Abstract: Rapeseed microspore culture plays important roles in both basic and applied studies. Since Lichter carried on the microspore culture and succeed in Brassica napus in 1982, a large number of research results on microspore culture technology, including factors influence microspore embryogenesis, plant regeneration from microspore derived embryos, plant transplant in growing field, chromosome doubling etc., were obtained in the past two decades and a few of critical techniques were improved in recent years. Based on these results, a high-efficient microspore culture technical system for field-growing rapeseed plants was established. Using this technical system, the progenies of somatic hybrids from Brassica napus with Xinjiang wild rape were cultured, the embryo yield of each plate is up to more than 300 on average. The plant survival rate reached 89.0% by directly transplanting microspore derived plants from tube to field. In addition, a yellow seed DH population containing 127 DH lines and a seed weight segregant DH population containing 115 DH lines were constructed.