Current issue

• 2005 Vol.21 No.12 Published:05 December 2005

  目次

  Landuse Patch of Characteristics of Burqin County of Xinjiang Qin Chunyan, Liu Ping，Wang ning 2005, 21 (12):  .  Abstract + ( 1309 )   based on RS and GIS，using the theory of landscape ecology and landscape pattern index , this study investigates the Landscape condition of Burqin region in xinjiang .The result shows that（1）the region distributes majority of grassland and forested area, insetting some farmland and water etc. ⑵Thispaper divides the region into four sections to compare their differences between them (high mountainarea, bill area, field, desert); forest resource of sectiong have differences in the types ; farmland and villages mainly lies in field and bill area. ⑶ Showing these index, smallest diversity index of high mountain area is smallest ; artificial factors resulted in dominance index, the percentage of landusetypes have little difference; this have advantage of development of ecology, unless rationally using; in desert, needs to enhance environment protection and improvement. By studying, we know the condition of landuse in Burqin region, the result offer science basis for Landscape planning and ecological sustainable development.

  Study on Body Weight Trait by Microsatellite Markers in Nanjiang Yellow Goat Zhang Enping, Chen Yulin, Yuan Zhifa, Zhang Ya’ni 2005, 21 (12):  1-1.  Abstract + ( 1422 )   10 microsatillite sites were used for DNA amplification To search for markers those have significant relation with body weight trait in Nanjiang Yellow goat population, which have great phenotypic variation on body weight. Then these sites primeers were applied to amplify genomic DNA in random population, and calculated effect of marker and substitution according to general linear model. The result indicated that, 186bp and190bp of BM3413, 109bp of MFA70, 178bp and 184bp of INRA063, 110bp of MB066, 176bp of MB3501, these markers showed significant positive correlation with body weight trait, the correlate coefficient was in the region of 0.5180~0.7375. These markers, 182bp of BM3413, 115bp of MFA70, 98bp of MB066, showed significant negative correlation with body weight trait, correlation coefficient was in the region of t-0.6539~-0.388.

  Study on the nutrition pattern of beef cattle in SANXIA zone Chen Hongyue, Zuo Fuyuan, Zhang Jiahua 2005, 21 (12):  4-4.  Abstract + ( 1322 )   Thirty crossbred beef steers (Limousin + local yellow )，aged eight months to twelve months, were fed in the crib for 300 days and were divided into six nutrition pattern groups in randomized complete block design and differentiated weight by block. The average daily gains, the efficiency of feed utilization, carcass quality, meat quality and the profit of all output were tested and analyzed. The study shows that the low-high nutrition pattern group has the best efficiency in the feed used and the highest profits, and the high-high group has the best beef quality and the highest daily gain.

  Research Progresses in Bovine Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Ou Jian, Wang Feng, Xu Weihua, Zhou Dongren 2005, 21 (12):  14-14.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   Research progresses in bovine intracytoplasmic sperm injection were reviewed in this paper. Owed the credit to the innovation of technology, rates of blastocysts increase to 40.1% from 1.8% reported first time in1990. Here, it is given a general overview on the effects of piezo-electric actuator and something else technology, the impacts of pre-treatment of spermatozoa before ICSI, the promoting of various activation treatments after ICSI and the prospect of using ICSI on animal husbandry and transgenesis studies.

  Interior Soybean Residue’s Price Game Analysis Liu Yaxiang, Wang Zhengbing, Liu Qianning, Shan Qingsong, Zan linsen 2005, 21 (12):  17-17.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   This paper analyses present condition of soybean residue’s price fluctuation and harmful influence to feed-processing plants and livestock farming. Then applies Bertrand’s Price model to develop a new price game model ---n-players Price model, then we get the result of soybean residue’s equilibrium price by using the model. In 2 players, under the condition of equilibrium symmetry, we get the price of soybean residue’s equilibrium.

  A Comparison of Egg Performance Characteristics of Laying Hens Fed Wheat-Based Diet and Corn- Based Diet Niu Zhuye, Wang Jiqiang, liufuzhu, Ding Li 2005, 21 (12):  20-20.  Abstract + ( 1955 )   The trial was conducted to evaluate the possibility whether wheat could completely replace corn in the diet of laying hens. 180 laying hens were divided 2 experimented treatments, randomly, with 3 replicates and each of 30 layers. The trial adopted contrast design, treatment 1 fed with typical corn-soybean-meal diet, the other treatment fed with wheat-based diet. The results showed that the egg performance fed wheat-based diet was lower than treatment fed corn-soybean-meal diet : laying rate significantly decreased by 1.9%（p﹤0.05）, the rate of unusual shape egg and soft-shelled egg significantly increased by 0.09%（p﹤0.05）, feed to egg ratio significantly increased by 0.09（p﹤0.05）, feed intake significantly increased by 1.04%（p﹤0.05）, broken egg rate increased（p﹥0.05）, average egg weight decreased by 0.54% gram per egg（p﹥0.05）.energy utilization and protein apparent digestibility decreased without significant difference（p﹥0.05）. The feed cost in wheat-based diet reduced, but it was lower than treatment 1 in other indexes, and the egg cost of per kilogram increased by 0.01RMB.

  Serological Identification and Surveillance of Susceptibility to Antibiotics and Isolate of Escherichia coli from Swine Zhang Tie, Wang Chunguang, Wang Qian, LI Qingyan, Zhang Guolei, Ni Yaodi Jiang Guojun, Liu Zhanmin 2005, 21 (12):  23-23.  Abstract + ( 1656 )   In order to determine the serotypes of enteropathogenic E.coli strains and the susceptibility to Antibiotics in Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, 55 pathogeic E.coli stains were isolated from 60 E.coli strains in 10 pig farms, and their susceptibility to antibiltics were analysed and supervised. The result shows that the predominant serotypes were 60%(33/55), they were O101, O152, O93, O78 and O54. They efficient antibiotics were Ceftriaxone sodium, Polymyxin, Cefobid, Cephalothin and Spectinomycin to the 60 E.coli stains, and the sensitive ratio were 95.0%(57/60), 90%(56/60), 88.3%(53/60), 86.7%(52/60) and 85%(51/60) respectively. And the antibiotics susceptibility testes show all strains had the tolerance to the used drugs of different levels. It was 80%, 53.3%, 75%, 86.7%, 76.7%, 71.2%, 51.7%, 75%, 70% and 55% that tolerance to Streptomycin, Gentamicin, Ampicillin, Sulfamethoxacin-Trimethoprimum, Mequindocis, Furazolidone, Norfloxacn, Ciprofloxacin, Olaguindox, Lomexasin and Folrfenicol respectively. And 80% strains had tolerance to more than 6 kinds of drugs, 17%, 15% and 12% strains separately tolerant to 8, 10 and 6 kinds of drugs.

  The Machanism and Utilizations of PTGS/ RNAi Liang Yan, Yang Yongzheng, Chen Daming, Wang Ming, Chen Hang 2005, 21 (12):  31-31.  Abstract + ( 1387 )   The post-transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) by the suppression of homologous double-stranded RNA is called RNA interference (RNAi) or PTGS/ RNAi.The phonmeon, mechanism, models, involved factors including enzymes, genes, initiator and effectors, and utilizations in the functions of genome, the regulations of gene expression in time and space and the crop’s improvement of the PTGS/ RNAi were described in this article.

  DNA Molecular Markers in Peanut III．Effects of Different Enzyme Combinations on AFLP Analysis Xu Jianzhi, Wang Chuantang 2005, 21 (12):  40-40.  Abstract + ( 1397 )   Totally 28 EcoR I/Mse I AFLP selective primer pairs and 64 Pst I /Taq I AFLP selective primer pairs were used in the analysis of 2 peanut mapping parental lines and their F1 hybrid. The NPAR1WAY procedure was conducted using the SAS System for Windows 6.12 package. The results showed significant difference（at 0.01 level）between enzyme combinations in the number of polymorphic bands and polymorphic percentage，and no significant difference in total number of bands，on a per primer pair basis. The study demonstrated that resorting to alternative enzyme combinations may be judicious options in disclosing the genetic variations in the cultivated peanut.

  Advances in Directed Evolution Study and Applications in Agriculture Xiong Aisheng,, Yao Quanhong, Zhang Zhen, Peng Rihe, Zhuang Jing, Xu Fang,, Liou Jinge,, Zhu Hong, 2005, 21 (12):  43-43.  Abstract + ( 1449 )   Agro-Biotechnology was more and more important in global agriculture. Many improvements for herbicide resistance, insect control, disease control, and industrial enzymes of food additive have had good results. Directed molecular evolution is a powerful tool for the production of improved enzymes. Objectives commonly include improvement of a specific activity, improvement of kinetics, novel substrate specificities, novel products, and optimal performance in specific environments. The technique has been applied to goals relevant to agriculture.

  QTL Mapping and Analysis for Tiller and its Related Traits in Rice Liang Yongshu, Zhang Qijun ,, Ye Shaoping, Liu Mingwei, Yin Desuo, Li Ping 2005, 21 (12):  47-47.  Abstract + ( 1565 )   A genetic linkage map consisting 147 SSR markers was constructed based on a F2 Population derived from a cross between genome completely sequenced rice variety Nipponbare(♀) and partial genome sequenced guang’lu’ai 4(♂),The markers in the linkage map distributed on all 12 rice chromosomes and covered 1736.6cM of the genome. The statistic software of QTLCart1.7 was applied to detect QTL, including TN (tiller number)、PN(panicle number)、ETN(effective tiller number)、Pt(percentage of tiller),5 major QTLs and 17minal QTLs were identified, Simultaneously, we make use of the achievement of genome research, seven QTLs, whose genetic distance is 0(POS=0)from marker, are carried out bio-informatics analyses. Try to predict gene function by means of QTL positioning.

  Study on the Growth Rate of Rice Callus Lu Mengyu, Zhao He, Wang Haibo 2005, 21 (12):  53-53.  Abstract + ( 1332 )   Through the growth rate of rice callus research, find train temperature to the growth rate of rice callus to be of great impact , Smaller temperature is it can make the Growth Rate of Rice Callus reduce a lot of to reduce, The growth rate of rice callus with continuing while taking the place of cultivation in succession , relate to change 2，4-D density, Generally shown as and changed 2，4-D density to continue taking the place of under lower temperature，Can promote the Callus of rice and grow; Change 2,4-D density to continue taking the place of under higher temperature, he Growth Rate of Rice Callus to be influence strong. Train it under the condition in 23-25 degrees Centigrade, The monoploid that the rice anther train Callus to "zhonghua11 ", than maturity liploid that embryo lead of it,s callus grow speed to be one times faster and about. When is it take the place of to continue initial to inoculate amount of quantity the Growth Rate of Rice Callus have relation too.

  AFLP Markers Linked with a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene of a New Wheat Germplasm YW243 Zhang Zengyan, Zeng Xiangyan, Lin Zhishan, Chen Xiao, Liu Chaohui, Kazuhiro Nakamura，Xin Zhiyong, Hisashi Yoshida 2005, 21 (12):  56-56.  Abstract + ( 1675 )   A new wheat germplasm YW243 has a wild resistance scope against 26 different isolations of Puccinia striiformis west.tritici. The new wheat germplasm YW243 contains a new resistance gene against stripe rust, tentatively designated YrX, which was located on the long arm of chromosome 2B of wheat. In the study, the resistance pattern of a F2 population (202 individuals) derived from the cross of YW243 and Chinese Spring was analyzed through inoculation with No.31 isolate of Puccinia striiformis west.tritici. The response patterns showed that the R/S segregation ratio fits 3/1, suggesting that the gene of interest being a single dominant gene. AFLP markers were then used to search for genetically linked markers to the target gene. Using JoinMap V3.0 with Kosambi’s function and other options left at default values, two AFLP markers M54E63-700 and M54E654-699 were identified to be tightly linked to YrX, with genetic distances of 9.27cM, at same position.

