artificial water control in different years, the blueberry plant height, north-south and east-west crown diameter and diameter of branches and the branches increased in various degrees compared with that of CK. Soil relative water content maintained at 45%- 60% was more suitable for the growth of blueberry. In addition, the non irrigation treatment (CK) and the plastic film mulching treatment with relative soil water content maintained at 30%-45% could obviously promote the growth of blueberry plants.

  Influence of Environment on Pod Quantity of Six Okra Cultivars 2015, 31 (19):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040113 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 698KB )   ( 562 ) In order to explore the effects of environmental temperature and humidity on pod quantity of Abelmoschus esculentus L., six varieties of okra (three different types) were applied as materials and greenhouse facility cultivation and the field cultivation (as control) were carried out in this study. Environmental temperature and humidity and pod quantity of okra were surveyed. The results showed that under greenhouse cultivation environment, along with the changes in temperature and humidity, the average pod quantity (each week/one plot) of variety LQK-1 and HQK-3 increased compared with that under field cultivation. Also, the average pod quantity (each week/one plant) of green okra varieties (35- 65) was more than that of red okra varieties (16-39) at a level of significant difference, and the average pod quantity (each week/one plant) of red variety HQK-2 (2-2.7) was the lowest. The effects of environmental temperature and humidity on pod quantity of different okra types were inconsistent. The dwarf type is suitable for greenhouse facility cultivation. The pod quantity can be used as a selection characteristic for DUS testing to distinguish varieties.

  The Relationship Between Aphid-resistance of Different Cucumber Materials and Part of Secondary Metabolites and Their Related Enzyme Activities 2015, 31 (19):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010197 Abstract + ( 691 )   PDF ( 666KB )   ( 431 ) The paper aims to breed new cucumber varieties with high resistance to aphids, and provide theoretical basis for the identification of cucumber aphid-resistance. According to the method of ratio of aphid, the hairy cucumber (an ordinary cucumber) was used as the control of less anti- aphid ability, while the glabrous cucumber (the mutant of the ordinary cucumber, its surface is smooth without hairs, with high anti-aphid ability) was used as the control of anti-aphid, 370 home and abroad cucumber germplasm resources were taken as test materials to the anti- aphid screening classification, and aphids were inoculated to the cucumber materials with different levels of anti-aphid ability. The author studied the content change of some secondary metabolites including flavonoids, tannins and total phenol, and the enzyme activities of phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in the leaves before and after inoculation of aphids. The results showed that: the anti-aphid material was No.118, the medium anti-aphid materials were No.311 and No.227, and the low anti- aphid material was No.321. After inoculating aphids in leaves, the content of flavonoids and the activity of PAL and PPO in the leaves of the glabrous cucumber, which was the high antiaphid material, were higher than that of the other anti-aphid materials; the contents of tannins and total phenol in the leaves of No.118, which was the anti-aphid material, were the highest among the anti-aphid materials, and the activity of PPO in its leaves was second only to that of the glabrous cucumber; the content of tannins and total phenol, as well as the activity of PPO in the leaves of the medium anti-aphid material No.227 were second only to that of No.118; the content of flavonoids and total phenol, as well as the activity of PAL in the leaves of the medium anti-aphid material No.311 were higher; the activity of PAL in the leaves of the low antiaphid material No.227 was second only to that of glabrous cucumber; the content of flavonoids, as well as the activity of PAL and PPO in the leaves of the anti- aphid materials were all higher than that of the hairy cucumber. In conclusion, by this test, cucumber materials with different levels of anti-aphid were screened, and aphid-resistance of different cucumber materials had a close relationship with the contents of flavonoid, tannin and total phenol which were secondary metabolites, as well as the PAL and PPO which were the most important enzymes in the secondary metabolic processes.

  Combining Ability and Heritability of Fruit Quality Characters After Griffing Complete Diallel Crossing of Tomato Parents 2015, 31 (19):  87-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020039 Abstract + ( 823 )   PDF ( 538KB )   ( 655 ) In order to improve the matching probability of tomato advantage combination, combining ability and heritability of four fruit quality traits of six tomato parents and 30 hybrid combinations were studied. Six tomato parents (referred to as No.42, No.43, No.44, No.50, No.63, No.69 in the text) were used to develop 30 hybrid combinations by Griffing complete diallel crossing. The author carried out the difference analysis on pulp thickness, fruit hardness, vitamin C contents and contents of soluble sugar of F test values, found that all traits were at significant or extremely significant level, therefore, there was statistical significance of the differences of selected parents on pulp thickness, fruit hardness, vitamin C contents and contents of soluble sugar. According to the performance of general combining ability effect and special combining ability effect of four quality traits of each parent, No.43 had the highest or higher general combining ability in contents of soluble sugar and fruit hardness, which were 0.1557 and 0.0917, respectively; No.69 had the highest general combining ability in tomato vitamin C contents, which was 80.8132. In the selection of comprehensive performance excellent quality traits, combination No.50×No.43 had high special combining ability effect of four quality traits, and was a good breeding variety.

