Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.22 Published:09 August 2016

  Cutting Propagation of Taxus media Ma Yuanshan,Cao Luyan,Liang Shuyun,Fu Yulan and Zhang Haitao 2016, 32 (22):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120150 Abstract + ( 1088 )   PDF ( 493KB )   ( 540 ) To investigate the rapid propagation technique of Taxus media, peaty soil, pearlite and river sand were used as culture medium with different proportions. Cutting branches were dipped into four kinds of phytohormones including NAA, IBA, 2,4-D and ABT at different concentrations (100, 200 and 300 mg/L), and the comparison experiments were conducted. The results showed that the treatment of peaty soil: pearlite = 1:1 and 200 and 300 mg/L IBA had relative better survival rate than other treatments. The results will shed light on the rapid propagation technique of Taxus media.

  Effects of Potassium on Seedling Growth and Root Morphology of Acacia melanoxylon 2016, 32 (22):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120083 Abstract + ( 916 )   PDF ( 1832KB )   ( 421 ) The study aims to explore the response mechanism of Acacia melanoxylon seedling to K fertilizers, and provide a theoretical basis for Acacia melanoxylon seedling cultivation. A randomized block design was used to set potassium fertilizer application. Treatments with seven different concentrations were carried out. The results showed that the best fertilization range was 150-200 mg/seedling, and the effect of both treatment K- 200 and K- 150 were significantly different from other treatments. At the end of the trial, the ground diameter and seedling height of treatment K- 150 were 2.07 mm and 35.4 cm, while the underground and above-ground biomass were 0.19 g and 1.14 g, which increased by 27%, 33%, 90% and 97% respectively compared with the control. The root length was 380.10 cm, which increased by 60.3% compared with the control. The trial indicated that suitable potassium fertilizer application could promote the growth of Acacia melanoxylon seedling. However, if the application amount was too high (K-300) or too low (K-50), it would even damage the plant’s root system and affect plant’s growth.

  Green-wood Cutting Techniques of Acer rubrum L. in Numerical Control Greenhouse Ren Jie,Ding Zengcheng,,Tang Fei,Shi Dan,Fu Songling,Jin Xiaolong and Guo Rui 2016, 32 (22):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120156 Abstract + ( 873 )   PDF ( 504KB )   ( 350 ) Red maple (Acer rubrum L.) is a tree species that is not easy to survive cutting. The cutting of red maple has high requirements for controlled environments, cuttings age and so on. The research was carried out in the greenhouse with automatic control system and device. In the greenhouse, environmental information and greenhouse controls were embedded. Besides, air humidity, temperature and light intensity were all controlled by the system. Study showed that the cutting depth of 5 cm had the best effect on root growth. Cutting conducted in late August could achieve 82.3% rooting rate, and the next high survival group was May. The cultivation groups with 65% and 80% substrate moisture content showed the highest rooting effect, and in the late period, the moisture content should be cut down to receive better root growth. The semi lignified shoots of red maple dipped in 100 mg/L ABT1# or 200 mg/L NAA for 6 h showed the best results. The test results may guide the cutting production of red maple.

  Plus Scattered Trees Selection of Pterocarya stenoptera Wang Xiaorong,Hu Xingyi,Du Kebing,Fu Tian,Pang Hongdong and Hu Wenjie 2016, 32 (22):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010035 Abstract + ( 1183 )   PDF ( 715KB )   ( 428 ) This research aimed at an effective utilization of Pterocarya stenoptera excellent genetic resources, methodological system of plus scattered trees selection of Pterocarya stenoptera was established in order to provide a scientific basis for genetic improvement and exploitation and utilization of this species. On the basis of extensive field investigation, a regression equation between tree age and diameter at breast height of Pterocarya stenoptera in Jianghan plain was established as Y=0.737X 10.277. 24 candidate plus scattered trees of Pterocarya stenoptera were used as the research object, the weight value of annual average growth, ratio of height to diameter, height under branch, crown, ratio of crown to diameter, branching angle, bark thickness and the thickest branches were determined using principal component analysis. Combined with quantitative indicators and form quality index of primary plus scattered trees, 6 plus scattered trees were selected by the comprehensive scoring method, and the selection rate was 25%. The comprehensive scoring method provides a scientific method for plus scattered trees selection.

  Effects of Foliar Fertilizers on Moringa oleifora Quality Wang Huijiao,Wang Tai,Han Xueqin,Jin Jie,Liao Chengfei,Li Guihua and Zhang Naiming 2016, 32 (22):  21-25.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050103 Abstract + ( 1066 )   PDF ( 1156KB )   ( 406 ) The paper studied effects of different foliar fertilizers and their concentration on quality of Moringa oleifora, to provide certain bases for field management of M. oleifora. 0.5% KH2PO4, 1% KH2PO4, 0.5% self-made foliar fertilizer and equivalent water (control) were sprayed on M. oleifora, and the effects of foliar fertilizers on nutrition indexes of M. oleifora were analyzed. The results showed that spraying foliar fertilizers had significant effects on M. oleifora quality, and nutrition quality could be improved remarkably by spraying KH2PO4. Fertilizer efficiency of 0.5% KH2PO4 was the best, 14.06%, 55.73%, 9.54% and 8.25% higher than control in soluble sugar, vitamin C, protein and flavone. 0.5% self-made foliar fertilizer was 50.38 % higher than control in vitamin C, but significantly lower than 0.5% KH2PO4 in other nutrition indexes. As a conclusion, compared with other treatments, spraying 0.5% KH2PO4 has the greatest effects on quality of M. oleifora, which can be applied to field management of M. oleifora.