  Roles of Environmental Control and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Bio-technology in Productin of Micropropagated Plantlets Liu Wenke, Yang Qichang 2005, 21 (12):  60-60.  Abstract + ( 1222 )   Poor physiological status and quality of micropropagated plantlets are key problems that inhibit production of micropropagated plantlets. In this paper, the problems of poor physiological status and quality for micropropagated plantlets in different develop stages were put forward, highlighting the current solution methods (engineering and biotechnology) and their mechanisms. At last, the authors emphasized that it was necessary to research the interactions between arbuscular mycorrhzas, environmental control and physiological status and quality of micropropagated plantlet, also indicated that the integration of two methods was effective approach to solve that problems.

  Study on the Role of Catalase which Induced by 6-BA under Cold Stress Lv Jun, Zhu Liquan, Shen Fucheng, Zhang Yi, Wang Sangen 2005, 21 (12):  64-64.  Abstract + ( 1811 )   The cold resistance capability of rice was enhanced notably by 6-BA. In order to elucidate the mechanism, a study on catalase was conducted. The result showed that catalase which induced by 6-BA play an important role in ehancing the capability of rice under cold stress.

  ResearchProgressonofTransgeneSysteminSoybean（G.max） Li Wenxia, Ning Hailong, Li Wenbin 2005, 21 (12):  67-67.  Abstract + ( 1199 )   Therecentresearchprogressonsystemofreceptorandtransgenicmethodsinsoybeanweresummarizedinthispaper.Themajorproblemandcorrespondingcountermeasureofgenetictransformationinsoybeanwereprobed，either.Themainconfinedfactorsingenetictransformationofsoybeanincludethefaultinessofthesystemoftissueculture，lowefficiencyandrepetitionofgenetictransformationandrestrictedsoybeangenotypesasreceptors.Thepathofsolvingtheproblemsweretosetahighefficientandstablesystemfortissuecultureinsoybean.Alsothenumberoftargetgenetobetransformedwillbeincreasedfromsinglegenetoseveralgenessimultaneously.

  Studies on the Technical System of Microspore Culture in Rapeseed Mei Desheng, Li Yunchang, Hu Qiong ,Li Yingde, Xu Yusong 2005, 21 (12):  72-72.  Abstract + ( 1345 )   Rapeseed microspore culture plays important roles in both basic and applied studies. Since Lichter carried on the microspore culture and succeed in Brassica napus in 1982, a large number of research results on microspore culture technology, including factors influence microspore embryogenesis, plant regeneration from microspore derived embryos, plant transplant in growing field, chromosome doubling etc., were obtained in the past two decades and a few of critical techniques were improved in recent years. Based on these results, a high-efficient microspore culture technical system for field-growing rapeseed plants was established. Using this technical system, the progenies of somatic hybrids from Brassica napus with Xinjiang wild rape were cultured, the embryo yield of each plate is up to more than 300 on average. The plant survival rate reached 89.0% by directly transplanting microspore derived plants from tube to field. In addition, a yellow seed DH population containing 127 DH lines and a seed weight segregant DH population containing 115 DH lines were constructed.

  The Research of Signal Molecular in Plant Disease Resistance Wang Dongliang, Chen Yougen, Zhu Shidong, Pei Xiaobo 2005, 21 (12):  77-77.  Abstract + ( 1420 )   This article reviewed the recent progress of studies on several signal molecular in the plant disease resistance, which involves Salicylic acid .Ethlene, Jasmonic acid, Ros, NO, and Ca2+,β-Aminobutyric acid et al signal molecule’s function of inducing plant defense response.. It also presented Salicylic mechanism in inducing plant defense response and its biosynthesis approach. In addition, the prospect of future work on plant defense research is discussed in the review.

  Influence of NAA and Some Kinds of Cytokinin on Dioscorea opposite Culture in vitro Tang Jun, Zhao Donglan, Zhang Yungang 2005, 21 (12):  83-83.  Abstract + ( 1557 )   The paper discussed the effect of three kinds of cytokinin: kinetin(KT), benzylaminopurine(BAP) and isopentene group adenine(2ip) on Dioscorea opposite culture in virto. There are two varieties: Chinese yam rhizome and feng yam. Results were as follows: in MS basic medium+KT2mg/L or 2ip, the two varieties growed well. Appending NAA0.2 mg/L could promote radication commonly. But in MS+BAP2 mg/L there was obvious difference from the two varieties. Chinese yam rhizome axillary bud was restrainted. But feng yam was prone to form fascicular bud. When supplemented with NAA0.2 mg.L-1, NAA and BAP could accelerate Chinese yam rhizome axillary bud growth and increase the number of buds. But to feng yam made no difference. From comparison the effect of different media screened out MS+KT1+NAA0.2 mg/L +0.1%activated carbon were appropriate for feng yam.

  Effects of Pre-harvest Boron Nutrient Solution Spray and Postharvest Chitosan Films on Fruit Quality and Storability of Longan Sun Chuanzhi, Wei Jianfeng, Jiang Ping, Li Shujie, Liang He 2005, 21 (12):  86-86.  Abstract + ( 1554 )   B nutrient solutions and water(CK) were sprayed on leaves and fruits two times during the developmental stage of aril, effects of boron nutrition and chitosan films on fruit quality and storability of longan were also discussed. The results showed that pre-harvest boron nutrition spray had obviously increased internal quality and storability of longan fruit. Postharvest chitosan films had also significantly increased healthy fruit rate, decreased fruit weight lose rate, inhibited changing speed of nutrition of flesh during storage; The effect of B+chitosan treatment was greater than others treatment, but the effects of 3g/L and 6g/L chitosan treatment on storability were not significant different.

  Study Process On Biology Activity of Tea Polyphenols Liu Benying ,Wang Pingsheng 2005, 21 (12):  92-92.  Abstract + ( 1548 )   Tea contains a lot of biology activity ,among which TP is one of the most important effective components. By combining the newest study fruit on TP of near twenty years, this article discusses the biology activity, application and prospects of TP.

  The Deposition of Tea Beverages and Application of Technology of Clarification Luo Rui, ShaoWanfang, Wu Hong 2005, 21 (12):  95-95.  Abstract + ( 1385 )   The crucial problem of development tea beverages is the phenomena of deposition.With the development of technology,more and more advanced technology applied in tea beverages and promoted them development.The article comprehensively summed up the progress in the research field of the deposition of tea beverages and application of technology of clarification.

  Study on the Content of Resveratrol in Some Rruits Xia Haiwu,, Lu Liuxin 2005, 21 (12):  99-99.  Abstract + ( 1298 )   Resveratrol are phytoalexins plants and many studies have also shown that this kind of secondary metabolites have many health benefits. A study using high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） was done to determine resveratrol content in fruits of plant. The article indicated that reveratrol was detected from fruits of Morus alba L., Ananas cornosus (L.)Merr, Vitis vinifera L., Syzygium jambos(L.)Alston, Archontophoenox alexandrae(H.) Wendl. Et Drude. It is considered that these fruits are in further exploitation.

  Simplified Method of Reference Evapotranspiration Calculation Wu Hongxia,, Peng Shizhang,, Xu Junzeng, 2005, 21 (12):  105-105.  Abstract + ( 1864 )   Based on the meteorological data derived from the national “863” special project, relationship between reference evapotranspiration(ET0) and the effected factors was analyzed. Net radiation (Rn) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) were selected as influence factors to construct the regressive formula to calculate ET0. Then the influence of wind was considered. Results show that: Rn is the greatest influence factor, following by VPD, sunshine hour (N) and temperature (T). Liner relationship is found between ET0 and Rn or VPD, exponential relationship between ET0 and N or T, and negative relative relationship to relative humidity (Rh). Simplified fomular modified by wind can get great coherence with Penman-Monteith method commended by FAO.

  Advances in Research on the Standards, Techniques of Determination and Degradation of Pesticide Residues in Farm Products Yang Liu,, Wang Guixi, Fan Jinshuan 2005, 21 (12):  108-108.  Abstract + ( 1782 )   The status, pesticide residues in farm products, including criterion, techniques of determination and degradation in domestic and abroad are briefly introduced. Some new pre-treatment methods, such as SPE, MAE, SPME, etc are showed. Some pesticide residues degradation techniques such as fungi and bacteria etc. microbial degradations, ultrasonic cleaning and irradiation etc. physical degradations, and ozone oxidation and photo-degradation etc. chemical degradations are discussed. The emphasis and direction of research on pesticide residues in China are suggested as well.

  Influence The Precipitation Factor Analysis of Wheat Production of Area of Huaibei Zhao Rong, Zhang Cunling, Chen Ruoli, Zhou Zongmin, Ji Yongmin 2005, 21 (12):  117-117.  Abstract + ( 1371 )   Utilize the materials of output of the wheat and corresponding precipitation materials of 1958-2004 year of Suixi county, Carry on synchronous statistical analysis, The result shows : Wheat meteorological output sow wheat divide into tiller and turn green remarkable positive correlation of precipitation , wheat of jointing stage, Shoulder with the precipitation of mature period notably relevantly with earing. The suitable precipitation is: Soil moisture water60~120mm, Precipitation in breeding time220~290mm. Precipitation is moderate in total amount in the wheat production process of Suixi county, Slightly show insufficiently in some period, The drought exceeds the waterlogging, Optimize the structure of variety, While the moisture in the soil is sown early, Easy to water to sow the soil moisture water, Divide tiller survive the winter ink and Jointing booting water, Collect the rain and preserve soil moisture.

  Research Progress of Abiotic Stress Tolerant Mechanisms and Application Prospect of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus Maxim Wang Hua, Jia Guixia, Ding Qiong 2005, 21 (12):  121-121.  Abstract + ( 1505 )   Ammopiptanthus mongolicus (Maxim.) Cheng f., endemic to the semi-arid desert region of northwest China, is a rare and endangered evergreen leguminous shrub. Due to its long growth in a terribly atrocious entironment, it has a very strong resistant capability. The mechanism of drought, freezing, salt and sand stress tolerant capabilities that make A. mongolicus survive in the extreme adverse circumstances and the harsh reasons that the species could head adapted to was analyzed. The great value and usable prospect of A.mongolicus were proposed.

  Preliminary Research on Callus Induction and Somatic Embryogenesis of Aralia Elata (Miq) Seem Ji Xizhu, Wang Hong, Hu Yimin, Zhang Aijun 2005, 21 (12):  126-126.  Abstract + ( 1015 )   The papar studies the effects of different concentrations and kinds of growth regulators on the callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and young plant differentiation in the root and stem of Aralia elata (Miq) seem. It shows that the inducement rate of stem callus is tiptop in MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg/L culture medium, in which the number of the embryoid of callus is the most , young plant differentiate rate is 92.5% and callus can keep high regeneration.

