Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.21 Published:15 July 2016

  Effects of Slowed Controlled-release Fertilizers on indica-japonica hybrid rice yield, quality and economic benefits 2016, 32 (21):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020052 Abstract + ( 1106 )   PDF ( 472KB )   ( 430 ) Abstract: [Objective] In order to explore the application effect of slowed controlled-release fertilizers on indica-japonicabrid rice productivity, [Method] a field experiment was conducted to investigate the responses to different application rate of controlled release fertilizers and regular fertilizer to rice grain yield, quality and economic benefits of Yongyou 12. Five fertilizer treatments were compared, including control (CK), regular fertilizer (RF), 100% slowed controlled-release fertilizers (100% CRF), 80% slowed controlled-release fertilizers (80% CRF) and 60% slowed controlled-release fertilizers (60% CRF). [Result] The research achievement shows overall, 100% CRF had the highest improvement on rice grain yield, economic indicator, rice quality and economic benefits, which can increase the head rice rate and alkali spreading value, but decrease the chalky rice rate and crude protein content. 80% CRF had the similar effect on rice as RF, but 60% CRF had a lower improvement on rice grain yield, plant height, effective panicles and economic benefits compared with RF. [Conclusion] The results indicate that nitrogen is the most important element which controls the rice grain yield and quality, thus nitrogen application rate should be firstly considered when the slowed controlled-release fertilizers is developed and generalized.

  Effect of Different Media on Rice Seedling Growth 赵爽,刘克锋 and 高程达 2016, 32 (21):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120113 Abstract + ( 1243 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 605 ) It is of great significance to cultivate good and strong rice seedlings using different proportions of media. The authors used four raw materials, vermiculite, perlite, peat and wormcast, and mixed them together according to different proportions for breeding rice seedling. First of all, the different physical and chemical properties of the growing media were analyzed, then their effects on rice seedling growth were compared, finally the best ratio was determined. The results showed that the mixed growing media of domestic peat: sand =2:1 and wormcast: domestic peat: sand =2:1:1 were suitable for the growth of rice seedling. Comprehensive comparison found that weak acid environment was favorable to rice growth, and the rice seedlings grew well in domestic peat. Wormcast could effectively increase the nutrient content, but too much of it would increase the pH value of the growing medium, which was adverse to rice growth. The control of the wormcast amount could replace part of peat to meet the requirement of rice growth.

  Optimal Late Rice Variety Screening Under Normal and Delayed Harvest of 2016, 32 (21):  11-17.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090117 Abstract + ( 1209 )   PDF ( 503KB )   ( 497 ) In order to screen out optimal varieties which adapt to different harvest time of flue-cured tobacco in tobacco-rice rotation region of Changsha, variety comparative experiments were conducted with 15 late rice varieties as materials under two simulated harvest time of flue-cured tobacco, normal harvest and delay harvest. The results showed that: (1) Looked from whole duration, all varieties adapted to be planted as late rice after tobacco under sown on 18th June, while only Xiangfengyou 103, Longxiangyou 130, Shenyou 9520, Xiangfengyou No.9, Jinyou 284, Fengyuanyou 299 and Fengyuanyou 272 could mature normally under sown on 28th June. (2) Looked from yield, under sown on 18th June, yield of Liangyou 527, Fengyuanyou 272 and Longxiangou 130 could reach to about 8000 kg/hm2, which were the first choice of late rice variety after tobacco for tobacco-rice rotation region under normal harvest of tobacco leaves. Under sown on 28th June, Fengyuanyou 272, Xiangfengyou 103, Shenyou 9520 and Xiangfengyou No.9 were ideal choices, whose yield was above 7600 kg/hm2. (3) Relational analysis showed that very significantly positive correlation existed between yield and grain number per panicle, and positive correlation existed between yield and harvest index. So choosing late rice varieties with bigger panicle type and higher harvest index was easy to gain high yield. The results provide the guidance for late rice variety screening in Changsha tobacco area.