  Phenological Characteristics of 18 Species Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehd. Plants in Arid Desert Area Zhang Zhiping,Li Delu,Du Juan,Wei Linyuan and Zhang Weixing 2016, 32 (22):  26-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120123 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 865KB )   ( 465 ) The aim was to enrich the phenological data of Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehd. plants. The 3-year phenological observation data of 18 species of Caragana sinica (Buchoz) Rehd. plants in Minqin desert area were used as material. The phenological types of 4 main phenophases (germination period, sprouting leaves, flowering and fruit ripening) were analyzed by cluster analysis. The phenological types were grouped into 5 layers. The first layer: Caragana purdomii, Caragana zahlbruckneri Schneid., Caragana microphylla, Caragana tibetica, Caragana bongardiana, Caragana Sichuan. The second layer: Caragana stenophylla, Caragana microphylla, Caragana arborescens, Caragana pruinosa, Caragana acanthophylla. The third layer: Caragana intermedia, Caragana korshinskii, Caragana roborovskyi, Caragana opulens. The fourth layer: Caragana rosea, Caragna fruten. The fifth layer: Caragana hololeuca Bunge ex Kom.. The cluster phenological types substantially complied with ecological characteristics of plant, and the result was more scientific and reasonable compared with that of hierarchical clustering method which directly clustered samples.

  Tissue Culture of Endangered Psammophyte Ammopiptanthus mongolicus 2016, 32 (22):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110136 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 524KB )   ( 581 ) The paper aims to test effects of medium with different hormone combinations on explants callus culture, buds proliferation and rooting culture of rare and endangered plants Ammopiptanthus with aseptic cotyledons and stem segments as explants materials, and screen the optimum medium formula for each culture stage. The results showed that cotyledon was the best explants to induct callus of Ammopiptanthus. The callus induction rate reached its maximum 81.8% at 6-BA 0.5 mg/L, 2,4-D 0.5 mg/L. The clustered buds proliferation rate reached the maximum of 90.2% at 6-BA 2.0 mg/L, NAA 0.5 mg/L. The phenomenon of multiple clustered buds, robust stem and vigorous growth was observed, indicating that higher concentrations of cell division 6-BA could significantly promote cluster bud proliferation. The rooting rate reached the maximum of 70.4% in 1/2MS basic medium added with NAA 1.0 mg/L, the rooting time was the earliest, with obvious main root, which was stout and hairy. The key point in psammophytes tissue culture research will be adjusting inorganic salt concentration in the medium properly to improve the rooting rate.

  Detection and Analysis of Amino Acids in Different Parts of Nitraria sibirica Yusup Mamat,Abdukirim Reyim and Asiya Abdulimit 2016, 32 (22):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020047 Abstract + ( 738 )   PDF ( 467KB )   ( 289 ) The objective was to provide theoretical and scientific basis for determining 17 kinds of amino acids in different parts of Nitraria sibirica. The fruits, seeds, leaves and other parts of Nitraria sibirica were collected in research area as the materials. The chemical determination of 17 kinds of amino acids in the samples was carried out by using hydrochloric acid hydrolysis method, the kind and contents of amino acids from fruits, seeds and leaves of the Nitraria sibirica were detected. The results showed that, the contents of 7 kinds of amino acids in dry fruits which were essential to human body were 0.187-0.781 g/100 g, and leucine with the highest content was up to 0.781 g/100 g. The contents of 2 half essential amino acids and 7 non-essential amino acids were 0.127-1.312 g/100 g. The content of 7 amino acids which were essential for human body in seeds was 0.065-0.795 g/100 g, and leucine with the highest content was up to 0.795 g/100 g. The contents of 2 half essential amino acids and 7 non-essential amino acids in seeds were 0.127-2.136 g/100 g, and glutamic acid with the highest content was up to 2.136 g/100 g. The contents of 7 amino acids essential to human body of dry leaves in different periods, from high to low was July 4.392 g/100 g＞June 3.885 g/100 g＞September 3.307 g/100 g. At the same time, the contents of 2 half essential amino acids and 7 non-essential amino acids from high to low was July 8.783 g/100 g＞June 7.456 g/100 g＞September 6.452 g/100 g. It is concluded that fruits, seeds and leaves of Nitraria sbirica all have relatively high contents of the 17 kinds of amino acids.

  Photosynthetic Characteristics of Broadleaf Afforestation Species in Western Liaoning Yu Qingfu,Dong Shengjun,Lu Caiyun,Zhang Yuncheng and Wang Haiqing 2016, 32 (22):  42-45.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010115 Abstract + ( 690 )   PDF ( 1335KB )   ( 370 ) It is very important for eco-environmental construction in western Liaoning to study the drought resistance mechanism of trees, breed drought resistant varieties, and improve drought resistant afforestation technology. Being the research objects in this study, Armenniaca sibirica, Robinia pseudoacacia, Quercus mongolica, Acer truncatum and Cotinus coggygria are broadleaf tree species and have important ecological value in western Liaoning. In the growing season, we determined and studied the photosynthetic physiological characteristics which would be the physiological base of these trees’ drought resistance. The main results were as follows: the average photosynthetic rate value order of the five tree species from high to low was Armenniaca sibirica, Acer truncatum, Cotinus coggygria, Quercus mongolica and Robinia pseudoacacia, showing that Armenniaca sibirica had higher potential photosynthetic productivity than other species. The order of average stomatal conductance value from low to high was Robinia pseudoacacia, Armenniaca sibirica, Quercus mongolica, Cotinus coggygria and Acer truncatum, showing that Robinia pseudoacacia and Armenniaca sibirica had stronger ability to prevent water loss from stomatal, and they had an excellent foundation of drought resistance. The order of average transpiration rate value from low to high was Robinia pseudoacacia, Armenniaca sibirica, Quercus mongolica, Cotinus coggygria and Acer truncatum, showing that the water losing amount of Robinia pseudoacacia and Armenniaca sibirica was less in the unit time, and the two species had higher WUE.