  Advances of Study on the Agronomic Marker Traits in Brassica napus L. Wu Xinjie, Chen Fengxiang, Hu Baocheng, Li Qiangsheng, Hou Shumin, Fei Weixin Huang Xiaorong, Jiang Yingfen 2005, 21 (12):  128-128.  Abstract + ( 1599 )   Ten and up types of agronomic marker traits (AMT) in Brassica napus L. and theirs application in heterosis utilization are summarized, which indicate that the study on AMT application is at initial phase. No AMT is widely applied in the rapeseed production, and most study now is still in the experiment field. So two aspects, creation of new AMT and strengthening the application of discovered AMTs, should be emphasized in the future. Other new application ways of AMT, such as direct hybrid seeds production without castration, mechanical hybrid seeds production, and cultivation as ornamental rapeseed, are also discussed.

  Studies on the Breeding High-oil Germplasms of Utilizing Foreign Soybean Resources Guo Tai, Wei Shuhong, Yu Yong 2005, 21 (12):  132-132.  Abstract + ( 1376 )   This studies utilized foreign germplasms resources (Sprite87,Hobbit) as the key parents, and utilized local soybean variety Hefeng 42 as the improvement parents. Based on the crossbreeding and genetic improvement, and combined with radiation breeding techniques, through continuous directional selecting and using quality analysis and soybean disease-resistant, three high-oil new germplasms were bred, they are Hefu04-40, Hefu04-46 and Hefu04-52. their oil contents are 23.95%~24.20%, the yields are 2559~2779.5kg/hm2,and the yield increased 11.6%~21.2% compared to check. This paper reported the results of creating soybean high-oil germplasms.

  The Comparing Study on Dormancy Characterization of Sichuan Rape (Brassica napus L.) Zhang Jinfang, Pu Xiaobin, Li Haojie, Zhang Qixin, Jiang Liangcai 2005, 21 (12):  135-135.  Abstract + ( 1649 )   52 Sichuan rape (Brassica napus L.) landraces and 24 varieties (Brassica napus L.) released in Sichuan province were used in the evaluation of the dormancy characterization. Results were shown as follows: the difference of the materials was significant at 0.05 level; There were few materials resistant to preharvest sprouting were recovered. The difference of the range and distributions of sprouting ratio and germination indexes was significant at 0.05 level between landraces and varieties but the difference of germination indexes was not significant. Compared to landraces, current varieties’ germination index tended to change in the low or high range. According to grain sprouting progress and germination index, the varieties were clustered into three groups, the first group was that germination peak value appeared at the first day; the second group was that germination peak value appeared at the first and second days; the third group was resistance to preharvest sprouting. Landraces were clustered into four groups, one group was that germination peak value appeared at the first two days, and another three groups were same to the ones above. This research showed information for future research on resistance to preharvest sprouting.

  The Comparison among Four Spring Wheat on Emergence and Survival of Tillers Hao Yanling, Luo Peigao, Ren Zhenglong 2005, 21 (12):  138-138.  Abstract + ( 1945 )   In the study, four wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Chuan nong19, Chuan nong 17,Mian yang 11and Chuan mai 107, were employed to determinate the relation between growth and development of tillers and fertile tillers on different developed phases, with morphological and anatomical method. The results showed that the longer duration at single ridge stages contributed to the increase the spikelets. At stem elongation, longer duration for reproductive stages enhanced the number of grain. In all the tillered cultivars, such as Chuan nong17, a shorter vegetative duration and a well-ordered ranging between primary tillers of apical and secondary tillers of apical was the major factor that led more fertile tillers.

  Effect of Cultivated Method on Yield and Quality of Rice Zhang Wenxiang , Wang Chengai, Wang Bolun, Zhao Lei, Zhao xiuzhe, Gao Lianwen, Hou Wengping 2005, 21 (12):  142-142.  Abstract + ( 1252 )   This article reported that the best seedling style was projectile plate, which sowed 3 seeds of each hole, or dry nursery seedling sowed 150g/m2 seeds, and applying 33.3cm~26.4cm×20.0cm transplanting methods with transplanted 2~4 seedlings each hill. This method was experimented during 2001—2004 and they would be the highest yield seedling and transplanting styles for space-transplanting cultivation in Jilin province. More then 9t/hm2 grain yield will be obtained and quality of rice will be better by using this method.

  The Relation of Characters of the Main Plant Rice Breeds in HEI LONG JIANG Province to the fields Nie shou-jun 2005, 21 (12):  147-147.  Abstract + ( 1955 )   through the relativity of agronomic characters of 28 main plant breeds in Heilongjiang province and yield factors, the results showed : plant height is remarked significant positive to panicle length, converse third burl length, converse third leaf length; Among the factors of field, grain number is remarked significant positive to theoretic yield, the correlation coefficient is 0.535（r0.05=0.374 r0.01=0.478 n=28）；grain number is remarked positive or remarked significant positive to blade leaf width, converse second leaf length, converse second leaf width, converse third leaf length, converse third leaf width; leaf width is remarked negative or remarked significant negative to seed-setting rate and remarked positive or remarked significant to theoretic yield.

  Progresses in Research of Submergence Tolerance in Rice Chen Yonghua,, Yan Qingquan, Xiao Guoying 2005, 21 (12):  151-151.  Abstract + ( 1878 )   Submergence stress is one of the main disastrous factors in China, The thesis summaried the main response of rice after submergence stress, the characters of submergence tolerant varieties, the capability of submergence tolerance, the effect on rice under submergence stress, the physiological mechanism of submergence tolerance and genetic improvement in submergence tolerance, Meanwhile，the further research fields of submergence tolerance of rice were also suggested for the future.

  Progress of Research on Theory and Practice for SuperHigh Yield and Quality Improvement in Soybean Zhu Hongde,, Zhu Guiying 2005, 21 (12):  154-154.  Abstract + ( 1503 )   This paper briefly introduces the current research and development of super high yield and quality improvement in soybean. Some examples of varieties and yield for super high yield and quality improvement in soybean were given. The grain yield of 5610 kg/hm2 of soybean was harvested by using half-short-stalked cultivars and narrow row spacing and condensed planting techniques in USA. The grain yield of 5280 kg/hm2 of soybean Obaimu was harvested in Japan. It was the highest record that the grain yield of 5956.2 kg/hm2 of soybean Xindadou No.1 was harvested in China. The grain yield of soybean Liao21051 was 4908 kg/hm2. The one of soybean Yudou No.25 was 4759.5 kg/hm2. The one of soybean Youchu No.4 was 4878 kg/hm2. The one of soybean MN413 was 4726.2 kg/hm2. Recent years, the breeders had already bred some high protein content above 45%, high oil content above 22% and special varieties. High protein variety Yudou No.24 (45.68%) was of 4267.5 kg/hm2. High oil variety Kennong No.18 (23.98%) was of 4200 kg/hm2. This article introduced the advance plant model “tillage 3”, “same tillage, double rows, condensed planting”, “big tillage, condensed planting”, “plastic film covered in rows” and so on, and summarized the research trends and progress of plant models of high yield in soybean.

  Ear-kernel Characters of F3 Lines Derived from a Normal×Popcorn Cross and their Relationships with Popping Fold Dong Yongbin, Li Yuling, Niu Suzhen 2005, 21 (12):  160-160.  Abstract + ( 1463 )   The ear –kernel characters of 259 F3 lines derived from a normal corn×popcorn cross and their relationships with popping fold were analyzed in two environments. The results showed that all ear –kernel characters of F3 lines were very high, and there were many lines with better ear –kernel characters than the popcorn inbred. The ear –kernel characters were quantitative in nature, controlled by many genes with small effects; ear-kernel weight and 100-kernel weight had bigger negative direct or indirect effect on popping fold;Row kernel number and ear length had positive direct effect on popping fold,other characters had indirect positive effect on expansion fold through row kernel number and ear length.So it might be effective to select on row kernel number and ear length directly to improve kernel yield of selected lines derived from normal corn×popcorn crossws.

  During potato tissue culture exceptional tube-plantlet produce reason and settle method Sun Xiumei 2005, 21 (12):  164-164.  Abstract + ( 1720 )   During the tissue culture and fast produce of potato, all kinds of exceptional tube-plantlet turn on, these give some destroy in produce. On the basis of many years trial and quantity of experiments, really analysis the produce reason of the exceptional tube-plantlet: that is bad circumstance conditions is the direct reason. At the same time, give out the settle method of these things, in order to reduce some destroy.

  Development in the Research and Application of Modeern Technology of Plant Breeding Li Wanyun, Li Tao 2005, 21 (12):  166-166.  Abstract + ( 1342 )   Based on the results of information investigation, the paper briefly summarizes the conception, the principle and the feature of modern technology of plant breeding, such as irradiation variation, laser radiation, space mutation, ion implantation, somatic hybridization, tiss culture and transgenic breeding. After reviewing the development in the research and application of modern technology of plant breeding, the paper points out that research and application of modern technology in agriculture are the main approaches to cutting short the breeding cycle, amplification the range of variation, increasing the mutation frequency and breeding the new crops of high yield and high qualitu which are insect –resistant, herbicide-tolerant, and withstand worsening climates. The perspective of the research and application of agricultural high and new-technology in China are also discussed.

  The Influence of Light Strength for Floating System of Flue-cured Seedlings Li Mingfu 2005, 21 (12):  170-170.  Abstract + ( 1284 )   The floating system of flue-cured seedlings is an adoption to have no the soil facilities the roasting of cultivation principle the smoke to teach the new technique of seedling. This experiments to pass two years many times and again and again on trial, and study the different light to shine on the strength to influence roast smoke afloat taught seedling grew strengthen seedling the function.The strength of light was different at differ time. At early time, from germination to 2 leaves of seedling, the best light strength was 4000-10000 LAX and covered 1 layer of black plastic. The 75% of light was shed. At middle time, 2 leaves of seedling, the best light strength was 10000-18000 LAX and uncovered 1 layer of black plastic. And the later time, 5 leaves of seedling, the best light strength was 12000-30000LAX and uncovered all the plastics. Guarantee the light to shine on the strength.

  Compatibility of Distant Hybridization between Brassica nappus L. and Eruca sativa Mill. Zhu Yuan, Linliangbing 2005, 21 (12):  173-173.  Abstract + ( 1475 )   In order to take advantage of genetic resources of near the Brassical L. is taken bird rape breed reform, We explored compatibility of distant hybridization of Brassica napus L.and Eruca sativa Mill.Brassica napus L. as their female parents.Eruca sativa Mill.as their male parent which taken manual intergeneric crosses.The results of distant hybridization showed that compatibilities were related to the parents and the compatibilities is low. The Compatibility of Distant Hybridization of the different breed of Brassica napus L.and the different breed of Eruca sativa Mill.is different. Xiangyou 15 and Sanying Eruca sativa Mill.,s compatibility is the highest, that is 0.036.J-2 and Dongjiao Eruca sativa Mill.,scompatibility is the lowest,that is 0.014.

  Practice and application of cultivation wheat precise quantity seed “three high” technique Zhou Zhongjun, Dong Quancai, Guo Yanmin, Yi Jiezhong, Zhou Weimin 2005, 21 (12):  175-175.  Abstract + ( 1630 )   The paper is mainly on research of the “three high” accurate cultivation method of wheat. Based on the biological principle of wheat, and according to the characteristics of the formation of wheat tillers and ears, the differentiation of ears, milking of the grains, thus the quantity of the sowing, and the basic seedlings number is decreased, so the accurate sowing became the breakthrough. Through the application of a series of controlling optimization method, the population yield is enhanced, promoting the sink capacity to increase the comprehensive growth potential, thus the aim of “three high ” method is attained, which means high population yield, high individual quality and high benefit of cultivation. And a perfect cultivation system of the accurate “three high” cultivation system is formed.