  Effects of Electron Irradiation on Agronomic Traits and Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Rice 2016, 32 (21):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120175 Abstract + ( 874 )   PDF ( 523KB )   ( 341 ) The effects of low dose electron irradiation on rice growth and its related physiological mechanism were studied in this paper. Five doses (0-50 Gy) were used to irradiate the rice seeds, and the rice seedlings were cultivated in soil and nutrient solution respectively. The emergence rate and related agronomic traits and physiological indexes of rice were studied at tillering stage. The results showed that low dose irradiations (＜10 Gy) had no significantly negative effect on rice seedling emergence while high dose irradiations (30 Gy and 50 Gy) had obviously inhibitory effects. The half-lethal dose of electron irradiation in soil culture was about 50 Gy. 6 Gy irradiation had promoting effects on rice plant height and malondialdehyde content. Rice seedlings’chlorophyll, soluble sugar, and soluble protein content were increased under 6-30 Gy irradiation in soil culture. There were significant differences among different irradiation doses. The physiological indexes of rice cultivated in soil and nutrient solution were different, and the rice plants grew well in nutrient solution. We deduced that the radiation effects were alleviated to some extent when rice seedlings were cultivated in nutrient solution.

  Agronomic Characters Analysis: Combination of Rice‘R900’and Sterile Lines‘Ming S’ 2016, 32 (21):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040133 Abstract + ( 1245 )   PDF ( 580KB )   ( 1102 ) The purposes of this study were to examine growth period, plant height, effective panicles and yield performance of the offspring of sterile line‘Ming S’and restorer lines, and provide the basis for‘Ming S’ preparation with other high-yielding combinations. Using eight sterile lines including‘Ming S’with close growth period making sets with the same R- line‘R900’, the seeds of F1 were sowed. Under the same cultivation condition of water and fertilization, the growth period, plant height, effective panicle traits and yield performance of eight combinations were recorded. Results showed that the duration of Ming S/R900 was 84 d, and it had the longest growth period, 148d. The plant type of Ming S/R900 was relatively short, which was 117 cm, and its yield was 12.9 t/hm2, increased by 1.26 t/hm2 compared with that of‘Shuang Liangyou 1000’. Ming S/R900 also had strong tillering ability, the number of effective panicles was 15.3 per plant and 2.5245 million per hectare, 54.3% more than that of Long 638 S/R900. The seed setting rate was 93.91%, the number of solid grain of Ming S/R900 was 211.96 per panicle, and it also had resistance to the purple sheath disease. The characteristics of Ming S/R900 showed that it had high seed setting rate, and good combining ability.

  Effects of sowing time, seeding rate and Fertilizer rate on “Yunhan 618” grain yield and yield components 2016, 32 (21):  28-31.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040017 Abstract + ( 826 )   PDF ( 468KB )   ( 410 ) To provide scientific basis for wheat cultivation and promotion, the effects of different sowing time, seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer rate on‘Yunhan 618’grain yield and quality were studied under field condition by the method of orthogonal design. The results showed that sowing time and seeding rate had significant effects on the yield of‘Yunhan 618’, but it had little effect on quality. Protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value increased obviously with the increase of fertilizer rate, but the change of gluten index was not significant. Comprehensive analysis showed that under the experimental condition, strong gluten wheat‘Yunhan 618’could achieve a higher level of production and good quality when the sowing time was October 8, seeding rate was 300×104 plants/hm2 and fertilizer rate was 262.5 kg/hm2.

  Optimum Sowing Date, Planting Density and Row Spacing of Winter Wheat in Low Plain Around Bohai Under Limited Irrigation 2016, 32 (21):  32-37.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110137 Abstract + ( 867 )   PDF ( 606KB )   ( 591 ) The article aims to explore the optimum combination of sowing date, planting density and best spatial distribution under the limited irrigation for winter wheat in low plain around Bohai.‘Cangmai6005’ was used as material, a split plot design was conducted with 5 sowing dates (A1-A5) as main treatment and 4 planting densities (B1-B4) as secondary treatment. The group composition, dry matter accumulation, leaf area index (LAI) and yield of‘Cangmai 6005’were studied. The results showed that the population quantity and yield decreased with the delay of sowing date. Under suitable sowing time, the population quantity and yield increased first and then decreased with improved sowing density. Increasing sowing density in late sowing time could increase the yield. Suitable sowing time was helpful to increase the LAI and dry matter accumulation of population. Proper late sowing could reduce the invalid tillers and invalid leaf area to raise the spike rate. Different row spacing had an obvious influence on wheat yield. The best row spacing was 20 cm. It is suggested that the sowing date from October 3rd to 13th and the sowing density from 3.75 million/hm2 to 4.5 million/hm2 are suitable for‘Cangmai6005’in low plain around Bohai.