  Microbial Agents: Effects on Activities of Urease and Catalase in Flue-cured Tobacco Rhizosphere Soil Zeng Qingbin,Li Tao,Wang Changquan,Cai Yan,Yang Junwei,Zhang Ruiping and Li Bin 2016, 32 (22):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010019 Abstract + ( 754 )   PDF ( 489KB )   ( 382 ) To provide references for the application of microbial agents in flue-cured tobacco planting, ‘Yunyan 85’ and ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ were selected as the experimental materials. Based on the addition of microbial agents in nursery substrate, the effects of microbial agents on the activities of urease and catalase in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil were studied. Glial bacillus promoted the urease activity in rhizosphere soil of ‘Yunyan 85’. The urease activity in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere of ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ was significantly improved by the treatment of EM agents or glial bacillus. In addition, catalase activity in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil was significantly promoted by the mixture of EM agents and glial bacillus, and the activity increased by 10.31% in the rapid growth period and 50.26% in maturity period. However, the catalase activity in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil was significantly reduced by the treatment of microbial agents during ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ growth. In summary, the urease activity in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil of ‘Yunyan 85’ and ‘Honghuadajinyuan’ was promoted by the addition of glial bacillus agents, and the catalase activity in flue-cured tobacco rhizosphere soil of ‘Yunyan 85’ was improved obviously by the mixed treatment of EM agents and glial bacillus agents.

  Response of Different Facility Vegetables to Low Temperature in Eastern Guanzhong Liu Menglong,Zhao Wei,Yang Yuanyuan,Zhang Liangmin and Chen Zhijie 2016, 32 (22):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120162 Abstract + ( 778 )   PDF ( 3493KB )   ( 331 ) The paper aims to clarify the response of different facility vegetables in eastern Guanzhong to low temperature. Balsam pear, cucumber, fruit cucumber, tomato, pepper and eggplant were planted in greenhouses in winter. The real-time temperature and illumination were recorded hourly in the greenhouses, and plant height, stem diameter, leaf number and etc. were also recorded every week. The results showed that: 16.8℃ (2014.12.21-12.28) and 12.7℃ (2015.1.25-2.01) were two stages of low temperature in the greenhouses; balsam pear suffered severe chilling damage at low temperature; the growth of cucumber and fruit cucumber’s plant height and leaf numbers were significantly inhibited under both 12.7℃ and 16.8℃; tomato and pepper were sensitive to 12.7℃ and insensitive to 16.8℃; eggplant had a strong tolerance to low temperature, its growth of plant height and stem diameter were not significantly affected under 16.8℃ and 12.7℃. According to the results: the sensitive degree of 6 vegetables to low temperature was: balsam pear>fruit cucumber>cucumber>tomato>pepper>eggplant, and the conclusion could provide guidance for the production of facility vegetable in eastern Guanzhong.

  Nutritional Quality of Different Lactuca sativa L. Varieties Liu Xueying,Fan Shuangxi,Han Yingyan,Huang Jian,Wang Zhenyu and Liu Xiuping 2016, 32 (22):  57-62.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120117 Abstract + ( 845 )   PDF ( 505KB )   ( 386 ) In order to evaluate the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) varieties which have high content of nutrients and low content of nitrate, we determined six nutritional quality parameters including Vc, organic acids, crude fiber, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and nitrate of 25 lettuce varieties in this experiment. Then we calculated the nutritional value of each nutritional quality parameter using the membership function from the fuzzy math. The results showed great differences of the nutritional quality among different lettuce varieties. Moreover, the nutritional quality also had great differences among the lettuces of the same variety but from difference resources. In our research, there were two varieties with high nutritive quality, they were ‘N-I’ and ‘Dasusheng’. And also from the results we found that some varieties were rich both in nutrition and nitrate, providing the direction for optimum breeding.

  Determination of Ethylene Release Rate in Lettuce by Gas Chromatography Ji Xueliang,Liu Xueying,Zhang Xichun,Yang Liu,Liu Zhonghua and Han Yingyan 2016, 32 (22):  63-67.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120147 Abstract + ( 793 )   PDF ( 1718KB )   ( 380 ) Lettuce is bolting easily under high temperature stress. To explore the role of endogenous ethylene in the process of lettuce bolting, we used the gas chromatography to measure the ethylene release content, compared the effects of different time, sampling parts, temperatures, light and moisture conditions on ethylene release. The results showed that the optimal sampling part was stem, the time was 6 h and the temperature was 30℃. We also optimized the chromatographic condition at the same time, made ethylene and air separate better, and got the symmetrical peak of stable baseline.

  Breeding of Y Series Apple Stock with Early Fruiting,Dwarfing and Adverse Resistance Yang Tingzhen,Gao Jingdong,Wang Qian,Cai Huacheng,Li Chunyan,Gong Guihua,Wang Shuting and Wang Xinping 2016, 32 (22):  68-75.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040090 Abstract + ( 1024 )   PDF ( 1195KB )   ( 409 ) Malus baccata which originated in northwestern Shanxi was used as the experiment material for breeding apple dwarfing stock which could adapt to local growing condition. By field investigation and synthetic evaluation, the plants grafted by the seedlings of Malus baccata as rootstock were under primary selection according to the performance of early blossoming and early fruiting, and were under secondary selection according to the performance of continuous blossoming and fruiting, dwarfing, resistance to cold and drought and fruit quality of grafted cultivar; the plants grafted by Malus robusta as rootstock and the tillers from the rootstock of the secondary selection as interstock were under final selection according to dwarfing, growth vigor of grated plant, performance of continuous blossoming and fruiting, resistance to cold and drought and fruit quality of grafted cultivar. The results showed that the plants grafted by the seedlings of Malus baccata from primary selection (named Y series) as rootstock had excellent performance of early flowering and early fruiting, dwarfing, resistance to cold and drought; the plants grafted by 4 superior series from final selection as interstock not only had the primary performance of the plants grafted by Y series as rootstock, but also had better fruit quality. These indicated that Y series was an apple stock population which had outstanding performance of early flowering and early fruiting, dwarfing, and resistance to cold and drought, from which it was most likely to breed more excellent apple dwarfing stock; 4 superior series had outstanding performance of early flowering and early fruiting, dwarfing, and resistance to cold and drought, among them, Y-1(original name: Y-B030) was a excellent apple dwarf stock, Y-2 (original name: Y-B094) was a super-dwarf stock, Y-3 (original name: Y-B007) was a semi-dwarf stock, which were all approved by the variety examine committee.