  Review and Prospect of Development of Crop Cultivation in China Deng Jianping, Ge Ziqiang, Gu Wanrong 2005, 21 (12):  179-179.  Abstract + ( 1582 )   Crop cultivation is the most basic and important component in crop production. Crop cultivation is the science that has the characteristic of strong comprehension, serving for the farm production directly. In this article, the development course of crop cultivation in China was reviewed, emphasizing the importance of crop cultivation in the long history of the people’s development and civilization. The meaning of crop cultivation and its system info were referred, and the necessity of developing the crop cultivation in the new century was also stressed. And then the author put forward main problems and countermeasures in crop cultivation. With the rapid development of modern agricultural science and technology , the crop cultivation research will expand many new realms in the new century , and the crop cultivation will get a further development in the future surely.

  Effect of Salt Stress on Sucrose Metabolism of Tomato Seedlings Li Wei, Jiang Jing, Li Tianlai 2005, 21 (12):  184-184.  Abstract + ( 1574 )   The correlation between the related enzymes activities of sucrose metabolism ( invertase, sucrose synthase, sucrose phosphate synthase) and sugar composition (sucrose, glucose, fructose) and content of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentu) were determined and analyzed under different concentration of salt stress. The results indicated that fructose and glucose content were increased under salt stress to a certain degree in tomato seedlings, but sucrose content was reduced. Invertase activities were enhanced in a short period of time, and also elevated expression of soluble acid invertase mRNA in tomato seedlings under salt stress, moreover. Sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase were reduced under salt stress, but compared no significant difference with control. It was suggested that the level of tomato seedlings sucrose metabolism were mainly modulated by gene expression and activities of acid invertase under salt stress.

  Effects of Transplanting Date on Leaf Anatomical Structure of Flue-Cured Tobacco Liu Deyu, Sun Guangyu, Cai Shuyan 2005, 21 (12):  187-187.  Abstract + ( 1634 )   This study was conducted, using the method of slices of paraffin wax, to investigate anatomical structures in leaves of flue-cured tobacco at three transplanting dates of Longjiang911 variety on May 1st, May 10th, and May 20th respectively. The comparison and analysis of the thickness of leaf, spongy and palisade parenchyma were used to investigate the correlations of transplanting date with maturity. The result showed that transplanting date influenced thickness of leaf, spongy and palisade parenchyma significantly. The thickness of leaf, spongy and palisade parenchyma and the intercellular space of mesophyll for the tobacco transplanted in May 1st were the biggest of all treatments. But for the tobacco transplanted in May 10th and May 20th, the thicknesses of bottom stalk tobacco were thicker than others, the thickness of leaf decreased by rise of the leaf position.

  Callus Mutation with EMS and Drought-resistant Mutants Selection for Wheat Wang Jin, Liu Guiru, Yang Xueju 2005, 21 (12):  190-190.  Abstract + ( 1611 )   Anther callus and immature embryos callus from drought- sensitive wheat (Wen6 and Zhou17) were investigated using EMS as mutagens. About 50% relative differentiation rate dose of the mutagens were used as the selective indexes of optimal mutagen concentrations and treatment time. The combination of treatments were as follows: Anther callus treatment with EMS solution 0.20%＋（2h~4h）; Immature embryos callus treatment with EMS solution （0.20%~0.40%）＋（2~4h）. The 224 differentiation plants were planted in the rooting medium added 80g/L PEG, which were differentiated from EMS mutate materials, and 13 drought resistance plants were got. EMS mutation ratio was 5.8%. The best combination of treatment were callus treatment with EMS solution 0.20%＋4h.

  Bio-enrichment of Selenium in Dual-purpose Rice 201 Chen Junchen, Shen Hengsheng, Tu Jiefeng, Tang Baosha, Ling Wenting 2005, 21 (12):  194-194.  Abstract + ( 1327 )   Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for human body. By treating with sodium selenite (40 mg/kg) at rice heading for eighty percent, dual-purpose rice 201 improved its Se content to 0.27 mg/kg (p<0.05) compared with untreated 201 rice. In addition, Se content was enriched for about 3 and 4 times higher in treated rice bran and straw than it in untreated one, respectively (p<0.05), which might provide as material for production of Se-enriched edible fungi.

  Studies on Growth Characteristics and Osmotic Adjustment of Iris Lactea Pall. var ChinensisKoidz Grown in Salt-Alkali soil Huang Zhongwen, Sun Guangyu, Zhang Qinghong 2005, 21 (12):  199-199.  Abstract + ( 1511 )   A study was conducted to determine growth characteristics, capacity of osmotic adjustment of Iris Lactea Pall. var Chinensis Koidz grown in salt-alkali soil of Songnen plain in China. Iris grew more rapid on July and August, plant height is 50~90cm, and has 5~8 branches. The biomass per plant is 47.2g/plant during growth and development period. The process of Iris growth is divided three stages: slow growth stage, rapid growth stage and stop growth stage. Substances of osmotic adjustment were analyzed to determine the capacity of osmotic adjustment and adaptation in Iris leaves. Accumulation of Na+, K+, proline concentration and improvement of cell membrane penetration were conducted to adjusted very rapidly to salt and alkali content during each month. With the accumulation osmotic substances, water potentials and osmotic potentials in Iris leaves decreased, cell turgid pressure increased or maintained to preserve cell, leaf and then whole plant growth under salt and drought condition.

  A New Arabidopsis Phosphate-sensing Mutants Screening Method Chang ShengHe, Shu HaiYan, Qin GuangYong, Wu YuPing 2005, 21 (12):  202-202.  Abstract + ( 1472 )   Phosphate is one of inorganic nutrients required by plants. Yields of crops were always affected by phosphate starvation. Study what happened in plants under the condition of phosphate starvation will help cultivating low-phosphate-resistant crops. Comparison wild-type Arabidopsis and phosphate-sensing mutants is an important way to research plant’s reactions to phosphate limitation. Finding right screening method is the key step to select phosphate-sensing mutants. On the vertical placement agar plates with normal phosphate concentration, the root of Arabidopsis was oriented to the earth. The root has many large curves. While on the phosphate-starvation agar plates, the root was nearly vertical. Using this phenomenon, we had selected a putative phosphate-sensing mutant. This mutant has short and vertical root on the phosphate normal agar plates. As no similar paper had been reported, this mutant may be a new phosphate-sensing mutant.

  Studies on Water Absorbency and Releasing Behavior of PAA-AM/SH Superabsorbent Composite Liu Ruifeng,, Zhang Junping,, Wang Aiqin 2005, 21 (12):  205-205.  Abstract + ( 1354 )   In this paper, poly(acylic-acylamide)/sodium humic acid(PAA-AM/SH) superabsorbent composite were synthesized by aqueous solution polymerization based on acrylic acid(AA),acylamide(AM) and sodium humic acid(SH).Water absorbency in aqueous solutions, water retention capability and release property of humic acid of PAA-AM/SH superabsorbent composite were investigated. The results showed that PAA-AM/SH superabsorbent not only have well absorbency and water retention capability, but also have slow release capability of humic acid.

  Effect of Long-term Located Fertilization on Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Phosphorus in Vegetable Soil Chen Xin, Liang Chenghua, Zhang Enping, Du Liyu, Li Yandong 2005, 21 (12):  209-209.  Abstract + ( 1471 )   Effect of long-term located fertilization on spatial distribution characteristics of phosphorus in vegetable soil was studied. The results showed that the contents of total P and available P were all decreased with the depth increasing in soil profile and in the same soil layer, the content of available P in treatments with organic fertilizer was higher than in treatments with no organic fertilizer. Phosphorus activation coefficient and the content of organic P in treatments with organic fertilizer were significantly higher than in treatments with no fertilizer and no organic fertilizer in 0~60cm soil layer. Accumulating of phosphorus and long-term applying organic fertilizer were leading factors of making phosphorus move downward.

  The Effects of Different Levels of Nitrogen Condition on Production Characteristics In the Different Panicle Rice Zhou Shuqing, Niu Lina, Zhang Shulin, Xu Zhengjin, Zhang Wenzhong, Liu Lixia, Ma Dianrong, Zhao Minghui 2005, 21 (12):  213-213.  Abstract + ( 1153 )   Using different panicle rice varieties as the materials, studying their production characteristics in different levels of nitrogen condition, the results were as following: the biomass of the erect panicle variety was higher than that of the curved panicle variety. The harvest index of the erect panicle variety was lower than that of the curved panicle variety. In the low nitrogen fertilizer condition, the harvest index of these two varieties were all improved, further the grain yield of curved panicle variety was higher than that of the erect panicle variety, the result is reverse in high nitrogen fertilizer condition. In the same fertilizer condition, the amount of dry matter production after heading of erect panicle variety was clearly higher than that of the curved panicle variety. In the low nitrogen fertilizer condition, the number of both variety’ spike were decreased, and the grain numbers improved, the seed setting percentage increased. Meanwhile 1000—grain weight of the primary and secondary branches was heavier than those in the high nitrogen fertilizer condition.

  Advances of Studies on the Biological Mechanism of Rare Earth Elements in plants Li Yongyu, Pan Tengfei, Qiu Dongliang 2005, 21 (12):  217-217.  Abstract + ( 1853 )   The extensive application of rare earth elements on agriculture has caused remarkable economic benefits. Lots of Studies on the action mechanism of biological effects of rare earth elements had been carried out and some of the perspectives were put forward. The occurrence state of rare earth elements in the inner parts of plants, the mechanisms of their effects on the photosynthesis of plants, their competitive replacement of cellular calcium, their free radical scavenging in the organism, and the tight binding of rare earth elements with biological macromolecules and the location of these compounds on the cellular level were reviewed in this paper to provide new ideas for the researches on application technology of rare earth elements in agriculture.

  Effect of Phosphorus Application on Crop Yield and Some Physiological Characters in Wheat/broad bean Intercropping System Zhang Lijun, Zhang Enhe 2005, 21 (12):  222-222.  Abstract + ( 1630 )   The preliminary analysis experiment was carried out to study the effect of P application On economic yield and physiological character related to economic yield in the wheat/broad bean intercropping system. The results were indicated that P application could increase sharply the economic yield of wheat and broad bean . In contrast to the no-P application（P0），the yield of wheat and broad bean increased by 51.78% and 24.16% under the treatment of middle-P application (P1) ,by 58.05% and 23.74% under the treatment of high-P application(P2). The results also shows that the reason why P application result in the increase of economic yield were probably that it enhance the chlorophyll content of the above leaf and the whole-plant soluble sugar content during the wheat earring period (broad bean florescence), which was contributive to improve the photosynthesis efficiency and to enhance more nutrient substance transformation to seed . Noticeably ，there also existed positive effect on free proline content of leave when phosphorus was applied in the field, but the difference was not remarkable between treatments.