  Suitability Evaluation of Stropharia rugoso-annulata Mycelium Culture with Microbial Fermentation Bed Humus as Substitute Material 2015, 31 (19):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010189 Abstract + ( 790 )   PDF ( 485KB )   ( 448 ) The microbial fermentation bed humus is the waste produced in the modernization animal husbandry breeding industry. In order to avoid causing the environmental pollution, it must reuse it with multimode as resource recovery. Comparing its mycelium morphology and growth speed, and evaluating the suitability of stropharia rugoso-annulata mycelium culture with microbial fermentation bed humus as substitute material, by microbial fermentation bed humus with different proportion as the main substrate raw material. The results showed that the mycelium of group Ⅰwas gracile and sparse that material wheat bran completely replaced, it was not used as a substitute material; the mycelium of groupⅡ grew slowly that material sawdust completely replaced; the mycelium of the other formula that adding the wheat bran were all pure white and thickening, the growth situation of the mycelium was same as group CK. In view of the same growth situation of the mycelium, it can continue optimizing the application method of microbial fermentation bed humus as a substitute material, and select the best substitution proportion to culture the mycelium of stropharia rugoso-annulata.

  A Preliminary Study on Sophora japonica Pollen Preservation Method 牛燕娥 and 2015, 31 (19):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010143 Abstract + ( 962 )   PDF ( 1944KB )   ( 565 ) The study aims at early acquisition and preservation of Sophora japonica pollen, avoiding inconvenience of artificial pollination and cross pollination, and prolonging the pollen viability during pollen pollination. Simple methods to evaluate the viability and to find out the time of pollen germination were established. Pollen viability was assessed by improving a growing media and evaluating three common pollen germination media components: agar, sucrose, and boric acid. Meanwhile, the pollen in room temperature (about 27℃ ) and in the refrigerator freezer (4℃ ) were differentiated to determine their longevity. Results showed that optimal germination of pollen was obtained at 1 g agar+1 g sucrose+100 mg/L boric acid. The time of pollen germination was 60 minutes. Under the same number of preservation days, the pollen germination rate in refrigerator freezer was significantly higher than that in room temperature. The pollen stored 5 days in refrigerator freezer was suitable for pollen pollination of Sophora japonica, and the pollen germination rate was greater than 50 percent. The suitable preservation method for field pollination of Sophora japonica pollen has been obtained, which can provide a reference for research on hybridization breeding of Sophora plant.

  Review of Temperature Effect on Anthocyanin Synthesis 2015, 31 (19):  101-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020097 Abstract + ( 1235 )   PDF ( 460KB )   ( 1641 ) The aim was to find out the influence of temperature on plant coloration. The important role of temperature in the composite process of anthocyanin was summed up. The temperature affecting anthocyanin synthesis through a variety of ways was summarized. The temperature influences on the physiological metabolism, stability and key enzymes of the anthocyanin were analyzed. It was considered that the largest influencing factor for cytochrome enzyme was temperature in anthocyanin synthetic pathway. The paper pointed out that the synthesis of anthocyanin was influenced by multiple factors, and study on single factor and multiple factors should be integrated to explore the color mechanism of plants.

  Research Progress on the Physiology of Bulb Vigor of Lily 2015, 31 (19):  106-110.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010096 Abstract + ( 686 )   PDF ( 498KB )   ( 349 ) In recent years, the domestic and foreign researches on the physiological aspects of seed vigor have developed quickly, but the researches concerning lily bulb vigor were relatively lagged behind. The article, combined with some literature view of seed research, from aspects of vigor expression of bulb, biological basis, molecular biology and activity regulation material, elaborated research progress on physiological concept of lily bulb vigor and expression, and proposed strategies and prospects on promoting the research for bulb vigor. Key words: lily; bulb vigor; physiology; activity regulation; progress

  Research on the Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation Technology of Dendrobiun chrysotoxum Lindl 2015, 31 (19):  111-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010095 Abstract + ( 980 )   PDF ( 1107KB )   ( 453 ) he seeds from mature fruit of Dendrobiun chrysotoxum Lindl were used as explants to study the suitable medium for aseptic seedlings proliferation and rooting, and the culture condition of aseptic seedlings proliferation was optimized. The results showed that aseptic seedling could be formed directly from seeds, then through its proliferation and rooting to generate complete plants, thus to realize the large-scale production of Dendrobiun chrysotoxum seedling. The suitable culture medium was selected, the optimal medium for aseptic seedling proliferation was MS+0.5 mg/L NAA+2.0 mg/L BA+50 g/L banana puree, proliferation coefficient was 4.7 and they grew well; while the optimal medium for rooting was 1/2MS+0.3 mg/L NAA, the roots of root seedlings were long and thick, the leaves were also thick. Optimization conditions of proliferation: the proliferation coefficient was the highest and plants grew the best while the suitable sugar concentration was 30 g/L, the suitable organic additive was banana puree and the suitable clump planting bud number was 5 each.

  Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of TUB Gene Fragments from Cymbidium faberi 2015, 31 (19):  117-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-1356 Abstract + ( 785 )   PDF ( 715KB )   ( 460 ) TUB of Cymbidium faberi was cloned and analyzed in sequence, and the results would provide an important basis for selecting a reference gene and studying the function of TUB. According to the conserved sequences of the TUB homologous genes in GenBank, a pair of primers was designed. TUB genes were identified from the pedicels of C. faberi by homologous cloning. Five TUB genes were successfully cloned and characterized. The sequencing result showed that each of the five TUB gene fragments contained 1055 bp， encoding a protein of 351 amino acids. Each TUB contained the signature sequence Tubulin- beta mRNA autoregulation signal (MREI) and Tubulin subunits alpha, beta, and gamma signature (GGGTGSG). They shared 91.72% nucleotide sequence homology with each other and 85% nucleotide sequence homology with Triticum aestivum. The deduced amino acid sequence shared 97% homology with TUB of Populus trichocarpa, Ricinus communis, Vitis vinifera. The cloned genes were TUB gene fragments, named as CfTUB1, CfTUB2, CfTUB3, CfTUB4 and CfTUB5, respectively. They were registered into GenBank(respective accession number: JN177713, JN177714, JN177715, JN177716 and JN177717).

  Toxicity Measurement of 12 Fungicides on Phyllosticta commonsiy from Peony 2015, 31 (19):  122-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2458 Abstract + ( 786 )   PDF ( 445KB )   ( 478 ) In order to select effective chemicals to control Phyllosticta commonsii, indoor toxicity of twelve fungicides on Phyllosticta commonsii, and their relative inhibition rates at 10 mg/L against Phyllosticta commonsii were tested by the hypha growth rate in lab and toxicity measurement with five different concentrations. The results showed that, at 10 mg/L, 70% chlorothalonil WP had the strongest relative inhibition rate against Phyllosticta commonsii, with the relative inhibition rate of (65.19±2.80)%; then was the relative inhibition rate of the 80% mancozeb, which was (64.81±4.49)%, the relative inhibitory rate of 32% YBJ was the lowest, which was (25.56+4.01)%. The results indicated that in laboratory, eight kinds of fungicide of the test concentration had a certain inhibition effect on the growth of Phyllosticta commonsii. Muldewcarbendazim (50%) showed the best effect on the Phyllosticta commonsii, its EC50 value was only 2.6268 mg/L, the following one was chlorothalonil WP (70%), its EC50 value was 2.9781 mg/L. In addition carbendazim and hymexazol also had effective inhibition. The study provided the basis for controlling Phyllosticta commonsii in field.

  A Study on the Flora of Pteridophyte in North China 2015, 31 (19):  126-134.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-0531 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 645KB )   ( 688 ) To understand the distribution and characteristics of wild pteridophyte resources in North China, find out similarity of ferns between different districts, and provide scientific basis for introduction of ferns, this paper adopted the literature statistics combined with field investigation method, and analyzed the relationship between the fern flora in North China according to the similarity coefficient calculation formula proposed by Sprenson. The results showed that the distribution of 146 species of pteridophytes (including 9 varieties and 2 forms), belonged to 24 families, 44 genera. The ratio of fern families, genera and species in North China to the total ferns in China, respectively, was 38.10% , 19.30% and 4.87% . Dominant families were Athyriaceae, Dryopteridaceae, Aspleniaceae, et al. There were 8 dominant families that contained more than 10 kinds of ferns, which included 24 genera and 108 species, accounting for 73.97% of the total number in the area. Dominant genera were Asplenium, Selaginella, Equisetum, et al. There were 5 dominant genera that contained more than 10 kinds of ferns, which included 54 species, accounting for 36.99% of the total number in the area. Fern species in North China was not rich, but the geographical composition was diverse, temperate components were the dominant, tropical composition only occupied a certain proportion. The unigeneric and monotypic genus were more, and the advantage phenomenon was obvious. Most of ferns were lithophytes, next were native plants, and hydrophytes and epiphytes were few. The species similarity of different districts was big; the similarity coefficient of Beijing and Hebei was 81.8%.

  Research Summary and Landscape Application of Ornamental Grasses 2015, 31 (19):  135-143.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010100 Abstract + ( 1031 )   PDF ( 726KB )   ( 875 ) With the development of ecological gardens, as horticultural plants, ornamental grasses were becoming increasingly popular and applied to landscape. Data analysis showed that published literatures on ornamental grasses increased with time, and some of the ornamental grasses, such as Miscanthus, Pennisetum and Cortaderia, were well studied on genetic resource, landscape application, environmental adaptability, resistance, and invasion risk. In terms of landscape application, approximately 100 species (including cultivars) of ornamental grasses were frequently applied, but were limited to metropolis cities or some economically developed regions. In addition, there were some problems on the application of ornamental grasses, such as few local cultivated breed, small application areas, relatively bald application forms and configuration methods. It is worth mentioning that ornamental grasses may play an important role in the application of city greening and ecological reconstruction due to their wide adaptability, low- input maintenance costs, and strong resistance. Moreover, environmental risk and ecological securities are increasingly apparent and need special attention during landscape application of ornamental grasses.