  Distribution and Enrichment Regularity of Cadmium of Different Mulberry Varieties Jiang Shimeng,Yan Xinpei,Gong Xin,Huang Renzhi,Jia Chaohua,Long Tangzhong,Jiang Yongbing,Qin Zhixiong and Luo Jun 2016, 32 (22):  76-83.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120167 Abstract + ( 782 )   PDF ( 558KB )   ( 364 ) In order to identify the distribution and enrichment regularity of cadmium among different mulberry varieties, ‘Nongsang 14’, ‘Qiangsang 1’ and ‘Yuesang 11’ were planted on cadmium-excessive farmlands with the density of 15000, 30000 and 45000 plants/hm2. According to the results of sample testing and statistical analysis, about 50% of the cadmium absorbed from the soil was distributed in mulberry root, followed by that in branches, stems and leaves, respectively. The cadmium distribution in the sampling parts (except for the leaves) was significantly affected by the mulberry variety, planting density and their interaction. ‘Yuesang 11’ planted on the farmland with cadmium concentration of 2.93 mg/kg and planting density of 15000 plants/hm2 had the strongest enrichment capability. In addition, the cadmium enrichment coefficient (EC) of mulberry was 0.107, and the cadmium transfer factor (TF) of mulberry was 0.243, both were insusceptible to the mulberry variety, planting density and their interaction.

  Correlation Analysis of Main Agronomic Traits and Path Analysis of Yield Factor in Macadamia integrifolia F. Tan Qiujin,Xu Peng,Song Haiyun,Huang Xiyun and Tang Xiuhua 2016, 32 (22):  84-88.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120065 Abstract + ( 697 )   PDF ( 516KB )   ( 403 ) The paper aims to breed fine varieties of Macadamia suitable for cultivation in southwestern Guangxi in China, and investigate the relationship between agronomic traits and the yield. Correlation and path analysis of the agronomic traits of fruit were carried out by using 50 plants of different Macadamia varieties. The results showed that: (1) the skin fresh weight was significantly correlated with the shell weight and dry shell weight, indicating that the heavier the three traits were, the higher the Macadamia’s yield was; the kernel percent was significantly and positively correlated with the nut thickness, but was significantly and negatively correlated with the shell weight and dry shell weight, indicating that with the fruit size increase, more photosynthate would be distributed into the pod shell; (2) path analysis results showed that the single fresh shell weight had a positive effect on the kernel percent, the fresh shell weight had the biggest contribution to the fruit yield and the kernel percent; the increase of each standard unit in the fresh shell weight could result in the increase of the kernel percent by 0.5315 standard unit. The results suggested that the focus of Macadamia breeding should be per fruit weight and kernel percent per fruit.

  Crack Resistance of Different Jujube Cultivars in Jiaxian County Hong Bo,Zhang Feng,Liu Menglong,Li Yingmei,Zhang Shulian and Chen Zhijie 2016, 32 (22):  89-93.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120031 Abstract + ( 732 )   PDF ( 2383KB )   ( 330 ) In order to select anti-cracking jujube cultivars which are suitable for planting in Jiaxian County, the change trends of fruit cracking rate and water absorption rate of ten local jujube cultivars, including‘Jiaxianchangzao’, ‘Goutouzao’, ‘Zanhuangzao’, ‘Junzao’, ‘Hupingzao’, ‘Jinsixiaozao’, ‘Yuanlingzao’, ‘Jinzao’, ‘Lingbaozao’, ‘Muzao’, were analyzed through laboratory experiment under soaking condition, the crack resistances of 10 jujube cultivars were compared. The results showed that, the fruit cracking rate of jujube increased almost in a straight line in less than 24 hours, and tended to be stable after 72 hours. There was a linear dependence between the fruit cracking rate and the water absorption rate of different jujube cultivars during soaking time of 24 to 48 hours in mature stage. The fruit cracking rate significantly varied among different cultivars of jujube, ‘Junzao’ had the highest fruit cracking rate of 93.3%, while ‘Yuanlingzao’ had the lowest of 26.7%, followed by ‘Jiaxianchangzao’ and ‘Lingbaozao’. As a result, ‘Yuanlingzao’, ‘Jiaxianchangzao’ and ‘Lingbaozao‘ were selected as suitable cultivars for planting in Jiaxian County.

  The Effects of Hormones on Root Growth of Lycium Zhang Xiaojuan and Zhang Jie 2016, 32 (22):  94-97.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010026 Abstract + ( 882 )   PDF ( 1076KB )   ( 400 ) The study aims to provide technological support for breeding lycium. On the basis of lycium virus-free plantlet, the stems were used as explants, and the exogenous hormones IAA, IBA, GA and NAA were added to MS medium. Influence of those hormones on rooting and growth of lycium plantlets were investigated and analyzed. The results showed that exogenous IAA had a promoting effect on the rooting and growth of lycium stem in vitro, the effect was most significant with the concentration of 1.0 mg/L. After 30 days culture, the root number was 22.03, the root length was 15.13 cm and the fresh weight was 0.6015 g/plantlet. The treatment of exogenous IAA (1.0 mg/L) and 30 days culture was the best for promoting the rooting and growth of lycium plantlets.