  Fertilizer Application and Nutrient Balance on Wheat and Maize in High Output Area Qu Ritao, Zhou Changqing, Song Haiyan, Ye Youliang 2005, 21 (12):  225-225.  Abstract + ( 1513 )   Fertilizer application and nutrient balance from 1985 in Yanzhou were discussed in this paper, the results showed that chemical fertilizer consumption was increasing from 1985 to 1993, yet, it changed little after 1993 Wheat yield increased stablely from 1985 to 1997,and decreased after 1997. Maize yield increased stablely from 1985 to 1994, and changed greatly after 1995. The yield of grain crop increased stablely from 1985 to 1994, it changed greatly after 1995.Significant relationship existed between fertilizer consumption and grain yield . Investigation indicated that the average fertilizer consumption on wheat of N, P2O5 and K2O is 289.3 kg/hm2、212.1 kg/hm2、112.7 kg/hm2, respectively, which occupy 23%, 17% and 9% in the total yield of grain crop. The average fertilizer consumption on maize of N, P2O5 and K2O is 462.3 kg/hm2,143.0 kg/hm2 and 58.8 kg/hm2, respectively, which occupy 36%、11% and 5% in the total yield of grain crop .

  Effect of Compound Fertilizers and Humus-compound Fertilizers on Yield and Quality and Economic Benefits of Tomato Cao Hongjie,, Yu Zhimin, Yin Hongbin 2005, 21 (12):  230-230.  Abstract + ( 1335 )   Effect of humus liquid fertilizers and high ratio potassium compound fertilizers on tomato’s yield, quality and economic benefits were studied by field trial. The results show that the humus liquid fertilizers and high ratio potassium compound fertilizers are favor of tomato’s growth and they can improve nutrition quality of tomatoes. The yield is 54.1% higher than CK and the net income is 2.78 times of custom fertilization.

  Investigation of Fertilization on Mulberry in Main Product Area of Hubei Province Lu Jianwei, Chen Fang, Wan Yunfan, Zhang Zhuqing 2005, 21 (12):  233-233.  Abstract + ( 1352 )   An investigation of nutrients management on mulberry was carried out including 44 mulberry orchards distributed in main product area in Hubei province. It was showed that 75.0 and 100 percent mulberry orchards was applied organic manure and inorganic fertilizer. The average N, P2O5 and K2O application rates were 453.0kg/hm2, 114.0kg/hm2 and 175.5kg/hm2, respectively, which ratio was 1:0.25:0.39. Organic resource N, P and K account for 25.5%, 69.7% and 87.2%. The result illuminated that N, P and K applied rates in east Hubei were larger than that of in other main area. The results showed that N application rate over 600 kg/hm2 orchards was 15.9 percent while below 150 kg/hm2 was 22.7 percent, P2O5 application rate over 225 kg/hm2 orchards was 6.8 percent while below 75 kg/hm2 was 22.7 percent, and K2O application rate over 300 kg/hm2 orchards was 15.9 percent while no 22.7 percent orchards without any K applied. The investigation demonstrated that 25.5 and 63.6 percent orchards applied fertilizer once and twice in whole year which reflected mulberry fertilization times was too few.

  Effect of Vermicompost on Soil Fertility and Growth ,Quality of Cabbage Lu Zhenyu, Ma Yongliang 2005, 21 (12):  236-236.  Abstract + ( 1598 )   A experiment was conducted in field to test efficiency of vermicompost ,and two crops were produced.The results showed that:when the second crop was finished,compared with that of soil before test,contents of soil organic matter,total N , P increased respectively by 78.7%,47.9% ,40.8% in the treatment of only applying vermicompost ,which also increased respectively by 38.4%,21.9% ,28.2% in the treatment of applying vermicompost with inorganic fertilizer; total number of the three sorts of microorganisms increased respectively by 108.2%,51.8% in two treatments of only applying vermicompost and applying vermicompost with inorganic fertilizer.Employing vermicompost could increase available nutrients ,promote the growth of leaf area,accelerate accumulation of dry matter.when the first and second crops were finished,compared to the treatment of no fertilizer, only applying vermicompost increased yield by 45.5% and 77.5%, applying vermicompost with inorganic fertilizer increased yield by 76.1% and 103.9%,the differene was great significant. Employing vermicompost could improve the quality of cabbage,decrease nitrate content,and increse the content of Vc.

  Study on Biological Properties of Natural Paddy Soils Applied with Organic Matters Wu Jinggui, Xu Yan, Wang Minghui, Jiang Yimei, Wu Jiang 2005, 21 (12):  241-241.  Abstract + ( 1394 )   Biological properties of natural paddy soilsapplied with organic matters were studied by soil culture. The test results showed that soil biomass carbon was increased significantly by applying organic matters, the effects to soil enzymes were different in accordance with different enzyme species, paddy soils, organic matters and stages of rice growth. As far as the effect commonness of organic matters on enzymes of natural soils, organic matters had an inhabiting effect on the rising of urease and catalase activity in early stage of soil flooding, at the same time, polyphenol oxidase activity was enhanced rapidly, but declined in later stage of rice growth. Invertase activity and phosphatase activity were improved significantly. However, the effects of organic matters on dehydrogenase activity were reverse in the two soils.

  Experiment of the Tobacco Afloat Seedling with the Substrate of new Materials Zhang Mingzhong, Zhang Yingcui, Zhu Hongye, Feng Guangheng, Li Qingping，Chen Gang ,Shi Liangtao, Pan yanhua, 2005, 21 (12):  248-248.  Abstract + ( 1545 )   The tobacco suspending seedling experiment was carried on. The substrate is the Reyan No.4 king grass after the processing and fermenting and mixing with pearl rock and vermiculite with different ratio. the result shows there is significance difference between the two fermented grass meal under the different treatment and different ratio, and the several substrates of higher germination rates were picked out : when the diameter is 7, the treatment is 1 , the reaction degree is 80% and the ratio is 3:2:5, the two germination rates are 81.84% and 59.38% respectively; when the diameter is 4, the treatment is 2, the reaction degree is 100% and the ratio is 3:2:5, the two germination rates are 86.25% and 68.75% respectively.

  Effect of municipal sludge organic fertilizer on potato yield, qualityand heavy metal uptake Ding Wen , Wang Haiqing 2005, 21 (12):  254-254.  Abstract + ( 1557 )   Field trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of municipal sludge organic fertilizer on the growth, yield, quality of potato and uptake of heavy metals by plant. The results indicated that, along with application of normal fertilizers, application of sludge organic fertilizer could significantly increase potato yield, commercial class and quality. The contents of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu and Zn were below the national food and hygiene standard level.

  The Change of Soil Enzyme Activities in Vegetable Duration Growth Du Juan,, Chun Zhiwang 2005, 21 (12):  257-257.  Abstract + ( 1396 )   The paper introduced the affect of organic manure and chemical fertilizer on soil enzyme activities in vegetable duration growth .The change of soil enzyme activities aren’t apparently different in the area where plant black cabbage to the area where plant tomato. Application of organic manure can increase the activities of Sucrase, Phosphatase, Urase insoil.

  Study on The Degradation of Rice Straw by Flammulina velutipes Gao Jinquan, Liu Chaogui, Li Chengqiong 2005, 21 (12):  260-260.  Abstract + ( 1511 )   The strains of Flammulina velutipes are cultured with rice straw. The change of lignocellulose in medium and the transformational law of extracellular enzyme activity related to the degradation of major medium constituent at different culture stages are studied. Results show that the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose are occurred in reproductive period primarily and the degradation of lignin is expediter in vegetative growth period. Enzymes related to the degradation of cellulose are more stable from cultivation prophase to the end. Enzymes related to the degradation of lignin are much higher at cultivation prophase. The activity of xylanase is lower and is higher at the phase of fruiting body occurred. The activity peak of amylase occurred in cultivation prophase. The activity of proteases are higher at cultivation prophase and the phase of fruiting body occurred，however，the activity is more stable.

  Study on Rapid Propagation Techniques of Zamioculcas zamiifolia Lin Wei, Tao Jing, Li Qiqin, Li Weiming, Huang Linyan 2005, 21 (12):  265-265.  Abstract + ( 1377 )   In order to find out the best way for rapid propagation of Zamioculcas zamiifolia, leaves and leaf-shaped stems were used as explants, and 0.1%HgCl2 as disinfectant in this experiment. The results showed that: The optimum disinfecting time for both explants was 8 to10minutes, and the most suitable medium for adventitious bud induction of leaf explants was MS+6-BA2.0mg/L.Besides, the optimum medium for adventitious bud propagation was MS+6-BA3.0 mg/L +KT0.8 mg/L or MS+6-BA5.0 mg/L +KT0.3 mg/L, and for adventitious root induction was 1/2MS+6-BA2.0 mg/L +NAA0.3 mg/L.

  Studies on the Plant in Vitro Regeneration System in Pepper Huang Wei, Gong Zhenhui 2005, 21 (12):  268-268.  Abstract + ( 1600 )   This study established the program of a high efficient in vitro regeneration procedure of five pepper cultivars. The effect of genotypes, explants, hormones, and days of seedlings on the tissue culture in pepper was investigated systematically. Three cultivars of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), ‘Nongchengjiao No.2’, ‘0127’, and ‘0171’, were screened out of five cultivars for their high capacity of regeneration. The experimental results showed that the cotyledon explants taken from 12-day-old seedlings displayed the highest shoot-buds regeneration capacity. As far as culture medium was concerned, the buds induced well on MS+3% sucrose＋0.6% agar＋5.0mg/L BA＋0.5~1.0mg/L IAA, which made the shoot buds differentiation frequency of 98%. Moreover, 45.7% of induced buds elongated well on the medium of MS+3% sucrose＋0.6% agar＋3.0mg/L BA＋1.0mg/L IAA＋2.0mg/L GA3＋10.0mg/L AgNO3. The regenerated plants were transplanted into nutrient soil and developed into normal plants. So, an efficient program for plant regeneration from explants of pepper had been developed.

  Progress on Selecting and Breeding of Orchid Zeng Biyu, Zhu Gengfa, Liu Haitao 2005, 21 (12):  272-272.  Abstract + ( 1963 )   Orchidaceae is one of the largest families of monocot plants. Germplasm resources investigation, collecting and domestication have been attached importance to by all over the country. The seeds of seventeen species of orchids have been stored successfully through cryopreservation. Chromosome techniques and molecular marker techniques have been demonstrated to be powerful techniques for the study of the estimation of resources. There are a few reports about the study of genomic analysis and genetic diversities of orchidaceous plants. Hand pollination is one of the most important ways of breeding and many hybrids have been attained. The techniques of polyploid breeding and molecular marker are helpful for breeding and polyploid plants and transgenic plants have been obtained.

  Physicochemical Properties and Cultivation Effects of Sawdust-compound Substrates on Cherry Tomato Wang Mingzu, Du Jianjun, Li Yongsheng, Xie Yong 2005, 21 (12):  277-277.  Abstract + ( 1637 )   The physicochemical properties of sawdust-compound substrates and their effects on cherry tomato were studied by pot experiment. The results showed that the sawdust- compound substrates were better than the peat-compound substrate (60%peat+ 20%sand +20%perlite) in the physicochemical properties, such as total porosity, aeration porosity, water content and pH. Among them the compound substrate of 60% sawdust+40% coal cinder (T4) was the best one and also had the biggest capability of conserving water and fertilizer. Therefore T4 got the highest yield increased by 30.3% and had not significant difference in quality compared with the control. As a conclusion, T4 was an appropriate compound substrate for cherry tomato soilless culture.

