Abstract: In order to better coordinate the change of population structure and the development of regional economic society, this paper made quantitative analysis of population structure and development of regional economic society for Heilongjiang Province with the method of combining Grey Correlation Analysis and Analytic Hierarchy Process, and finally got the weighted correlation degree between different indicators of regional economic and social development system and the population structure. The results showed that correlation degree between social development indicators and the population structure in Heilongjiang Province was generally high, and the correlation degree between economic development and the population structure was relatively low. The economic development model of Heilongjiang Province is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading.