Abstract: The paper aims to investigate the role of two MADS-box genes in controlling sex differentiation of Vitis amurensis Rupr.. Real-time PCR was performed to observe the expression profiling of VvMADS5 and VvMADS8 in male and female floral development of Vitis amurensis Rupr. The results indicated that: the two genes were expressed not only in the male floral but also in the female floral; the expression pattern and expression value in the male floral were almost the same as that in the female floral; the expression pattern of VvMADS5 between male and the female was the same, but the expression value in the female was significantly higher than that in the male floral; the expression of VvMADS8 appeared one peak value at bud intumescence stage (April 30), while the highest expression quantity of VvMADS5 appeared at inflorescence show stage (May 14). VvMADS5 and VvMADS8 participated in sex differentiation of Vitis amurensis Rupr., but were not the key genes of controlling sex differentiation.