  Summary of Mount Tai sealwort culture technical research Bi Yanwen, Gong Junhua, Yang Yongheng 2005, 21 (12):  280-280.  Abstract + ( 1083 )   According to analysis of Mount Tai sealwort wild resource and ecological environment, the soil of seed sprouting bed has been treated with 700 times mancozeb and phoxim powder 20g/m2 ,the seed germination rate and survival rate are up to 81% and 76% respectively. 600 times phoxim cooperate with 1000 times dipterex has been applied to control pest, and the effect can be up to 90%. while transplanting, it is better to apply mixed fertilizer with 6.0kg/m2, and the appropriate row spacing is 25cm, plant spacing is 15～20cm，the shading light should be 65% in the first year after transplanting. To gain good quality and high output, crude drugs of Mount Tai sealwort should be harvesting three years after transplanting, its output of dry product is up to 4410kg/hm2.

  The Progress of The Study on Cyclamen persicum Cultivition Zhang Qin, Li Baohui, Ren Shifu 2005, 21 (12):  283-283.  Abstract + ( 1364 )   The research achievements on Cyclamen persicum in biological characters, effects of environmental factors and hormone were summarized and some problems existed and research directions were discussed in this paper.

  Influence of Light Microclimate of canopy to the growth and development of Fruit Plants Niu Zimian, Sun Junbao, Zhang Wenhe, Yan Hejian 2005, 21 (12):  287-287.  Abstract + ( 1880 )   By the research of Literature on Light microclimate and canopy microclimate of fruit plants, which published in the journal in domestic or overseas, the interception and distribution of light, changes of spectrum of solar radiation and the influence of light microclimate to the growth and development of fruit plants were analyzed and discussed. Thus, the capable way for improving light microclimate for fruit plants was bring forward.

  Studies on Technique of Tissue Culture and Rapid Propagation of Oxalis triangularis purpurea Meng Yue’e, Zhou Zifa, Li Yanmin, Zhao Xiushan 2005, 21 (12):  290-290.  Abstract + ( 1246 )   Studies on hormone combinations of 3 kinds of culture including primary culture、subculture and rooting culture in the micropropagation method of Oxalis triangularis purpurea also on the transplanting conditions of rooted shoots.The experiments showed that the adventitious buds were induced to proliferation on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L、NAA0.5 mg/L and 2,4-D 0.1 mg/L,the induction rate was 83%. On an average 2.6 shoots were formed per original explant in the initial culture.The number of shoots in subculture was more than 3 on MS medium supplemented with 6-BA 0.5 mg/L and NAA0.1 mg/L.The rooting rate of the shoots reached 92% on 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/L NAA;After transferred to a mixture with vermiculite and sands (1:1),about 90% of the rooted shoots were survival.

  Screening of Combined Chinese Herb Extracts for the Fungitoxicity against Monilinia fructicola Xiaoyuan Feng，；Miao Kong；Wensheng Li，Weibo Jiang 2005, 21 (12):  292-292.  Abstract + ( 1510 )   Inhibitory effect of Chinese herb extracts Polygonum cuspidatum，phellodendron Chinese schneid，Magnolia officinalis，Usnea longissima Ach. were determined by the growth rates of mycelium of Monilinia fructicola in vitro. By line regression，50% of Effective Concentration (EC50) of Chinese herb extracts were 133.8μg/ml, 40.6μg/ml, 90.6μg/ml and 3.4μg/ml respectively. According to EC50，the five ratios were determined by the evidence of six equal-part points of additive action line, and synergism was judged by the method of co-toxicity factor. The result showed that the plant extracts of phellodendron Chinese schneid and Usnea longissima Ach. with combined ratio of 8:1were the best mixtures for controlling M. fructicola.

  Study on Cultivating Advancement of Codlopsis Pilosula (Franch.) Naff Zhang Yanhong, He Chunyu 2005, 21 (12):  295-295.  Abstract + ( 1407 )   The article reviewed advancement of Codlopsis Pilosula （Franch.）Naff. from the long history record of cultivating and medicinal raw, large distributing area and complex growing conditions, many kinds of cultivating methods, different degree cultivating density, fertilizing methods and weighty, dynamic changes. At the same time, it proposed some meaning questions and aspects to which research may be paid more attention. Combining with practice to search scientific proportion of density, fertilizing, different kinds and ratio and weighty of the factors; studying on the dynamic changes to be satisfied with fields need and economic profits; being based on GAP to build SOP bases; making clean all kinds of specials combined with breeding to afford theory proofs for coming in international markets.

  Preliminary Research Report on the Technology of Pelargonium X Citrenella’s Tissue culture and Rapid Reproduction Li Qingwei, Liang Mingqin, Yang Hongli 2005, 21 (12):  299-299.  Abstract + ( 1305 )   Explants of stem of Pelargonium X Citrenella, was studied by L9(34) orthogonal design,the experimental results showed of the best medium for multiplying was MS+6-BA1.0 mg/L +IBA0.1 mg/L +GA3 1.1 mg/L. The best medium for root was 1/2MS+ IBA0.1mg/L.

  Research overview of hereditary and breeding of the sea-buckthorn Liu Yuna, Yu Zeyuan, Li Xingguo 2005, 21 (12):  301-301.  Abstract + ( 1062 )   According to relevant document issued in domestic and foreign about Sea Buckthorn， the overall survey sea-buckthorn of this text belongs to the classification , distribution and domestic and international sea-buckthorn breeding situation of resources of the plant, have summed up and summarized the sea-buckthorn breeding for two stages of Russia, and proposed the rational suggestion for sea-buckthorn breeding direction and breeding trend in the future of our country.

  Brief Discussion On the Developing Idea of the Western Garden Zhao Lin, Cong Jing 2005, 21 (12):  307-307.  Abstract + ( 1277 )   The garden before the Middle age is the formal garden style ,which is the reflection of the idea that the artificial environment can be beautified; The Renaissance leads the garden art of the Europe to new period, which is the reflection of the idea that there is no contradiction between natural beauty and artificial beauty; The classical garden of the French leads the formal garden style to the top, which is the reflection of the idea that the nature can be changed by the human; The birth of English natural style landscape is the reflection of the idea that the nature can be followed by the artificial and the design should be harmonious with the nature.

  In Vitro Propagation of Phlox paniculata.L. Gao Lixia, Kong xuhui 2005, 21 (12):  314-314.  Abstract + ( 1071 )   An efficiency system of propagation in vitro of Phlox paniculata.L.was developed. The optimum sterilization of young shoots was 9 minutes with 0.1% HgCl2. The best effect of explants was cultured on MS +BA1.0+NAA0.1 +30g sugar and the best effect of multiplication was cultured on MS +BA0.5+ IBA 0.3 +30g sugar. The survival rate of transplant was the hightest by rooting in nurery and the propagation periods were the shortest.

  Study on Pest Susceptibility to Multi-bioinsecticidal-toxin BtA Zhu Yujing,, Liu Bo, Cetin Sengonca, Ruan Chuanqing, Lin Kanmei, Mao Naihe, 2005, 21 (12):  316-316.  Abstract + ( 1241 )   Multi-bioinsecticidal-toxin BtA is a bioconjugation product with multiple acting-sites, formed by biochemical bond-linking reaction between two biotoxins, protoxin of Bacillus thuringiensis and Abamectin, through the amino and carboxyl conjugator EDC. The variation of pest susceptibility to Multi-bioinsecticidal-toxin BtA was evaluated by studying the decline and recovery of susceptibility of Plutella xylostella L. to BtA and the susceptibility diversity of P. xylostella populations collected from different regions. The results showed that the susceptibilities of the relatively susceptible lab population were stable to BtA and its two reactants, Bt crystal and Abamectin, with LC50s of 0.0004-0.0020mg/ml. Under the selection pressure, the pest susceptibility reduced, with Resistance Ratio (RR) of 2.29 to BtA after 2 generations comparing with 8.35 and 22.5 to Bt crystal and Abamectin respectively. While the field population was released from the selection pressure, the pest susceptibility increased 4.7-fold to BtA after 2 generations in comparison to 1.28-fold Bt crystal and 2.00-fold to Abamectin. The P. xylostella from seven regions of Fujian province represented polymorphism of susceptibility, while the RRs to BtA, Bt crystal and Abamectin were 1.18~6.85, 1.22~23.93 and 1.58~4.77 respectively. The result of cluster analysis displayed that P. xylostella in middle part of Fujian province had lower susceptibility. It was concluded that the Multi-bioinsecticidal-toxin BtA could help to delay the resistance development, reduce the resistance and rapidly recovery of pest susceptibility.

  Study on Physiological Specialization of Ralstonia solanacearum in Fuzhou Area, Fujian Province Lin Kangmei, Zhu Yujing, Liu Bo, Xiao Rongfeng, Lan Jianglin 2005, 21 (12):  321-321.  Abstract + ( 1670 )   17 strains of Ralstonia solanacearum were isolated from bacterial wilt plants in three counties (or cities) in Fuzhou area, Fujian Province. The results of inoculation experiment on identification hosts showed that the tested 7 strains from tomato, eggplant, ginger and capsicum belonged to physiological race 1. Based on the capacity of the 17 strains utilizing lactose, maltose, cellobiose, mannitol sorbitol, duleitok and the reduction ability to KNO3, 5 strains (29.4%) were classified as biovar I and 3 strains belonged to biovar II, III and IV respectively, while the rest 9 stains didn’t accord with the five biovar standard of Hayward (1964) and He Liyuan (1983), among which two strains were determined temporarily as biovar III-1 due to they could utilize lactose, maltose, cellobiose, mannitol and sorbitol, but not duleitok. Among the tested 12 strains Ralstonia solanacearum from tomato, four were defined as biovar I, two as biovar III-1, one as biovar I, and the rest five didn’t accord with the standard. The tested 1 strain from ginger didn’t accord with the standard. The tested 2 strains from eggplant belonged to biovar II and III, respectively. Between the tested 2 strains from capsicum, one was biovar I and the other one didn’t accord to the standard.

  RP-HPLC Determination of Germicide Mbamt and Its Decomposition Product in Aquatic Environment Gao Yangfan, Chen Xiling, Kong Fanbin, Li Guangling 2005, 21 (12):  325-325.  Abstract + ( 1354 )   This paper presented a method of reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography to determine the germicide N,N-methylene-bi-(2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thidiazole)(MBAMT) and it’s decomposition product 2-amino-5-mercapto-1,3,4-thidiazole)(AMT). Recoveries of MBAMT and AMT were 90% and 94% respectively. The detected limits of concentration for water sample were 7.19nmol/l for MBAMT and 2.87nmol/l for AMT. The resolution between the peaks of MBAMT and AMT was 2.5. The column efficiency and detected sensitivity of this method were significantly better in comparision with normal phase chromatography.

  The Effect of 20 Kinds of Insecticides Against older Instar Larva of Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis Liao Shichun, Zeng Tao, Wei Qiaoxiang 2005, 21 (12):  327-327.  Abstract + ( 1351 )   20 kinds of insecticides against 4-5 instar larva of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were tested. The result showed that the best effect was abamectin, next was fipronil and endosulfan in 24h. The pyrethroid insecticides that included cyhalothrin, fenpropathrin, beta-cypermethrin and the bisultap could still control the Cnaphalocrocis medinalis. The effect of the organical phosphate insecticides that included triazophos, acephate, phoxim, chlorpyrifos, methamidophos, parathion-methyl, dichlorvos and mixture of chlorpyrifos+ abamectin, phoxim +triflumuron and phoxim +cypermethrin against older instar larva of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were nothing. The reselt of the same insecticide against different popution instar larva of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were difference.