  Effects of Combination of Orange and Blue LED on Photosynthetic Characteristics andFluorescence Parameter of Paris polyphylla var. yunannensis Huang Xi,Liang Shewang,Cai Huming,Zhou Wen and He Zhongjun 2016, 32 (22):  98-103.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16050078 Abstract + ( 946 )   PDF ( 578KB )   ( 592 ) In order to study the effect of different ratios of orange and blue LED light on photobiological characteristics of Paris polyphylla var. yunannensis, and provide a theoretical basis for the LED light used in the production of P. polyphylla var. yunannensis, 3-year-old seedlings of P. polyphylla var. yunannensis were selected as materials. Four light quality treatments were set by orange 620 nm and blue 460 nm LED light as O:B=2:1, O:B=4:1, O:B=6:1, and O:B=8:1, the influences on biological fresh weight, photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were studied. The results showed that the combination of O:B=4:1 was most beneficial to the synthesis of photosynthetic pigments, with the highest efficiency of passing luminous energy, while the set of O:B=8:1 had the lowest one. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate were the highest under the combination of O:B=4:1, while O:B=2:1 ranked the lowest. Besides, O:B=4:1 combination also owned the highest parameters in Fv/Fm, Fv''/Fm'', ΦPSⅡ, qP. As a conclusion, all photosynthesis and fluorescence parameters showed that O:B=4:1 combination was most advantageous to photosynthesis of Paris polyphylla var. yunannensis leaves.

  Effects of Triticum aestivum Intercropping in Orchards on Host Selection of Maladera orientalis Li Qingliang,Li Jie,Li Xiaming,Huang Junbao,Zhao Longlong,Pang Chuanming,Li Xiaoping and Wang Zheng 2016, 32 (22):  104-109.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030144 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 1732KB )   ( 365 ) M. orientalis is a polyphagous pest. It is an important pest in the fruit orchards where many highly toxic pesticides was prohibited. Because of the nocturnal biological characteristics, the M. orientalis could not be controlled by spray contact pesticide. To effectively control the M. orientalis and reduce spraying chemical pesticides, the effect of T. aestivum on host selection behavior of M. orientalis was studied in door and field experiment by using Malus pumila, Pyrus spp., Prunus persica, Prunus species, Crataegus pinnatifida and T. aestivum as the materials. The results showed that the selection rate of different kinds of fruit branches was all ≥90% the selection rate of T. aestivum was <10% when the M. orientalis made selection among different kinds of fruit branches and T. aestivum; the selection rate of the mixture of different kinds of fruit branches and T. aestivum was significantly lower than single kind of fruit branches. When T. aestivum existed both in the two arms of the H shaped olfactometer, the selection behavior of M. orientalis was disturbed, there was no significant difference of the selection rate between the two arms and the highest no selection rate was 25%. In field experiments, the population of M. orientalis in Prunus species orchard, Pyrus spp. and Malus pumila orchards with intercropping nothing were 18.4, 17.6 and 18.9 per plant, the population of M. orientalis decreased significantly under wheat intercropping in orchard. When the distance of pear to wheat was 0.5 m and 2 m, the percent of injury Pyrus spp. leaves were 8% and 9%, respectively, there was no significant difference (P>0.05); when the distance was 6 m, the percent of injury Pyrus spp. leaves increased to 35%, which was significantly higher than the 0.5 m (P<0.05); when the distance was 8 m, the percent of injury Pyrus spp. leaves was 73%, which was 8 times higher than the 0.5 m (P<0.05). It was concluded that T. aestivum was not the host plant of M. orientalis, T. aestivum could disturb the locating host behavior of M. orientalis. There was an excellent avoidance control effect against M. orientalis in Prunus species orchard, Malus pumila and Pyrus spp. orchards intercropping T. aestivum. When the distance of Pyrus spp. to T. aestivum was no more than 2 m, the avoidance control effect against M. orientalis would be excellent.

  The New Technology of Apricot Frost Disaster Prevention Ding Gaixiu,Wang Baoming,Chen Yafang,Wang Baoguo,Qin Guojie,Wang Song,Cang Guoying,Niu Xingyan and Wen Pengfei 2016, 32 (22):  110-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030163 Abstract + ( 918 )   PDF ( 2562KB )   ( 459 ) Wide range late frost is a complex process, affected by strong cold air flow, intense radiation cooling and other factors, causing a lot of difficulties to prevent and control it. On the basis of traditional Chinese frost prevention technology (according to the weather forecast or experience of weather and fuel fumes), the authors invented an instrument that could forecast the temperature accurately (±0.1℃) and chemical fuel block that could arise temperature to prevent frost. The authors used Chinese utility model patent (ZL2006 2 0128137.6) portable automatic frost prevention alarming device for the field temperature monitoring and alarm, and Chinese invention patent (ZL2013 1 0003313.8) products (sawdust fuel block and briquette burning) to improve orchard temperature in the frost day. The results showed that: the operation of the alarming device probes was stable, and could measure the temperature of the apricot continuously and accurately. The composite fuel block would release a large amount of smoke and reduce visibility; 240 fuel points/hm2 could improve apricot orchard temperature by 1.53-2.15℃, and 375 fuel points/hm2 could improve apricot orchard temperature by 3.10-4.40℃, significantly reduced the freezing rate of the flower, and thus effectively prevented frost damage.

  Identification and Characterization of NRT3 Genes from Cucumber Sun Jianlei,Dong Yumei,Wang Chongqi,Xiao Shouhua,Wang Xiao,Li Libin and Jiao Zigao 2016, 32 (22):  117-121.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030225 Abstract + ( 902 )   PDF ( 3508KB )   ( 543 ) The aims were to explore the genetic evolution and function of cucumber NRT3 genes, and provide evidence for further studies on cucumber NRT3 gene. Two cucumber NRT3 genes were identified by bioinformatics method, and their genome distribution, gene structure, phylogeny, and cis-elements were systematically analyzed. The results showed that, two cucumber NRT3 genes were both located in chromosome 1, and they had one or two exons, they were orthologous to Arabidopsis NRT3.1 or NRT3.2 respectively. The putative NRT3 protein sequences of cucurbit crops were conserved extremely. And also they had several putative cis-elements responsive to plant hormones and environmental stresses. The cis-elements of cucumber and melon orthologous NRT3 genes had great difference. This study provided a clue for investigating the function and evolution of the cucumber NRT3 genes.

