Abstract: China is regarded as the large agricultural country relying mainly on people in the countryside. Peasants are the foundation of national economy and regime, whose quality is a prerequisite of economic development. Enormous progresses are made in such aspects as politics, economy, science and technology, culture, education since our country is implementing reform and opening-up, Peasants of our country having got considerable developments in many aspects too, especially the social ideology. So, first, it will probe into the forming, the characteristics, and the reasons of the change of the social ideology from philosophy, economics, sociology, etc., drawing the conclusion that the social ideology develops as the development of thinking；Then to do a generality analysis of the characteristics of the peasant’s social ideology before the reform and opening-up; finally, to carry systematic research.on educational idea, political ideology,legal thought, economic consciousness of peasants since reform and opening-up of our country.