  Analysis of High-yield, Stability and Adaptation of New Wheat Variety‘Shimai22’ 2016, 32 (21):  38-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120028 Abstract + ( 1267 )   PDF ( 472KB )   ( 617 ) In order to understand the production and breeding value of‘Shimai22’, the yield, quality and resistance characteristics of wheat variety‘Shimai 22’were analyzed by variance analysis, based on the data of the national trial in the north region of Huang-Huai plain in 2009 and 2010, and the national winter wheat production test of irrigated land in the north region of Huang-Huai plain in 2010. The results showed that the yield of‘Shimai 22’increased by 7.63% compared with that of‘Shi4185’in the 2009 national regional trial, increased by 4.81% compared with that of‘Liangxing 99’in 2010, and increased by 5.82% compared with that of‘Shi4185’in the 2010 production test. The results indicated that‘Shimai22’had high and stable yield and adaptability, and was suitable for large area production in the north region of the Huang-Huai plain.

  Effects of Different Low Temperature Treatments on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Traits of Wheat 任德超,胡 新,陈丹丹,张建涛,倪永静,刘红杰,黄绍华 and 李国强 2016, 32 (21):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020066 Abstract + ( 1658 )   PDF ( 770KB )   ( 390 ) In order to study the changes of photosynthetic characteristics and yield traits after experiencing low-temperature freezing injury, an experiment with Zhoumai 22 as research object was carried in Shangqiu of Henan province. It was designed for two growth stages (the early jointing stage and late jointing stage) and set five temperature levels seperately (-1℃、-3℃、-5℃、-7℃、-9℃) in artificial intelligence frost box. The photosynthetic characteristic and chlorophyll SPAD value, were measured after 4 hours’ treatment under low temperature, and the changes of wheat plant character was measured after harvest. The result showed that at the early jointing stage and late jointing stage, and with decreasing of temperature, the photosynthetic rate of wheat A, inter-cell CO2 density Ci, leaf transpiration rate E and stomatal conductance GH2O reduced gradually. But under -7℃ treatment they were significantly lower than CK when temperature decreasing at the early jointing stage. While the A, Ci, E and GH2O value under -5℃ treatment were significantly lower than CK when temperature decreasing at the late jointing stage, then returned to normal after 3 days under different temperature levels. When temperature decreased below -9℃ at the early jointing stage, SPAD values were significantly reduced, but at the late jointing stage SPAD values were significantly reduced when temperature decreased below -5℃. When low temperature was delayed, small tillers spike height and spike length were shortened, and grain number and 1000-grain weight were decreased, but plant height and spike number per plant increased. With temperature decreasing, small tiller spike height, plant height and grain number per spike significantly decreased. The biological yield and grain yield of wheat significantly decreased after low-temperature freezing injury occurred.

  Identification of Heat Resistance Traits and Related QTL in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 郭秀林 2016, 32 (21):  51-57.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020050 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 1170KB )   ( 1141 ) Wheat is one of the most widely grown cereals globally. High temperature has reduced the yield and quality in wheat during the flowering and filling stage. Identification and screening heat-tolerant varieties of wheat and performing molecular breeding for heat tolerance is the most effective way to resolve this issue. In this paper, we reviewed the progress on the identification indexes of heat tolerance and molecular makers linked to tolerance traits, and pointed out four chromosome regions associated with the heat tolerance in wheat, and discussed some issues relevant to this topic.