  Two MADS-box Genes Expression Analysis in Male and Female Floral Development of Vitis amurensis Rupr. Sha Yufen,Zheng Qiuling,Zhang Chaojie,Fan Shuting and Tang Meiling 2016, 32 (22):  122-126.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040094 Abstract + ( 615 )   PDF ( 2195KB )   ( 311 ) The paper aims to investigate the role of two MADS-box genes in controlling sex differentiation of Vitis amurensis Rupr.. Real-time PCR was performed to observe the expression profiling of VvMADS5 and VvMADS8 in male and female floral development of Vitis amurensis Rupr. The results indicated that: the two genes were expressed not only in the male floral but also in the female floral; the expression pattern and expression value in the male floral were almost the same as that in the female floral; the expression pattern of VvMADS5 between male and the female was the same, but the expression value in the female was significantly higher than that in the male floral; the expression of VvMADS8 appeared one peak value at bud intumescence stage (April 30), while the highest expression quantity of VvMADS5 appeared at inflorescence show stage (May 14). VvMADS5 and VvMADS8 participated in sex differentiation of Vitis amurensis Rupr., but were not the key genes of controlling sex differentiation.

  Construction of RNAi Expression Vectors Respectively Resistant to CMV and LMoV Feng Yayan,Feng Huiying,Xu Leifeng,Yang Panpan,Li Yanan,Yuan Suxia and Ming Jun 2016, 32 (22):  127-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010070 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 1737KB )   ( 415 ) In order to obtain the efficient expression vectors for new lily antiviral germplasm, CMV 2b gene 271 bp and LMoV cp gene 428 bp fragments were chosen as the target sequence to construct the vectors by homologous sequence. The required virus was confirmed by RT-PCR method from infected leaves. And then PCR method was used to obtain the cDNA from the total RNA. Using the cDNA as template, the target fragments were obtained under specific primers with different restriction enzyme cutting sites. The two fragments were inserted into both sides of intron of pFGC5941 in forwards and reverse after recombinant clone. The RNAi vector was introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105. Restriction enzyme digestion showed that the RNAi vectors were constructed successfully. The results of PCR confirmed that both of the two vectors pFGC5941-C2 and pFGC5941-L2 were introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105. The results of PCR and sequencing showed that the constructed vectors and the engineering bacteria were completely consistent with the expected, the RNAi vectors were constructed successfully, which could be applied in transgenic breeding engineering for lily viral resistance.

  Diversity Analysis of Main Biochemical Components of Wild Ancient Tea Tree Resources Yang Xingrong,Yi Bing,Li Youyong,Duan Zhifen,Yang Yijian,Shang Weiqiong,Yang Shengmei,Jiang Huibing,Li Hui,Sun Xuemei and Liu Benying 2016, 32 (22):  133-139.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120079 Abstract + ( 1404 )   PDF ( 544KB )   ( 672 ) Wild ancient tea trees have abundant genetic diversity, and they are the primary tea tree germplasm resource with high conservation and research value. In this study, 23 accessions of wild ancient tea tree resources were selected as test materials, and summer new shoots with one bud and two leaves were picked to make steamed samples, and then, the authors analyzed the diversity of biochemical components including water extract, tea polyphenols, total free amino acid, caffeine, various catechins composition and so on. The results showed that water extract was between the range of 43.65% to 51.19%, and there were 21 accessions of resources that contained high water extract (>45.00%). The tea polyphenols content was between the range of 12.02% to 38.60%, and there were 16 accessions with high tea polyphenols (>25.00%) materials. The variation of amino acids was between the range of 1.46% to 3.41%, the caffeine was between the range of 2.17% to 4.91%, the total catechins was between the range of 15.52% to 25.89%, the non-esters catechins was between the range of 5.09% to 9.84%, the esters-catechins was between the range of 5.02% to 16.57%, and the EGCG variation was between the range of 2.87% to 10.01%, with 4 high EGCG (>8.00%) accessions of resources. Except the tea polyphenols and the amino acid, the phenol ammonia could also be used as a biochemical index of tea varieties’ processing suitability. In the primary selection, 5 accessions of resources were optimum to make green tea, 11 were optimum to make black and green tea, and 7 were optimum to make black tea. The 23 accessions of the tested wild ancient tea tree resources contained abundant biochemical components, and could be used as important resources for a further in-depth study, as well as for a targeted development of tea variety cultivation.

  Response of Litter Decomposition in Different Ecosystem Types to Nitrogen Deposition: A Review Dong Xiongde,Xing Yajuan,Yan Guoyong and Wang Qinggui 2016, 32 (22):  140-150.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010004 Abstract + ( 1040 )   PDF ( 663KB )   ( 672 ) This review aims to summarize the response of litter decomposition in different ecosystem types to nitrogen deposition, in order to improve the interaction mechanism of litter decomposition and nitrogen deposition. Nitrogen is the main component of protein, plays a key role in nitrogen balance in animal body, greatly affects the growth of plant leaf and fruit, and acts as the most closely related nutrient element with the yield. But in recent decades, due to the increasing discharge of nitrogen compounds into the atmosphere such as emission of industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, studies have shown that atmospheric nitrogen deposition directly or indirectly influences the growth of plants, animals and microorganisms in different ecosystems, and through its effect on microbial physiological and biochemical process, changes the litter decomposition rate, in turn, affects the nutrient cycle and energy flow process of the ecosystem. From 1970s-1990s, there were many research literatures about nitrogen deposition, scholars at home and abroad made comments on the influence of nitrogen deposition on litter, but mostly based on one terrestrial ecosystem type or litter degradation process, production distribution, evaluation of the influencing factors and so on. However, the influence of nitrogen deposition on the litter decomposition in different ecosystem types was rarely reported. Thus, the authors summarized the influence of nitrogen deposition on the litter decomposition in different terrestrial ecosystem types (forest, grassland, desert, city and farmland), to provide certain references for further study on the response of litter decomposition process in different ecosystem types to nitrogen deposition.