  Study on Extraction and Antioxidation of Cordyceps Polysaccharide 2015, 31 (19):  144-148.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14110175 Abstract + ( 888 )   PDF ( 676KB )   ( 588 ) In order to study the best extraction technology of Cordyceps polysaccharide of Cordyceps militaris and its antioxidant function, orthogonal testing [L9(34)] was used to optimize extraction condition for extracting polysaccharide from fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris. Total reducing power, scavenging activity of DPPH and antibacterial capacity of Cordyceps polysaccharide were measured. The results showed that the optimal parameters of ultrasound-assisted hot water extracting Cordyceps polysaccharide were ultrasonic power of 105 W, ultrasonic time of 40 minutes, liquid-solid ratio of 1:25, hot water extraction time of 40 minutes, hot water extraction temperature at 70℃. Yield of polysaccharide was 2.6602% under the optimized condition. Reducing power was the highest when the concentration of Cordyceps militaris was 2.4 mg/mL. DPPH scavenging power was the strongest when the concentration of Cordyceps militaris was 0.45 mg/mL.

  Content Determination and Analysis of Amino Acid in Radix Bupleuri Root 2015, 31 (19):  149-153.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120096 Abstract + ( 572 )   PDF ( 520KB )   ( 350 ) The aim was to study the nutrient value and health care medicinal effect of Radix Bupleuri. The amino acid content and composition of dry roots of 11 kinds of Radix Bupleuri were tested by L-8900 type amino acid analyzer and analyzed in this paper. The result indicated that there were 17 kinds of amino acids in the tested materials, including 7 kinds of essential amino acids for human body and 2 kinds of essential amino acids for children as well as many kinds of taste amino acids, etc. Tryptophan was not detected because it was destroyed in the process of hydrolysis. The E/N value of amino acid in 11 kinds of radix bupleuri was 0.291- 0.510; the E/T value of amino acid was 22.5%-33.8%, the RAA and RC were numerically close to 1, and the value of SRC was above 80, which was close to 100. The proportions of the essential amino acid to the total amino acid in the roots of 11 kinds of Radix Bupleuri were mostly in accordance with the FAO/WHO amino acid pattern spectrum. But leucine and phenylalanine+tyrosine were moderately short.

  Evaluation of Resistance to Carrot Black Rot According to Relative Resistance Index 2015, 31 (19):  154-158.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120052 Abstract + ( 832 )   PDF ( 630KB )   ( 506 ) The method of evaluating resistance to carrot black rot at seedling stage was established and the resistant varieties were screened. Identification of disease resistance to carrot black rot was performed by artificial spray inoculation at seedling stage of the carrot in the same field for two years, the evaluation standard of resistance types was established and clustering analysis of carrot varieties was evaluated according to relative resistance index (RRI) comparison. The evaluation standard of resistance was establish as: HR, RRI≥ 1.4; R, 1.1≤RRI＜1.4; MR, 0.5≤RRI＜1.1; S, 0.1≤RRI＜0.5; HS, RRI＜0.1. The tested carrot varieties including two varieties of high resistant type, three varieties of resistant type, three varieties of middle resistant type, one variety of middle resistance sensitive type and two varieties of high sensitive type. The method and the standard of resistance evaluation to carrot black rot in this study could be the basis for resistance breeding and species selection.

  Development and Reproduction of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) Under Conditions of Low Temperatures 2015, 31 (19):  159-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040190 Abstract + ( 844 )   PDF ( 768KB )   ( 460 ) In order to explore the influence of low temperature on the development and reproduction of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), and to have a full knowledge of the pest in the work of IPM, F. occidentalis were reared under 5℃ and 10℃ respectively in the incubator and their development and reproduction were investigated and recorded. The results showed that F. occidentalis could not complete a life cycle at 5℃. The eggs could not be hatched, the first instar nymphs were able to develop into the second instars but unable to develop into pupae. The pupae could develop into adults but the adults could not lay eggs. When being placed under the condition of 10℃ , the thrips could complete a life cycle but showed a significant prolonged developmental time compared with that under 25℃. The results indicated that the low temperature resulted in delayed development and decreased fecundity of F. occidentalis. However, the thrips could return to normal growth when transferred from low temperature to room temperature, indicating that F. Occidentalis has strong tolerence to low temperature. In the control of this pest, it is necessary to pay attention to its tolerence to low temperature, and measures should be taken to prevent the burst of F. occidentalis when the temperture and the population begin to increase during the early spring.