  Cluster Analysis of Main Agronomic Characters of Wheat Maintainer Line for K-type Cytoplasm Male Sterility (CMS) 程士刚,范海燕,范可章,卢良峰 and 汪海云 2016, 32 (21):  58-61.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15090081 Abstract + ( 951 )   PDF ( 542KB )   ( 357 ) The objective was to analyze the genetic diversity of 21 maintainer line varieties for K- type cytoplasm male sterility (CMS) in wheat by investigating their agronomic characters. The plant height, panicle length, per panicle, panicle next section length, ear kernel weight, per panicle grains, per panicle grains weight and flag leaf length were obtained from field experiments in two years. The genetic distances of the 21 varieties were calculated, and the cluster analysis was carried out with unweighted pair- group method arithmetic averages (UPGMA). The results showed that the 21 varieties were classified into six groups. Group I consisted of‘dazuo1’,‘guoyu101’,‘pumai6311’,‘zhongyu1211’,‘jiaomai268’,‘changyu918’,‘fanmai526’; group Ⅱ consisted of‘jinke2’,‘annong12’; group Ⅲ consisted of‘jingke168’; group Ⅳ consisted of‘yannong27’, ‘nongke668’; group Ⅴ consisted of‘cunmai15’,‘shangmai1’,‘liaomai18’,‘tunmai127’,‘kelin04177’, ‘guangtai54’,‘zhengmai1290’,‘gengmai787’; group Ⅵ consisted of‘changmai9’. The results were consistent with the available pedigree data. Moreover, varieties with unknown pedigree were assigned to the established heterotic groups. The shape detection of maintainer line for K-CMS in wheat was a way to study the genetic difference among varieties, and it provided the basis for breeding“three lines”of wheat.

  Influence of Meteorological Factors’ Variation on Maize Yield Component During Maize’s Grain-Filling Period in East of Gansu 2016, 32 (21):  62-66.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010121 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 571KB )   ( 483 ) The aims are to understand the influence of meteorological factors variation on the growth of maize during grain-filling stage in East Gansu, and utilize climate resource rationally. The data collected in Xifeng Agricultural Meteorological Experiment Station were used to analyze the influence of sunshine, heat, water on maize yield components in the early stage of grain-filling (from flowering to milk-ripe stage), late stage of grain-filling (from milk-ripe to maturity stage) and whole stage of grain-filling (from flowering to maturity stage) in this area by mathematical statistics method. The results showed that there was a high negative effect of mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunlight hours on the yield components at every period of grain-filling stage, while a positive effect of mean minimal temperature as well as ≥10℃ accumulated temperature on the yield components. The precipitation amount showed a strong positive correlation with hundred-grain weight of maize in the whole grain-filling stage, but a weak positive correlation with the plant- grain weight of maize in the early and late stage of grain- filling. Crop water consumption showed a positive effect on the maize yield components in the late stage of grain-filling. There was an annually decreasing tendency of the mean temperature, mean maximum temperature, diurnal temperature range and sunlight hours, while an annually increasing tendency of the mean minimal temperature, ≥10℃ accumulated temperature and precipitation amount. In conclusion, the heat and sunshine could meet the needs of maize growth during each grain-filling stage in East Gansu, water was the key element to limit maize yield. Climate change was conducive to maize grain filling and raising maize yield in East Gansu.

  Effects of Planting Density Sowing Date and fertilizer application dose on Grain-filling Characteristics of different highland barley Varieties in Tibet 2016, 32 (21):  67-74.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15080144 Abstract + ( 937 )   PDF ( 798KB )   ( 365 ) In order to offer evidence for high yield cultivation and selecting new varieties, different treatments of planting density sowing date and fertilizer application dose were selected to treated four main highland barley in Tibet, a field experiment was conducted to study the grain filling processes of different varieties. The results showed that, in different treatments of planting density sowing date and fertilizer application dose, the Grain-filling Characteristics of different highland barley Varieties exhibits a similarity, and the size of average filling rate to four highland barley were respectively 'Zangqing2000'＞'Zangqing320'＞'Ximalaya22'＞'Zangqing13'. The effects of planting density sowing date and fertilizer application dose to grain yield was in sequence of sowing date＞fertilizer application dose＞planting density. The dry weight of one hundred seeds at whole filling stage were all between 3.54 g and 6.71 g, the highest average dry weight of one hundred seeds was 'Zangqing2000' with T1 treatment (sowing date 20th April), reached to 5.8 g. The results of these studies indicated that sowing date is the most significant cultivation factor to grain-filling characteristics and production benefit of highland barley. So, early sowing at an appropriate time is the key factor for highland barley to obtain high yields.