  The Research of the Mechanism that Using Harpins Protein to Prevent and Cure Cucumber Frost Mildewed Disease Ⅰ the Activity variety of PAL Enzyme after Inoculating Harpins Protein. Shen Hongbo.,Wen Jingzhi,Ma Chengyun,Miao Xingfen,Ma Shumei, Zheng Tianqi, Ding Junjie 2005, 21 (12):  330-330.  Abstract + ( 1533 )   Through Analyzing the phenylalanine ammonialyase(PAL) activity variety regularity of the leaves after sprayed Harpins protein with different density on indoor cucumber, the thesis probed the mechanism of preventing and curing cucumber with Harpins protein,the result showed：the PAL activity variety during different periods after spraying Harpins protein is different, the PAL activity variety regularity in the leaves has no significant difference, comparing with the check experiment after inoculating Harpin protein with 0.005g/L; however, when inoculating Harpin protein with 0.015g/L,0.045g/L, that of difference is significant , comparing with the check experiment , The PAL activity variety after inoculating Harpins protein can be used as a physiological and chemical index sign, which can be used as a testimony of protecting and curing cucumber frost mildewed disease with Harpins protein.

  Deficiencies existing in flower quarantine in Beijing and the application of supervision measures Zhang Jianhua, Cui Jianchen, Zhang Jinliang, Li Jiuqiang 2005, 21 (12):  333-333.  Abstract + ( 1366 )   Administrative measures for flower quarantine were drawn up based on the quarantine control works in recent years starting with promotions & trainings, quarantine practice & administration and surveillance & control of plant pests. Results showed that both the inspection rate and surveillance rate increased dramatically, and the invasive risk of plant pests was reduced.

  Rapid Detection of Citrus Huang-Long-Bing Pathogen by Monocolony Antibody Colloidial Gold Labelled Technique Liao Junjie, Chen Jianhua, Peng Ying, Zhao Sulan, Li Jinjin, 2005, 21 (12):  336-336.  Abstract + ( 1987 )   The research had succeeded in detecting the Citrus Huanglongbing through the hand-sliced method or dot-marked observation by the monoclonal antibody with colloidal gold-labeled (MACG) technique. The methods are suitable for Citrus seedling detection of Huanglongbing pathogen in batch and general investigation in field, for they are rapidly and easily manipulated and low in price. By the MACG technique, we detected the Citrus plants in field, Citrus seedlings, their microbud-grafting plantlets and the plants after heat-therapy processed, the result showed that 6 kinds of Citrus plant in field, no matter the symptom of Huanglongbing pathogen was appeared or not, were detected to be infected by Huanglongbing pathogen. However microbud-grafting plantlets in tube and the seedlings, which grew from sterilized Citrus seeds, were Huanglongbing pathogen-free. Even most of the new branches and theirs-grafted plants which came from plants-infected after stable temperature processed for 30 days in 40℃ had no Huanglongbing pathogen.

  A Study on the Population Reproduction Characteristic of Different Age Groups of Apodemus Agrarius Yang Zaixue, Zheng Yuanli, Jin Xing 2005, 21 (12):  339-339.  Abstract + ( 1479 )   The variation law of the population reproduction characteristic of different age groups of Apodemus agrarius in Yuqing County, Guizhou Province, have been studied and analyzed systematically from 1999 to 2004. 1011 Apodemus agrarius(including 483 female and 528 male) have been dissected during study. There are distinct age variation in the sex ratio of the population of Apodemus agrarius and obvious discrepancy in the population reproduction capacity of different age groups. The population reproduction capacity increases continuously with the growth of the population age. Adulthood Group I, dulthood Group II and Old Age Group are reproductive population of Apodemus agrarius, and their average pregnancy rate is 45.97%, each birth deliver 5.02 young, testicular dropping rate is 91.98% and reproduction index is 1.0618. Average pregnancy rate, testicular dropping rate and reproduction index are 1.57, 1.42, 1.52 time of and obviously higher than that in the mass except that the difference between the average numbers delivered in each birth and in the mass is not remarkable. How much is the proportion of the three groups are in the population is closely to the decrease or increase of the populations, and which can be regarded as an important basis to predict the population number of the Apodemus agrarius.

  Study on Fungitoxity of 20 Plant Extracts against Phytophthora infestans Cao Jing, Ke shaoying, Wang Shutong, Chai Fengrui, Li Chuan 2005, 21 (12):  343-343.  Abstract + ( 1793 )   Twenty species of plant extracts were tested for their fungitoxity against Phytophthora infestans in this study. Preliminary results showed that 9 of 20 plant extracts showed significant inhibitory effects on sporangia germination and 6 of 20 plant extracts showed significant inhibitory effects sporangia forming of P. infestans. Four species of the plant extracts including Ts-86, Ts-39, Ts-109 and Ts-121 showed equivalent strong inhibitory effects with the chemical control-“Ridomil” 3000 times dilution were further tested on slides for their inhibitory effects on sporangia germination and production of P. infestans. The extract Ts-86 showed equivalent strong inhibitory effects with the chemical control-“Ridomil” 3000 times dilution, and significantly stronger than the other three extracts.

  Research on isolating and screening one strain bacillus on kiwifruit canker disease Sheng Cunbo, An Derong, Lu Yanwen, Quan Xin 2005, 21 (12):  346-346.  Abstract + ( 1623 )   Twelve antagonistic strains, which inhibit the pathogen of kiwifruit cancer disease seriously, were screened out from rhizosphere soil. Activity of biologic inhibition was enhanced obviously, after purified by single-cell isolation. Especially, B17-4、 B56-1 and B56-3 were obvious. The result of field trial showed that control effect could get to 88%, by getting rid of infected tissue with smearing, when the filtration of B56-3 fermentation was dilute 500 times.

  The Biological Characteristics and Prevention of Scale Insects Liu Guifeng, Liu Yuping 2005, 21 (12):  349-349.  Abstract + ( 1399 )   Eulecanium gigantea and Eulecanium kuwanai occure one generation a year in Huhhot, they spend the winter in the trunk. They have two kinds of natural enemies: Blastothrix sericae Dalman and Beijing utila Yang. The scale insects are less noticeable, developing fast and reproducing quickly. And Eulecanium gigantea belongs to quarantine objects of plants in the forests. So any one way can’t control them, all the ways should be used. The control of scale insects in huhhot should be used the principle of integrated control.

  HPLC Determination For Active Ingredient in Chlorothalonil Li Xiaolan 2005, 21 (12):  352-352.  Abstract + ( 1726 )   The new method for the determination of active ingredient in chlorothalonil by HPLC on 250×4.0mm Lichosorb Si60- 5μchromatographic column with 254nm UV-detector was established.The mobil phase was n-heptane _ methylene chloride (80:20v/v) and flow rate was set at 1.2ml/min,The method was simple, rapid,accurate and practical. The linear correlation were 0.03mg/ml-1.2mg/ml,the recovery were 99.01%-100.72%,the coefficients of variation were 0.277%.

  Exploration of sustainable development management mode of ecological village in the suburb of Beijing ——an case study in Beizhai village in Huairou Wang Suzhen, Wu Wenliang, Liu Liming Zhang Junlian 2005, 21 (12):  359-359.  Abstract + ( 1371 )   The paper studies the sustainable development management mode of ecological village in the suburb of Beijing，reviews and analyses the connotation and development of ecological village construction。The paper take the Beizhai village which located in Huairou as study case，explores the measure and social security system construction which assisted the aim of ecological village construction。Based on the above analyses, the paper concludes that takes the collective economy as dragonhead，erects and consummates the legal supervision mechanism of assets management by scientific method，plaies the service function of organizational framework，increases the investment in agricultural education，advances the integer villager living level are the approaches which can achieve the objective of sustainable development。

  Impact of Drought on the Value of Littoral Wetland Ecological in the East of Cangzhou Xing Kaicheng, Gogn Yu 2005, 21 (12):  363-363.  Abstract + ( 1445 )   The littoral wetland in the east of Cangzhou that has unique geographical position, more complicated ecological environment, and abundant food resources makes it become the paradise that birds live and multiplied, also, it is the joint spot of migratory birds migrate north and south, importance " transfer station ", surviving in winter and breeding spot on the pass way of birds migrating of Northeast Asian inland and the Pacific Ocean west bank.. But because natural precipitation had been fallen sharply after the eighties of the 20th century, temperature rises and causes evaporation capacity to increase, had been influenced seriously the ecological environment of littoral wetland of the east of Cangzhou. This text systemic expounds its ecological resources, ecological construction current, ecological values and Impact of drought on environment of littoral wetland ecological, etc. raises some constructive opinions and suggestions from ecology protective development and such respects as the perspective long-term plan of sustainable development.

  Landform microclimate characteristic of sloping and hummock in North region of Loessial plateau Pan Xuebiao, Long Buju, Su Yanhua, Yu Miao, Ma Zhiguo, Zhang Ping 2005, 21 (12):  367-367.  Abstract + ( 1528 )   The thermometers with heat sensitive resistance sensors were used to measure the air temperature of different sites and heights over ground 30cm, 80cm and 150cm of sloping and hummock at Wudaoaobao of Zhungeer. The result showed that the air temperature of south sloping were higher than that of north sloping at same height on donga landform of loess high plateau, at some sites the temperature of south sloping was higher 0.3℃ to 0.5℃ than north sloping. The mean air temperature of daytime at 30cm above ground was higher than that at 150cm, and at some sites the difference was higher than 1℃, and in night the temperature of 30cm above ground was lower. The landform affected air temperature of different sites and the re-distribution of rainfall, which would affected the crop growth and development.

  Cultivated land resources security and its corresponding Counter-measures in China Zhang ShiGong, Ji Chun, Qiu JianJun, Tang HuaJun 2005, 21 (12):  372-372.  Abstract + ( 1412 )   Being the main productive material for agriculture and the direct productive object for farmers, cultivated land resources is one of the most basal factors consisting of the comprehensive ability of grain production, and the base and assurance for realizing grain security in China. Based on the study of the quantitative security, quality security and ecological security of cultivated land resources, four suggestions for protecting and increasing security of cultivated land resources were also proposed.

  Analysis on Development of Vegetation in Loess Plateau Wang Hansheng 2005, 21 (12):  382-382.  Abstract + ( 1365 )   From some conceptions, the characteristics of the Loess Plateau vegetation development as well as its background conditions and bases are dealt with. It is indicated that the vegetation construction in the Loess Plateau is the premise of the vegetation development, and actually coincides with the ecological rehabilitation discussed presently. That the vegetation construction is of various links would need both highlighting vegetation individuality and emphasizing vegetation entirety. In large-area vegetation construction, natural vegetation is a foundation, and artificial vegetation is a supplement, improvement or perfection to it; suitable and reasonable disposal of artificial vegetation would be allowable. Crop-representative artificial vegetation is positive and significant. Between natural vegetation and artificial vegetation or between vegetation for ecology and vegetation for economy, no complete limit exists. For their middle-type vegetation, there is a large expanding room. The vegetation construction expects that a landscape pattern taking vegetation for ecology as a frame would eventually be formed. The agricultural districts should be main ones for human productive activities for economy. Compared with mountain districts, cities, towns, factories and mines in the Loess Plateau, agricultural districts are crucial for the vegetation construction.