  Magnetic Susceptibility of Dustfall in Xi’ an City from 2012 to 2013 and Its Environmental Significance 2015, 31 (19):  166-172.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010245 Abstract + ( 761 )   PDF ( 787KB )   ( 378 ) The paper aims to understand the effects of dustfall on the environment in Xi’ an. The test on magnetic susceptibility was carried out with the dustfall samples of Xi’ an. These samples were collected monthly from January 2012 to December 2013. The magnetic parameters (χlf, χhf) indicated a relatively high concentration of magnetic minerals in Xi’an City, dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals. Magnetic susceptibility of dustfall was consistent with the Air Pollution Index (API), suggested that the χlf could demonstrate the air pollution of Xi’ an City. In summer the air quality was better and in winter the air was polluted strongly. The concentration of magnetic minerals and air quality had significant changes according to the seasons of each year, and the values rose from December to January of next year, and decreased in summer, which not only came from the pollution of coal-burning, but were also influenced by the special meteorological conditions of temperature inversion in winter.

  Characteristics Analysis and Forecast of Microclimate in Greenhouse Planted Sweet Cherry 2015, 31 (19):  173-179.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040016 Abstract + ( 747 )   PDF ( 658KB )   ( 447 ) The paper aims to study the variation of microclimate in the greenhouse where sweet cherry were planted, and provide agro- meteorology service for sweet cherry production. The observation trial of microclimate in fruit greenhouse was carried out in Linqu County of Shandong Province in 2012-2014. By contrast with the outside meteorological conditions, the characteristics of microclimate in fruit greenhouse were analyzed, and the prediction equations of microclimate in fruit greenhouse were established. The results showed that: during the observation period, daily average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity in the fruit greenhouse were all higher than that of the outside. The highest value of air temperature and the minimum value of relative humidity in the greenhouse appeared in the afternoon, while the minimum air temperature and maximum relative humidity in the greenhouse generally appeared in the morning. The daily ranges of air temperature and relative humidity in the greenhouse were maxima on sunny days, and they were minima in overcast days. The microclimate in the greenhouse was significantly related to many meteorological factors of the outside on the day and the day before. The prediction equations of microclimate in fruit greenhouse were tested. The temperature prediction error was within 2℃, and the minimum relative humidity forecast error was less than 10%. The prediction effect was comparatively well.

  Changes of Plant Community Structure and Bio-diversity During Re-vegetation on Sloping-land with Purple Soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province Yan Hengqi 2015, 31 (19):  180-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010059 Abstract + ( 594 )   PDF ( 493KB )   ( 396 ) The paper aims to study the changes of plant community structure and bio-diversity during re-vegetation on sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province, South-central China. By using the space series to replace time series, three typical sampling plots, ini-phase(Ⅰ), mid-phase(Ⅱ) and ana-phase(Ⅲ), were selected to study the plant community structure and bio-diversity, the three re-vegetation stages on sloping-land with purple soils were similar and typical, and denoted three different successive stages in Hengyang of Hunan Province. The results showed that: (1) from Ⅰ, Ⅱ, to Ⅲ, the total aboveground biomass and middle-xero-phytes biomass significantly increased(P＜0.05), while that of mesophyte and xerophytes increased first and then decreased, showing “n” type(P＜0.05); (2) important values of the dominant populations(including Setaria viridis and Miscanthus sinensis) significantly decreased(P＜0.05); (3) Patrick richness index(R) followed the order asⅡ＞Ⅰ＞Ⅲ(P＜0.05), and the order of Simpson dominant index(D) was Ⅲ＞Ⅰ＞Ⅱ(P＜0.05), the order of Shannon-Wiener diversity(H) and Pielou evenness index was Ⅰ＞Ⅱ＞Ⅲ (P＜0.05). This study, to some degree, enriches and broadens the vegetation ecology and restoration ecology of the studied area and provides important theoretical basis for ecosystem restoration and reconstruction on sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang of Hunan Province, central-south China.

  Variation of Land Use in Shandong Province Based on Quantitative Model 2015, 31 (19):  185-190.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120197 Abstract + ( 945 )   PDF ( 560KB )   ( 473 ) The study analyzed the change of land use structure in Shandong Province in order to provide a scientific basis for ecological environment protection, land management decision-making and social economic development. Variations in land use of different periods and different land types, including cultivated land, garden land, grassland, water area, urban and rural residential and industrial and mining land, traffic land and unutilized land, were analyzed based on the data from 1997 to 2008 with the help of mathematical models. The results indicated that the changing rate of unutilized land and cultivated land decreased significantly from 1997 to 2008. However, the most significant increasing land type was water area. The dynamic degree of land use change was 0.96% . Water area, traffic land and unutilized land changed more significantly, and their dynamic degree were 25.85% , 2.26% and - 2.14% , respectively. Moreover, the relative change rate of cultivated land, garden land, grassland and unutilized land of every city in Shandong Province was different. The results indicated that the regional difference of land use change in Shandong Province was obvious. The research revealed the special- temporal characteristics of land use change in Shandong Province and had a great significance on sustainable utilization of land and coordinated development of human and land.