  Establishment and Optimization of Callus Induction System from the Epicotyls Callus of Peanut 臧新 and 2016, 32 (21):  75-78.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010064 Abstract + ( 1293 )   PDF ( 950KB )   ( 946 ) The objectives were to screen the optimal medium for inducing the epicotyls callus of peanut, establish and optimize the callus-induction system of peanut epicotyls. Different types of peanut varieties were used in this experiment. The epicotyls were used as explants. The epicotyls were cultured on MS-B5 medium supplemented with 3-6 mg/L Pic and 5-10 mg/L 2, 4-D to induce callus. The induction differences of callus were compared with different preculture time, different genotypes, and different plant hormones concentrations, respectively. The results showed that Spanish type‘Baisha 1016’with preculture for 0 day had the biggest inductivity, the optimal medium was MS B5 Pic 3 mg/L, the subculture medium was MS Pic 3 mg/L Gln 1 g/L. This system is suitable for the induction of most peanut varieties and repetitive somatic embryogenesis can be obtained by repeated subculture.

  Evaluation of 17 Introduction Peanut Varieties in Xinjiang Based on Grey Relational Analysis 2016, 32 (21):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030184 Abstract + ( 1016 )   PDF ( 506KB )   ( 483 ) The aim was to provide basis for screening peanut varieties suitable for cultivation in Xinjiang. This study applied the grey system theory correlation degree analysis to analyze 11 agronomic traits of 17 peanut varieties, including biological yield per plant, height of main stem, total branching number, length of first branches, effective length of first branches, stem thickness, pod number, pod yield, 100-pod weight, 100-seed weight and pod number 500 g. Grey correlation from high to low was shown as follows‘0215A’＞‘Yu hua9327’＞‘HZ-224’＞‘Wei hua 8 ’＞‘Kai nong 37’＞‘Fu hua 11’＞‘Tian fu 9’＞‘Hai hua 1’＞‘Xin hui xiao li’＞‘Wei hua11 ’＞‘Bai sha1016’＞‘Ji hua 4’＞‘Kai nong hei ’＞‘Zhan hong 2’＞‘Wei hua 12’＞‘Yue you si li bai’＞‘Yuan za 9307’.‘0215A’,‘Yu hua 9327’,‘HZ-224’,‘Wei hua 8’and‘Kai nong 37’had excellent comprehensive traits, and were suitable for planting in Xinjiang.

  Combined Application of Zinc, Magnesium and Molybdenum Fertilizer: Its Effect on Potassium and Chlorine Content in Flue Cured Tobacco Under Orthogonal Test 周田 and 邓杰 2016, 32 (21):  85-89.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010108 Abstract + ( 954 )   PDF ( 499KB )   ( 590 ) To coordinate the nutrition of tobacco plant and optimize the formula of tobacco special fertilizer,In this paper, according to L9(34) method,zinc sulfate (0, 6, 12 kg/hm2 )、 magnesium sulfate( 0, 30, 60 kg/hm2 )and Mo fertilizer (0, 90, 180 g/hm2) are designed to produce fertilizer treatment table by using SPSS17.0 ,through field experiment,the primary and secondary factors of zinc、 magnesium and Molybdenum Fertilizer on the content of potassium and chlorine in flue-cured tobacco was studied,also the effect of fertilizer application rates on potassium and chlorine content in Flue-cured Tobacco and its inter subjectivity effect analysis.The results show:The effect of zinc sulfate on potassium content of flue-cured tobacco was higher than that of magnesium sulfate and molybdenum fertilizer,in terms of the potassium content of flue-cured tobacco, the best matching scheme was zinc sulfate (6 kg/hm2)、Molybdenum fertilizer(0g/hm2 )and Magnesium sulfate (60kg/hm2) ,and the effect of Molybdenum fertilizer on chlorine content of flue-cured tobacco was higher than that of zinc sulfate and magnesium sulfate.