  Effect of Vegetable Planting Patterns on Soil Properties and Vegetable Continuous Cropping Obstacles in Coastal Area Huang Xincan and Zhang Mingkui 2016, 32 (22):  151-157.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120035 Abstract + ( 1817 )   PDF ( 595KB )   ( 473 ) To understand the effects of vegetable planting patterns on soil properties and vegetable continuous cropping, vegetable lands with five planting patterns (rice vegetables continuous cropping, open vegetables- rice rotation, open vegetables, winter greenhouse vegetables summer open vegetables and perennial greenhouse vegetables) and two vegetable planting years (5-10 year and 10-20 year) were selected for studying variations of soil quality and vegetable continuous cropping obstacles in vegetable lands with varying cultivation years and the planting patterns. Agricultural lands with long-term cultivated rice and other grain crops were also selected for comparison. The results showed that plantation of vegetables increased soil bulk density. As compared with the agricultural lands with long-term cultivated rice, three planting patterns such as open vegetables, open vegetables- rice rotation, and rice vegetables continuous cropping were favorable to the improvement of soil structure. But the long-term cultivation of greenhouse vegetables could lead to the deterioration of soil structure. After planting vegetables, soil acidity increased, organic carbon decreased, and phosphorus, nitrogen, available potassium and salt increased significantly. The effect was more obvious in greenhouse vegetable field than that in open vegetable field. The accumulation of soil phosphorus, nitrogen and available potassium and soil acidification, and activities of soil catalase, phosphatase, urease and dehydrogenase increased with the increasing planting years. The main types of continuous cropping obstacles of vegetable field in the study area were disease, underground insect pest and deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties. The occurrence proportion of continuous cropping obstacle of vegetable increased with increasing planting years, and increased in the sequence of rice vegetables continuous cropping< open vegetables- rice rotation< open vegetables< winter greenhouse vegetables summer open vegetables< perennial greenhouse vegetables. It was concluded that the rotation of vegetable and rice could reduce the occurrence of the vegetable continuous cropping obstacle.

  Panax notoginseng Planting by Burning Continuous Cropping Soil of Panax notoginseng Gu Jin,Wu Mei,Li Wenchun,Liu Yingpin,Ouyan Yulin and Li Weijiao 2016, 32 (22):  158-163.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030102 Abstract + ( 1212 )   PDF ( 746KB )   ( 540 ) The original production area of Panax notoginseng is Wenshan County Yunnan Province. Panax notoginseng is a typical perennial root plant, and continuous cropping obstacle is serious. To solve the contradiction between supply and demand of Panax notoginseng, we burned continuous cropping soil of Panax notoginseng to planting Panax notoginseng. The effects of the burned soil on yield, quality, harmful microorganisms in soil and autotoxicity were studied. The results showed that: (1) in the burned soil, the contents of available P, available K, available Mg, available Fe, and available Mn were higher, and the other nutrient elements were superior to those of the other two kinds of soil; compared with that of the other two kinds of soil, heavy metal contents in the burned soil were low; (2) in the survey of Panax notoginseng root rot, the incidence in the burned soil was 0% in the second year, and 2.1% in the third years, much lower than those of the other two kinds of soil; (3) the burned soil could improve the yield and total saponins content of Panax notoginseng. Therefore, the burned soil could control plant diseases and insect pests, increase soil fertility, reduce the heavy metal content, and decrease the allelochemicals of continuous cropping.

  Comparison of Physiochemical Properties of Pine Needles and Coconut Coir Wang Fei,Luo Xuegang and Zhao Jian 2016, 32 (22):  164-169.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040143 Abstract + ( 1917 )   PDF ( 1230KB )   ( 667 ) In order to explore pine needles as a high value-added material for grow bags, the physicochemical properties of pine needles and coconut coir were determined and analyzed. The results showed that the total porosity of pine needles was 88.64%, water holding capacity was 293%, pH value was 6.12, the electrical conductivity was 1.10 mS/cm, indicating that both factors were within excellent soilless cultivation substrate scope. Electronic conductivity value of pine needles was 59.8 cmol/kg, slightly less than that of coconut coir (67.1 cmol/kg). Content of mineral elements of pine needles were richer than that of coconut coir, it could provide nutrients for the plants to a certain extent. The acid, alkaline and saline buffering capacity of pine needles were 0.0689, 0.1033 and 0.1202 mol/kg, respectively, and those of the coconut coir were 0.0567, 0.0842 and 0.1394 mol/kg, respectively, they had similar buffering capacity. This study provided not only a reference for soilless cultivation and planting application of grow bags, but also a new way for using pine needle as renewable forest resource.

  Effects of Meteorological Conditions on Blueberry Quality Mo Jianguo,Yu Fei,Zhang Shuai and Gu Xiaoping 2016, 32 (22):  170-175.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010042 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 2070KB )   ( 518 ) The paper aims to study the effect of meteorological condition in different growth stages of blueberry on the quality formation, and provide reference for improving scientific introduction and planting management. With the blueberry quality data from 14 planting sites of different altitudes and different slopes in 2012 and 2013, the effects of meteorological elements on blueberry quality were analyzed by using correlation analysis method. The results showed that: heat condition was the most important factor of blueberry quality. The heat condition from budding to full productive stage directly affected the accumulation of fruit sugar and had large effect on blueberry taste. Temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours had relatively great influence on blueberry fruit quality from early fruiting to full productive stage. Low temperature in the flowering stage and too much rain in the maturity stage were main unfavorable meteorological factors that affected the quality of blueberry planting in Guizhou.