  Dissolved Organic Matter and Its Effect on Activity of Soil Heavy Metal Wang Zhixi, Qu Ming 2005, 21 (12):  388-388.  Abstract + ( 1279 )   Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is an important component in soil solution, it have vital function on soil chemical and biological process. In the past twenty years, many researchers studied the function of DOM in soil and have large progress. DOM will have a significant effect on the retardation factor of most heavy metal or the heavy metal had an especially strong affinity for DOM. The strong affinity have an significant effect on activity of soil heavy metal and environments, and many researchers found that the different source and extraction method have different function. This article review the source、structure、ecology function of DOM and its impacts on activity of soil heavy metal. Based on this, introduce some problems that should be solved in future.

  Application of HaiSOTER Database of 1:200000 in Hainan Island Zhang Liming, Wei Zhiyuan, Qi Zhiping 2005, 21 (12):  397-397.  Abstract + ( 1634 )   HaiSOTER is the first integrated region SOTER database of 1:200000 scale in the global range, and it is the first database with normative method and many applied model, which found by China with International Soil Reference and Information Centre (ISRIC) in directly. The course of design and realization of HaiSOTER database and its successful application in the systematic evaluating of soil quality of Hainan Island、the suitability evaluating of tropical crops、the risk evaluating of soil erosion and the research of theory of pedodiversity of whole island were introduced in this paper. Furthermore, it is very wide prospect and strong vitality to found the large and medium scale SOTER database systems in China.

  Establishment of the Explant Regeneration System for Genetic Transformation and Transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogene of Siraitia grosvenorii（Swingle）C. Jeffrey Zeng Lihui, Wu Jinshou, Ke Shishang, Liu Fang 2005, 21 (12):  403-403.  Abstract + ( 1782 )   Stem segments and leafy discs from in vitro grown plantlets of Siraitia grosvenorii（Swingle）C. Jeffrey cv.Qingpinguo were used as explants,the regeneration system of recipient material for genetic transformation was developped. Transformation mediated by Agrobacterium rhizogene was also explored in this experiment. The results showed that the regeneration ability of stem was better than leafy and stem segments were sensitive to Agrobacterium . Stem segments were good recipent material for gene transformation. On the MS basic medium with 1 mg/ LBA, 1 mg/ LKT, 0.2 mg/ L NAA and 30 mg/L sugarose, the frequency of bud induction of 20-day-old stem segments was 100%, every stem segments produced 9.7 buds in average and the survival rate of transferred plantlets was over 90%. Injury to explants improved the number of induced bud. Hairy roots were formed from stem segments infected by Agrobacterium rhizogene. The induction and the culture of hairy root of Siraitia grosvenorii（Swingle）C. Jeffrey will be helpful for the study and development of its medicinal functions.

  The Designing and Implementation of Chinese Agriculture Information Resources Search Engine Xiong Jinhui,, Zhang Hailei, Yu Bo, Jin Chengzhu 2005, 21 (12):  407-407.  Abstract + ( 1562 )   The necessity of constructing conformity platform of Chinese agriculture information resources (Professional Search Engine for Agriculture) was analyzed thorough the survey of actuality of agriculture information development in China. The development and tendency of Professional Search Engine (PSE) was also involved in this paper. The framework of a PSE for agriculture (NOVA Chinese PSE System for Agriculture) is put forward, and also the principal techniques for PSE for Agriculture such as Web Crawler/Spider, Text Categorization, and Indexing & Search etc. are discussed.

  A Method to Build High Quality DEMs―ANUDEM Method Zhang Caixia,, Yang Qinke,, Duan Jianjun 2005, 21 (12):  411-411.  Abstract + ( 1851 )   The regular grid digital elevation models (DEMs) with high quality are the premise of calculating slope gradient, aspect, and modeling hydrology accurately. With the input data commonly available and the known characteristics of elevation surfaces, ANUDEM utilizes an iterative finite differential interpolation technique and the drainage enforcement algorithm to remove all sink points in the output DEM that have not been identified as sinks in the input sink coverage and ensure connected drainage structure and sensible representation of ridges and streams. In addition, the output diagnostic files are useful to identify large elevation errors and locations where elevation data and streamline data and then improve the quality of the output DEM. Example of a typical catchments in the Loess Hilly and Gully area, the quality of the DEM, which was produced based on the digital map (1:10000) by ANUDEM, was evaluated in terms of the shade map of the DEM, the derived contours map, streamlines and slope form the DEM. The study shows that the surface of DEM is smooth, the contours and the streamlines form the DEM are matching well to the originals and the slope is correct, so such high quality DEM can represent the shape and drainage structure of the real landform accurately. Therefore, ANUDEM is a good method to produce DEMs with high quality.

  Cotton Growth Suitable Evaluation Based on Space Interpolation Method Chen Weiqiang,, Ma Xinming, Zhou Yongjuan, Liu Musen 2005, 21 (12):  424-424.  Abstract + ( 1273 )   Based on space interpolation method, the monitoring soil point data was interpolated into polygon data.Then the cotton growth suitability was evaluated. It is important for directing cotton production, furthermore the method is worth of reference.

  Technical Approaches for Exploiting and Enhancing the Rainfall Potentials of Minor Crops in the Loess Plateau Du Huping 2005, 21 (12):  428-428.  Abstract + ( 1362 )   Water resources have become the limiting factor of grain production in the loess plateau. Currently, the rainfall use efficiency only amounts to about 35% in the farmland of the loess plateau, but researches indicate that the rainfall use efficiency can reach as high as 70%~80%. The paper expatiate up the technical approaches for exploiting and enhancing the Rainfall Potentials of Minor Crops in the Loess Plateau in accordance with improving internal community productivity, controlling the runoff discharge from slope land by farmland construction, inhibiting non-effective consumption of farmland water, enhancing the spatial enrichment of farmland water, and establishing the planting structure matching with rainfall.

  Dose field calculation of a 60Co irradiation device by Microsoft excel Chen Wenjie, Huang Tingjun, Zhang xingnian 2005, 21 (12):  432-432.  Abstract + ( 1453 )   It is discussed in this paper that methods of calculating dose field in a 60Co irradiation device with a pair of irradiation source frame by Microsoft excel. They are separately discussed that setting up a coordinate system in an irradiation field, calculating dose rate at a point in a Euler space by a single thread source, calculating dose rate at a point by all thread souces, and souce active at certain date. Applications at our irradiation center show that methods are correct.

  Effects of Density and Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on Survival and Growth of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei Cao Mei, Wang Xingqiang, Yan Binlun 2005, 21 (12):  435-435.  Abstract + ( 1527 )   A 3×3 factorial experiment was conducted to determine the effects of density (361.20、722.40 and 1083.60 individuals/m2) and dietary carbohydrate levels (15.47%, 29.15% and 41.00%) on survival and growth of juvenile L. vannamei. The experiment lasted for 5 weeks. The results showed that at each density level, the survival rate and specific growth rate decreased while food coefficient increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate level; at each dietary carbohydrate level, the survival rate, specific growth rate, food consumption and food coefficient decreased with increasing density level.

  A Preliminary Research on Communication Function of Rural Journalism in Contemporary China Liu Jizhong 2005, 21 (12):  438-438.  Abstract + ( 1107 )   The communication function of Rural Journalism has so little discussed, although more of general Journalism, which hold back the development of rural news resources. The paper discusses the communication functions of Rural Journalism from both organization aspects and society aspects. Including: information communication, explaining and dredges, guiding, anti-poverty and its influences on regulation and control with rural public opinion, the idea “upgrade” of peasant, the push of rural politics development, the promotion of rural economics, the transition of rural culture etc。

  The Current and Development Strategy and Measures of Soybean Industry in HULUNBEIER City Shao Yubin,Liu zhongfeng, Zhang Zhilong,Sun yan ,Liu Liangyi, Hu Xingguo, Yuan Shuming, Cui Guifa,Liu zhongbiao, Ge Junqing,Zheng jia 2005, 21 (12):  446-446.  Abstract + ( 1644 )   Taking the measures of investigation and research, combined with the practice, given a summary of the current of soybean industry, and a further development strategy and measures been drawn in primary. HULUNBEIER city located on the high quality soybean industry region in the China , is the biggest city of soybean planting in our country, especially, MOQI(located on HULUNBEIER city ) is the biggest county of soybean planting in the China ,it’s soybean Planting area is 500000 hm2 per year , the total yield can reach 700,000t, The area covers 75% of inner MOGOLIA and 5.5% of whole China’s soybean , water shortage and alternate and continuous cropping is the main obstacle of soybean production in the current . Just for this, to strengthen the support of state and technique investing, making effort to the improvement of quality, per unit yield, total yield, and production base constructed, to strengthen and to enlarge the trade and process enterprises, enhancing the additional value of soybean product, therefore, to push the healthy development of soybean industry.

  Discussion about the new-type mode of rural cooperative association in our country ——lessons draw from Baixin cooperative society of lishu xian lishiping, Jiangmeili 2005, 21 (12):  452-452.  Abstract + ( 1246 )   At present, it has already been an irrefutable fact that peasants had difficulty in getting a raise even their living standards dropped. So, as a counter measure, it is imperative to probe in and pursue a more cost-effective production manner in the countryside --The rural cooperative economic organization. The purpose of rural cooperative association that we advocate not merely lies in improving peasants' cooperative transformation degree; it also requires the peasants’ strength leading market with the government support. With cooperative association, such an platform, we can combine a lot of things inside, like common people's education, medical treatment ensuring, technology popularization, ecological agriculture and the rights safeguarding, then increase peasants’ income, and build a harmonious new countryside.

  Strengthening Function of Social Services Continuously, Building the Scientific Park of Agricultural and Forestry Universities Well Xue Jianpeng 2005, 21 (12):  455-455.  Abstract + ( 1048 )   The function of social service is an important part for universities and its kernel computation. Scientific Park of Northwest A&F University finds position correctly to strengthen its function of social service. Focusing on “five combinations” to promote the parallel development in different areas, Scientific Park of Northwest A&F University has achieved both social and economic benefits, and found a road with characteristics for the sustainable development of scientific park of agricultural universities.

  The analysis of the development of the social ideology of peasants in our country Chen Bo, Xin Bin, Sheng Hongyong, Cao Le 2005, 21 (12):  459-459.  Abstract + ( 1316 )   China is regarded as the large agricultural country relying mainly on people in the countryside. Peasants are the foundation of national economy and regime, whose quality is a prerequisite of economic development. Enormous progresses are made in such aspects as politics, economy, science and technology, culture, education since our country is implementing reform and opening-up, Peasants of our country having got considerable developments in many aspects too, especially the social ideology. So, first, it will probe into the forming, the characteristics, and the reasons of the change of the social ideology from philosophy, economics, sociology, etc., drawing the conclusion that the social ideology develops as the development of thinking；Then to do a generality analysis of the characteristics of the peasant’s social ideology before the reform and opening-up; finally, to carry systematic research.on educational idea, political ideology,legal thought, economic consciousness of peasants since reform and opening-up of our country.

  The Problem of the Production of Beef Cattle in Three-Gorges Reservoir Area and Countermeasures Sun Minghui, Li Yuemin, Zhou Hongbin 2005, 21 (12):  465-465.  Abstract + ( 1344 )   Developing the Grass-feeding Livestock industry in the Three-Gorges Reservoir Area is consistent with the policy that farmland return to meadow or forest and adjust village industrial structure. However, the developing of the Grass-feeding Livestock industry in the Reservoir Area is restricted by many problems such as breed reproduction and nutrition. These problems were investigated and some countermeasures were suggested.