  Regional Test of New Soybean Varieties in Fujian Province in 2015 2016, 32 (21):  90-94.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030165 Abstract + ( 858 )   PDF ( 480KB )   ( 484 ) The objective was to provide reference for the breeding and production of vegetable soybean in Fujian province.The performance and the yield difference of 9 tested varieties in 7 differently ecological regions of Fujian Province in 2015 were analyzed and the related problems were discussed. The results showed that vegetable soybean planted in spring in Fujian province had a better adaptability and an encouraging prospect for development; among nine tested varieties, days from seedling emergence to pod-picking were 79.4-88.4 d, fresh pod yield were 8268.45-9190.50 kg/hm2, standard pod yield were 5942.70-7498.80 kg/hm2, plant height were 23.79-46.89 cm, number of nodes on main stem were 7.0-9.7, effective branch number were 2.8-3.4, effective pods number were 19.0-24.4, pod weight were 48.22-61.00 g, fresh 100-seed weight were 73.39-89.86 g, standard pod length × width were 5.18-6.07 cm × 1.29-1.46 cm, standard pod number per kg were 280.8-373.7; According to approval standards of vegetable soybean new variety in Fujian Province, ‘Jiaoda 127’ and ‘Mindou No. 7’ were recommended to participate the second-year regional trial.

  Spatial Pattern Change of Crops with Similar Growth Cycle in China——A Case Study of Wheat and Rape 2016, 32 (21):  95-99.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040129 Abstract + ( 784 )   PDF ( 1577KB )   ( 422 ) Wheat and rape are the two important staple crops in China, their spatial pattern change draws wide attention. Area data of wheat and rape from 1980 to 2014 were used, provincial level administrative region was taken as the study unit, combined with the rivalrousness of similar growth cycle crops, the spatial pattern and its change of wheat and rape were studied by the method of Pearson correlation analysis and GIS spatial geometric center of gravity analysis. The results showed that: the change of spatial pattern of wheat in the past 30 years was not significant, but the provincial distribution was unbalanced, the distribution center of wheat was always located in Henan Province; the distribution center of rape was southward from Hubei since 1980, and it is now located in Hunan. Affected by the interspecific competition of crops with similar growth cycle, the area variation of rape and wheat in Shanxi, Qinghai, Hubei, Hunan and Sichuan showed a significant“growthdecline” relationship, which was significantly negative correlated with each other.

  Cloning and Expression Analysis of Boron influxTransporter NIP5;1 from Nicotiana tabacum 2016, 32 (21):  100-105.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030094 Abstract + ( 905 )   PDF ( 1361KB )   ( 646 ) To understand the mechanism of boron transportation in tobacco, the boron influx transporter gene was cloned in Nicotiana tabaccum, and its expression was analyzed. The open reading frame (ORF) of boron influx transporter was predicted by biology informatics methods, and cloned by PCR technique, verified by sequencing. Its structure was also predicted by biology informatics methods. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was used to monitor its expression levels in different tissues of tobacco with different treatments. Results showed that the complete ORF sequence of tobacco influx boron transporter, NtNIP5;1 was cloned. Its ORF contains 894 bp, encodes 297 amino acids and includes MIP protein signature sequence HLNPSLTIA. GenBank accession number is KF611892. Its protein consists of α-helix mainly in secondary structure, and was composed of five transmembrane domains. Results of RT-PCR showed that NtNIP5;1 were expressed in roots and leaves, and showed higher levels in leaves. Its expression was inhibited by 6-BA, SA and ABA.

  Bioinformatic Analysis of GRAS Transcription Factors in Tomato 2016, 32 (21):  106-116.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040091 Abstract + ( 1438 )   PDF ( 1905KB )   ( 997 ) The paper aims to know the structural feature and evolutional information of GRAS gene family in tomato, and provide theoretical basis for further study on GRAS transcription factors. GRAS DNA-binding domain (PF03514) was downloaded from Pfam protein database, and was employed to identify GRAS genes from tomato genome using HMMER 3.0. The obtained amino acid sequences were analyzed with the bioinformatics software, including MEGA 5.2, Weblogo 3, DNAMAN 5.0, Map Inspect and MEME. RT-PCR was used to detect GRAS genes expression in the tissue of roots, stems, leaves, flowers and fruit in tomato. All together 53 tomato GRAS transcription factors were identified and classified into 8 groups, including I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII. The phylogenetic tree of GRAS genes among tomato and Arabidopsis demonstrated that the group V and VI encompassed the largest number of GRAS genes, genes with similar function in Arabidopsis thaliana clustered together, so the tomato GRAS genes had similar function within the same group. Chromosome mapping analysis showed that tomato GRAS genes were distributed with different densities on 12 chromosomes. According to the result of the GRAS domain sequence analysis with WebLogo3.0, not all GRAS genes were highly conserved in tomato. Conserved motifs analysis indicated that the part of GRAS genes family was highly conserved. These results suggested that the most of GRAS genes were highly and structurally conserved, and might be involved in the regulation of growth and development processes in tomato.