  Heavy Rainfall Caused by Typhoon 1211 (Haikui) in Huangshan and Saddle Type Geopotential Height Fields Wu Youxun,Chen Xiaohong,Zhang Conggui and Wu Yongze 2016, 32 (22):  176-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010101 Abstract + ( 1103 )   PDF ( 6245KB )   ( 428 ) The paper aims to improve the forecasting ability of typhoon and rainstorm weather, and serve the tourism industry in Huangshan. Based on the NCEP FNL global analysis data, the typhoon path data and the meteorological observation data in Huangshan of Anhui Province, the authors did weather process analysis of the heavy rainfall in Huangshan caused by typhoon 1211 (Haikui) during August 8-11, 2012. The main results were as follows: warm moist air was forced uplift in the windward slope of Huangshan. The typhoon “Haikui” was stagnant in the 850 hPa saddle type geopotential height fields. Therefore, a continuous heavy rainfall happened. The subtropical upper-level westerly jet was located in the stations for a long period, and produced a strong ascending motion which was the dynamic mechanism of the occurrence and development of heavy rainfall. The continued low-level easterly airstream from the sea was the conveyor belt of heat, moisture and power, which were added to the typhoon circulation and formed an important condition for the occurrence and maintenance of the heavy rainfall. The pseudo-equivalent potential temperature of low altitude was decreased with the height, therefore, the potential convective instability existed.

  Characteristic Aroma Components in Flue-cured Tobacco from Different Areas Su Yangmeng,Yang Jiamei,Wang Yuping,Chen Yi,Lu Zhiwei and Yang Hongqi 2016, 32 (22):  183-188.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120114 Abstract + ( 695 )   PDF ( 495KB )   ( 408 ) To investigate the content variance of characteristic aroma components in flue-cured tobacco from different areas, six kinds of aroma components of flue-cured tobacco samples from 8 tobacco production areas of China were analyzed with GC/MS method and the determined data were adopted in variance analysis. The results showed that: (1) the contents of neutral aroma components of flue-cured tobacco differed to a certain extent among different production areas, the contents of characteristic aroma components of flue-cured tobacco showed no obvious convergence among the production areas of the same flavor type tobacco, but there were still rules to follow; (2) the contents of surface secretion degradation products, alcohol aroma substances, as well as other aroma substances in the leaves from fresh flavor style tobacco production areas were higher than that in the leaves from full and medium flavor style tobacco production areas; (3) Weining, a typical fresh flavor style tobacco production area, had the highest contents of surface secretion degradation products and alcohol aroma substances; moreover, Weining had three maximum content values in these six kinds of aroma components, which made it the top one among these 8 production areas.

  Aroma Improvement by Utilizing Wild Fragaria Germplasm Wang Jianhui,Li Hongwen and Liu Jianjun 2016, 32 (22):  189-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120085 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 1427KB )   ( 474 ) Because of poor disease resistance and fruit aroma of Fragaria×ananassa with narrow genetic background, the promising cultivars are difficult to select. Utilizing interspecies crossing with wild germplasm can be a breakthrough in the breeding program. Fragaria nilgrrensis is widely distributed in southwest China, covering northwestern regions of Yunan, and southern regions, eastern regions, middle regions and northeastern regions of Sichuan. Fragaria nilgrrensis has genetic diversity and can produce different aroma profiles in different environments. The unique peach flavor produced from Fragaria nilgrrensis might be influenced by volatility esters, alcohol and terpene. In this review, the aroma compound, which is related to ester synthase, terpene synthase and terpene biosynthesis pathway in different plants, are discussed. The results indicate that the ester and terpene biosynthesis are complex and play an important role in the aroma formation in plants. Therefore, utilizing interspecies crossing with Fragaria nilgrrensis can improve fruit flavors.

  Advances in Quality Components and Process of Dark Tea Wang Yincheng,Yuan Haibo and Jiang Yongwen 2016, 32 (22):  194-199.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120122 Abstract + ( 1327 )   PDF ( 579KB )   ( 870 ) The dark tea, as one of China’s six major kinds of tea, has been very popular in recent years for its health function as well as its suitability for being stored easily and being brewed many times, and its microorganism of pile, the pile fermentation process, health function and so on have been extensively studied. The dark tea is a post-fermented tea, its biochemical compositions produce a series of chemical reactions and form the unique flavor that is different from other kinds of tea under the piling. As the key process, the essence of the piling is the automatic polyphenols oxidation with microbial activity and the interaction of heat and humidity, microbes and extracellular enzyme. The related research about dark tea quality components, pile technology of pretreating, microbiological and biochemical composition changes, pretreating matching technology and deep processing are reviewed in this article for a further study on dark tea. Besides, the authors make an outlook on future research directions of dark tea, including carrying out related internal research on microorganism, enzyme and quality components, revealing the tea flavor formation mechanism as well as mechanized, large-scale and clean dark tea processing.

  Suitability-for-Processing of Huangshanmaofeng Tea Yuan Zheng,Wang Yejun,Su Youjian,Zhang Yongli,Song Li and Sun Li 2016, 32 (22):  200-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120081 Abstract + ( 1002 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 379 ) The suitability for processing of ‘Huangshandayezhong’ from key producing districts (Fu’e, Tangli, Qiashe, and Fuxi), and the new strains bred from ‘Huangshandayezhong’, including ‘Caoxiyihao’, ‘Caoxi’erhao’, ‘Caoxisanhao’ and ‘Caoxisihao’, were analyzed by sensory evaluation and bio-chemical analysis, to promote the planning of the producing area of Huangshanmaofeng Tea and improve tea quality. The results were as follows: (1) ‘Huangshandayezhong’ in Fu’e had the best suitability for processing; among the new strains, ‘Caoxisanhao’ had the best suitability for processing, followed by ‘Caoxisihao’; ‘Huangshandayezhong’ in Fu’e was better than ‘Caoxisanhao’ and ‘Caoxisihao’ in appearance; (2)Pearson’s r between the content of caffeine, aqueous extract, tea polyphenols and sensory scores was below zero, respectively, Pearson’s r between the content of free amino acid, soluble saccharide and scores of taste was above zero, respectively.