  Evaluation of Implementing General Land Use Planning at County Level——A Case Study of Toksun County, Xinjiang 2015, 31 (19):  191-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2600 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 652KB )   ( 286 ) The evaluation of implementing general land use planning is conducive to guarantee the planning’ s smooth implementation, perfect the planning system and improve a scientific and rational planning. The study mainly took general land use planning of Toksun County during 2010- 2020 as the example (hereinafter referred to as the‘Planning’ ), adopted the KqPalnning3.5, the combination method of qualitative and quantitative, the analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method to build the evaluation index system. The quantum computation of evaluation index system was also performed with multi- factor comprehensive evaluation model. The implementation comprehensive score of evaluation was 85.63. In addition, the author carried out adaptability evaluation of the planning and future development trends, conducted early warning indicator analysis of land use planning’obligatory indicators. The results showed that the implementation of the planning was generally good, but some indicators were not ideal; planning and future development trends were incompatible; new construction land layout indicator showed strong early warning. The author summarized and analyzed the effectiveness of the planning and existing problems in planning implementation, put forward relevant suggestions.

  Diagnostic Analysis of a Blizzard Process in South Central Shanxi 程玉斌,, and 2015, 31 (19):  199-205.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010005 Abstract + ( 624 )   PDF ( 2313KB )   ( 348 ) In order to analyze the forming reasons of blizzard process in south central Shanxi Province, using conventional and unconventional weather observation and monitoring data, the author analyzed a blizzard process during 4- 6 February 2014 from aspects of sky and ground weather situation, mesoscale flow type configuration, the vertical profiles of radar echo and physical field. Results showed that the blizzard process was at 500 hPa westerly trough, influenced by the south trough, and controlled by the southeast airflow in front of the ground inverted trough. 500 hPa westerly trough, the 700 hPa southwest jet and crosscutting, and 850 hPa southeast jet was the mesoscale favorable configuration for blizzard. Echo intensity was in 15-30 dBz, belonged to the stability of continuous uniform snow echo. Physical quantity of wet air column under 200 hPa and 80% relative humidity, troposphere of consistent upward movement, high-level divergence and low-level convergence constituted the environmental conditions in favor of heavy snow.

  Synoptic Characteristics of a Blowing Snow Process During Spring of 2013 in the Eastern Region of Inner Mongolia 2015, 31 (19):  206-214.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010050 Abstract + ( 828 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 502 ) The paper aims to study the cause of snowstorm in Inner Mongolia. With conventional observation data and NCEP reanalysis data, the author adopted Grads graphics software and Micaps3.2 system to analyze the synoptic characteristics of a blowing snow process during 2013 in the eastern region of Inner Mongolia. The results showed that: the upper trough that moved to southeast strengthening cold vortex provided favorable large scale circulation for blowing snow weather, the principal impact system of this blowing snow was Mongolian cyclone and Mongolian cold high. The strong high-level jet played an important role in this process. On the one hand, divergence suction on its left front of exit area was so powerful that ground Mongolia cyclone developed strongly, it was conducive to produce snow. On the other hand, the convergence zone on the left of the entrance formed a descending motion, and the momentum passed downward provided favorable conditions for the formation of surface winds. Divergence and vertical field all formed a secondary vertical circulation, its convergence ascending branch provided impetus lifting conditions for snow, and its sinking branch passed down high altitude momentum to the ground, making increased surface wind speed. The existence of a southwest low-level jet in this process continually transported the warm air in low latitude to the eastern of Inner Mongolia, and played an important role for the formation of snow weather.

  Rainstorm Cause Analysis and Forecasting Model in Xiushan County 2015, 31 (19):  215-221.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020072 Abstract + ( 623 )   PDF ( 1025KB )   ( 569 ) To analyze Xiushan County rainstorm climate law and its causes, the annual and seasonal changing features of 173 rainstorms in Xiushan during 1971-2010, the change of the local meteorological elements, and the evolution of high-altitude circulation situation were statistical analyzed to identify climate background and circulation situation for rainstorms in Xiushan County. Results showed that, before the rainstorm, there were often temperatures rise, water vapor pressure increase and pressure drop. When aerial circulation situation met one the following situations: the two high-latitude trough of a ridge, northeast low groove, cutoff low-pressure type and typhoon inverted trough, there would be a regional rainstorm process within the next 24-48 hours. A forecasting model on the rainstorms in Xiushan County was obtained through statistical analysis and could provide certain reference.

  Effects of Different Materials on the Qualities of Eurotium cristatum Tea 2015, 31 (19):  222-226.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120125 Abstract + ( 1929 )   PDF ( 532KB )   ( 686 ) In order to promote its development, Eurotium cristatum teas fermented by inoculating the spores to different kinds of tea and green teas were analyzed and compared. The results showed that, among different kinds of tea, Eurotium cristatum tea fermented from the black tea had the best sensory qualities with a rich fungal aroma and a strong sticky sense, but its chemical components were lower than those of shined green tea whose chemical components were the highest. And among different green tea materials, the quality of Eurotium cristatum tea fermented from the de-enzymed and rolled tea leaves was the best, which had the orange-yellow and slightly bright color, and the strong mellow and sticky taste, and whose chemical components were the richest. It was proved that among different kinds of tea, black tea was the best material to form the sensory quality of Eurotium cristatum tea, and shined green tea was the best material to form its physicochemical quality; and using the de-enzymed and rolled tea leaves directly as the material was more helpful to reduce its production costs.