  Ecological Function Regionalization of Middle Reaches Oasis of Shule River 柴薇薇 2016, 32 (21):  117-123.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020086 Abstract + ( 887 )   PDF ( 904KB )   ( 756 ) Ecological-function regionalization is the foundation of integrated management and protection of regional ecosystems, and it can provide the scientific basis for ecosystem restoration and coordination development of social economy. Based on the analysis of the main problems of ecological environment of the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe River Basin, the basis, principles and target of ecological function regionalization were determined. Using GIS and RS technology, analysis of quantitative and qualitative method, and computer graphics space iteration method, the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe River Basin were divided into 6 ecological function regions, including oasis agriculture ecological function region, Gobi desert ecological function region, wind-break and sand-fixing ecological function region, plain oasis plant ecological function region, saline controlling ecological function region and plain oasis wetland ecological function region, and 34 ecological function sub-regions. The characteristics of ecological service function, direction of ecological protection, ecological protection and restoration of ecological functions of each functional area were analyzed in the middle reaches oasis of Shulehe River Basin. The research results have certain reference function to advance smooth implementation for key management program of Dunhuang water resources reasonable utilization and ecological protection, and have important significance to advance ecological environment protection and restoration, integrated management and effective configuration of water resources and coordinated and sustainable development of regional industrial layouts and eco-economic system in arid inland oasis River Basin.

  Genetic Characteristics and Classification of Limestone Soil in South China 2016, 32 (21):  124-128.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120095 Abstract + ( 955 )   PDF ( 489KB )   ( 452 ) At present, it is in the transition period from soil genetic classification to taxonomy classification. Limestone soil, compared with other zonal soil, it is special, due to the characteristics of itself. So, it will be more complex when we carry out by soil properties in taxonomy classification. This paper analyzed on genetic characteristics of limestone in South of China, summarized its main diagnostic horizon and diagnostic characteristics. Then,several research priorities were proposed: First, realize the process of geologic evolution and ecological environment, it is necessarily to taxonomy classification of limestone soil in South of China. Of course, in the mean time, we should apply modern instrument for searching and testing. Finally, in Karst area, it is very common about commerce favored ideology. So, fine recognition is necessary in Anthrosols. All the above, it is useful and essential for sustainable utilization of limestone soil in Karst area in South of China.

  Soil Nutrient Loss Under Different Underlying Surfaces 2016, 32 (21):  129-133.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040078 Abstract + ( 856 )   PDF ( 497KB )   ( 717 ) Soil erosion is very serious in China, and the development of soil erosion will result in soil nutrient loss, poor soils, land productivity reduction and other issues. The main factors that affect soil erosion and soil nutrient loss include rainfall, underlying surface condition and human factor. By summarizing research about soil nutrient loss under different underlying surfaces, the effects of the underlying surface on soil nutrient loss were analyzed, including vegetation, slope, slope length, soil moisture, soil particles and other factors. The current various measures, being tested or used in practice, for reducing or improving soil nutrient loss were summed up to provide a reference for future research work.

