Abstract: Based on the results of information investigation, the paper briefly summarizes the conception, the principle and the feature of modern technology of plant breeding, such as irradiation variation, laser radiation, space mutation, ion implantation, somatic hybridization, tiss culture and transgenic breeding. After reviewing the development in the research and application of modern technology of plant breeding, the paper points out that research and application of modern technology in agriculture are the main approaches to cutting short the breeding cycle, amplification the range of variation, increasing the mutation frequency and breeding the new crops of high yield and high qualitu which are insect –resistant, herbicide-tolerant, and withstand worsening climates. The perspective of the research and application of agricultural high and new-technology in China are also discussed.