  Effects of Sodium Alginate on Respiration and Oxidase Activity of ‘Bianhesuan’ Jujube Fruits Under Chilling Storage 2015, 31 (19):  227-231.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040204 Abstract + ( 719 )   PDF ( 643KB )   ( 417 ) Jujube fruits were treated with different concentrations of sodium alginate, with“Bianhesuan” jujube as the material, the effects of sodium alginate on the respiration and oxidase activity were studied under 5℃, in order to provide some theoretical foundation of jujube storage. The results indicated that, comparing with CK, sodium alginate could decrease ethylene release rate and respiration rate, increase the activity of SOD, POD and CAT. In conclusion, sodium alginate could improve the preservation quality of jujube fruit, and the effect of 2.0% sodium alginate treatment was the best.

  Discriminant method of toxicity of mushroom based on support vector machine 樊哿,, and 2015, 31 (19):  232-236.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010019 Abstract + ( 849 )   The resemblance between edible mushroom and poisonous mushroom in appearance makes it hard to distinguish them from each other by conventional methods. In order to achieve the automation of judgment and strengthen the reliability, this paper proposed a method to measure the toxicity of mushroom based on support vector machine. To begin with, collection and pre-processing of the sample data were conducted. Then C-SVM model was built up and trained in accordance with one-to-one principle to further achieve multiclassification by support vector machine. At last, constant step length method was applied to obtain the optimum parameters of the model. By comparing accuracy of SVM classification in diverse sample sizes and parameters, the feasibility was verified in simulation experiments. SVM was more accurate, easy-conducting and practical comparing with neural network and decision tree.

  Bibliometrics Analysis of Drip Irrigation Academic Research 2015, 31 (19):  237-245.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010122 Abstract + ( 641 )   PDF ( 621KB )   ( 380 ) As a kind of water-saving irrigation technology, drip irrigation plays an increasingly important role in the process of agricultural modernization in our country, and it will greatly ease the global water crisis in the future. The author analyzed the drip irrigation research literature data published from 2002 to 2014 by Excel and used the research method of literature metrology based on SCI-E database as the data source, revealed academic research progress more than a decade with quantitative and qualitative methods from the aspects of publishing time of the researched literature, country/region, source of research institutions, publications, research direction, authors and quotations, analyzed drip irrigation research strength distribution and development trend in the world, and showed publish condition of countries, scientific research institutions, core authors and research hot spot about drip irrigation. Comparing the literatures of drip irrigation research in both China and abroad, the author analyzed China’ s international status of drip irrigation research, and provided reference for the further study of Chinese scholars.

  Intellectual Property Right in Technological Innovation in Xinjiang 2015, 31 (19):  246-251.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010132 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 627KB )   ( 412 ) This paper proposed advices on intellectual property right creation, management, protection and application to solve problems occurred during the development of intellectual property right in technological innovation in Xinjiang. First of all, by comparing the relations between technological development trend and intellectual property right in Xinjiang and other provinces, the author introduced the concept of “competitiveness of intellectual property right in technological innovation”by employing scientific theories and methods as well as the existing research achievements. Secondly, the author studied the present issues, strategies, goals and countermeasures of intellectual property right in technological innovation in Xinjiang through intensive analysis and evaluation. The author found that there were some problems about intellectual property right in technological innovation in Xinjiang that needed to be solved to meet the requirement of promoting independent innovation and building an innovative Xinjiang. Lastly, the author not only proposed the strategic objectives and strategic priorities of intellectual property right in technological innovation in Xinjiang, but also put forward suggestions such as innovating science and technology management system and mechanism, realizing innovation breakthrough of intellectual property rights, speeding up the construction of technology innovation ability of enterprises, organizing the implementation of major science and technology projects and strengthening the construction of science and technology innovation platform.

  Unbalanced Development of Education Between Urban and Rural Areas in China 2015, 31 (19):  252-257.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010134 Abstract + ( 1679 )   PDF ( 482KB )   ( 1792 ) With the development of socialism market economy and the advancement of urbanization, a lot of new problems came out in social and economic development in China. Unbalanced social and economic development produced unbalanced urban and rural education. And the unbalanced education became the influencing factor of social development and economic growth. Unbalanced education between urban and rural areas in China was caused by the gap in education funding, teachers’capability and education opportunity between urban and rural areas. Unbalanced education caused the lag of rural economic development, made a vicious circle of“lagged economy-lagged education-lagged economy” . Besides, unbalanced education led to the insufficiency of talents in rural areas and large employment pressure in urban areas. Unbalanced education also resulted in the backward growth in population, legal system and culture in rural areas in social development. At last the author put forward suggestions of enhancing education support from three aspects which were giving preferential opportunity, improving education fund investment and teacher resource to promote the balanced development of urban and rural education.

  Research on Rural Life Energy Consumption Structure and Influencing Factors of Beijing-Tianjin-HeBei Region 2015, 31 (19):  258-262.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15010077 Abstract + ( 1161 )   PDF ( 514KB )   ( 772 ) To improve the rural environment, household energy consumption structure and its influencing factors were studied. Firstly, household energy consumption structure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region was investigated and analyzed from two aspects which were energy consumption proportion and energy consumption per capita by the form of questionnaire. Then Tobit model was selected to conduct the regression analysis to analyze the correlation between the rural household energy consumption and its influencing factors. The results showed that family annual net income had significant effect on the consumption of electricity, coal, straw and oil, family population had significant effect on the consumption of coal, liquefied petroleum gas and oil, and planting area had significant effect on the consumption of coal, straw, firewood and liquefied petroleum gas. The results provide reference for optimizing the rural household energy consumption structure and reducing haze weather in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.

  Potential Calculation and Classification of Rural Residential Land Consolidation at County Scale 2015, 31 (19):  263-269.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020028 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 645KB )   ( 602 ) To improve quality of rural residential environment, increase the intensive use level of rural residential land and promote regional coordinated development, theoretical rural residential land consolidation potential of each town in Huairou District in Beijing was calculated by construction land per capita method. Then theoretical potential was corrected by evaluation index system constructed by geographical conditions, land use efficiency, social conditions and economic conditions. The realistic potential was calculated and classified based on the corrected data. The results showed that rural construction land per capita was 186.45 m2, exceeding national standard. The realistic rural residential land consolidation potential of towns in Huairou District was 628.56 hm2 and there were obvious differences among different towns. Miaocheng Town had the largest realistic consolidation potential which was 131.42 hm2, and Yangsong Town had the smallest realistic consolidation potential which was only 3.22 hm2. Huairou District could be divided into 3 classes according to land consolidation potential of each town. Class Ⅰ had the smallest realistic potential, class Ⅱ took the second place and class Ⅲ had the largest realistic potential. The results in this study reflected the differences of rural residential land consolidation potential among towns in Huairou District and provided guiding significance for present rural residential land consolidation in Huairou District.

  Study on Transferring of Social Security Function of Contract Land and Innovation of Land Circulation Mechanism 2015, 31 (19):  270-275.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15040176 Abstract + ( 698 )   PDF ( 513KB )   ( 402 ) Rural land contractual management right takes the actual social security function of contractors under the reality of inadequate social security for farmers. Contractors’concern on social security is the key factor of rural land circulation. Breaking the bottleneck of rural land circulation, we should form rural land bank, turn land contractual management right into shares, put the yields of the break even and dividends and other social security income of farmers into a special social security account of contractors, transform the physical form of social security function of rural land contractual management right into currency, based on the foundation of the separation of ownership, management right and contract right, the insistence of collective ownership of land in the countryside, the establishment of contract right of farmers, the liberalization of land management right, and the orderly transfer of land management right. In this way, we can change the mode in which the contractors rely on the endowment of land. We should also improve the relevant laws and regulations concerning land, finance, social security etc., to further provide a clear legal basis for the realization of the transfer of social security function of land contractual management right, and to promote the long-term healthy and orderly circulation of rural land contractual management right.

  Study on Recreational Agricultural Tourist Satisfaction of Mentougou District of Beijing 2015, 31 (19):  276-283.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.2014-2563 Abstract + ( 765 )   PDF ( 631KB )   ( 605 ) With the rapid development of leisure agriculture in Mentougou District of Beijing since 2000, the study aims to clarify the factors affecting the leisure agriculture visitor satisfaction, understand the real needs of tourists, determine target population and identify development strategy for promoting leisure agriculture. Through using the principal component analysis method to analyze visitor satisfaction in Mentougou District of Beijing, the author built tourist satisfaction evaluation index system composed by 13 indicators. The results showed that the overall score of visitor satisfaction was 5.89, the top five were the natural resources, air quality, transportation, infrastructure and original land scape maintenance; ranked the lowest was dining flavor, followed by four scores from low to high respectively for participatory projects, service providers attitude, health conditions and visitor information learned channel. Based on the evaluation results, the author proposes countermeasures and suggestions like highlighting Mentougou farmhouse catering features, rich park activities, improving the park service levels, perfecting the park sanitation and increasing brand awareness and promotion.

  Problems of Left-behind Children in Rural Area of Western Industrial City —— Taking Baoji as an Example 2015, 31 (19):  284-290.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb14120214 Abstract + ( 681 )   PDF ( 692KB )   ( 349 ) In order to provide reference for helping the government departments to solve the problems of leftbehind children, lifestyle of left-behind children, general children and migrant children from 4 towns of Baoji City were investigated and compared using questionnaire survey and home interview. The results showed that left-behind children had more problems in family care, life, study, psychology, health and safety. Left-behind children could not receive proper educational guidance from their less- educated guardians. Academic performance of left- behind children was not good as housework occupied too much learning time and the learning efficacy was low. The absence of companion leaded to the children’ s autism and left-behind children were characterized by diffidence and inferiority. The weak awareness of security and health might lead to many related problems. Solving the problems of left- behind children in Baoji City needs cooperation of family, school, society and government.