  Effect of Plastic Film Mulch on Soil Nitrogen in the Pepper Field 2016, 32 (21):  134-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120042 Abstract + ( 794 )   PDF ( 743KB )   ( 440 ) Plastic film mulch has been widely used in agricultural production in southwest China, while there are only few studies about its effect on soil nutrients. In order to reveal the effect of plastic film mulching on soil nitrogen, a field experiment for exploring soil temperature and moisture, nitrogen and pepper yield under plastic film mulching was conducted in Beibei, Chongqing during May to September in 2014. The warming effect of plastic film mulching was obvious and increased with the depth of the soil layer, the average temperature of 10, 20 to 30 cm soil increased by 2.3, 2.8 and 2.0℃. But the impact on soil moisture was not obvious. In film mulching growing condition, the total nitrogen, available nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil reached 1.30 g/kg, 150.83 mg/kg, 112.25 mg/kg, 105.80 mg/kg, and increased by 7.44%, 32.84%, 88.72% and 73.90%, respectively. In addition, plastic film mulching could promote plant development and increase the yield of pepper, made the flowering and fruit bearing period 4 d in advance, and the fructescence 5d ahead of schedule, and increased the yield by 14.11%. Therefore, plastic film mulching has a positive role in improving soil temperature and moisture condition, enhancing soil nitrogen content and increasing crop yield.

  Feature Analysis of Atmospheric Return-Signal Power Spectrum with Wind Profile Radar 彭涛,纪奎秀,王杰,景号然 and 谢晓林 2016, 32 (21):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120129 Abstract + ( 723 )   PDF ( 891KB )   ( 390 ) Spectrum parameter of wind profile radar (WPR) is one of the important parameters to generate basic data products. Correctly estimation is the basis of WPR application. Based on the assumption that the clear air follows the gauss distribution, two criteria to obey Gaussian distribution are given to judge the return signal power spectrum of clear air. One is mean-square deviation, and the other is the relative area ratio. Using the two criteria, the paper statistically analyzed the case of WPR’s clear sky sounding data obeyed Gaussian distribution. Then analyzing the possible atmosphere return-signal with clutters and elimination method, and reaching the conclusion of clear air return signal power spectrum subject to Gaussian distribution, which provided a new method to fast estimate spectral parameters. That was power spectrum peak position corresponding to doppler frequency shift, and the relative location of the peak half-power point corresponding to spectrum width.

  Climate Productive Potential of Transplanting Maize in Fuyu of Heilongjiang 赵春亮,张福超 and 申广立 2016, 32 (21):  147-152.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010055 Abstract + ( 816 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 367 ) The paper aims to seek new maize planting patterns to bring climatic resource into a full play in Heilongjiang. Based on meteorological data (e.g. the temperature, precipitation and t radiation data) from June to September during maize growing season and the data of corresponding maize growth periods from 2005 to 2014 in Fuyu, Heilongjiang, the temperature, radiation and precipitation data were analyzed from seven leaves stage to jointing stage, jointing stage to tasseling stage, tasseling stage to milky maturity stage and milky maturity stage to maturity stage. The results showed that: the growth period of transplanting maize was 10 days more than that of direct seeding; all growth periods of maize were 10 days ahead of schedule; the utilization rate of heat, radiation, and precipitation increased by 21%, 23%, 27%, respectively; the production potential of light-temperature increased by 47%. The transplanting maize by tray made the light, heat and water resources reconfigure in each growth period. The climate productive potential was greatly improved.

  Impact of Environmental Changes on Climatic Data in Horgos in Xinjiang 2016, 32 (21):  153-160.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040071 Abstract + ( 863 )   PDF ( 1072KB )   ( 1648 ) The paper aims to facilitate for the users to grasp accurately the essence of the climate data information in Horgos, and then reveal the true characteristics and regularity of climate change. Select Huocheng and Yining county meteorological station as the reference station. The data collected at the old site of Horgos station from 1961 to 2014 was used to compare with the data collected during the same period at the reference stations, by used which we analyzed the integrity, regional consistency, and homogeneity of the meteorological data in Horgos. We found that there has a good integrity for the observation data in Horgos. However, there has a worse regional consistency for temperature, precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed, and all of them have some discontinuity points in the data. The analysis result of the same period comparison observation data shows that, there have a better consistency for relative humidity, precipitation and wind speed, and a worse consistency for temperature and wind direction. Significant test results showed that there has a significant difference for the annual and month wind speed, and it cannot be used continuously. The other 5 elements can be used continuously, because of which have been basically passed the significance test. Futher more, the wind speed need to be revised to continuous use in data service.

  Research Progress of Preservation Technology and Mechanism of Leaf Vegetables Under MAP 2016, 32 (21):  161-165.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120060 Abstract + ( 901 )   PDF ( 473KB )   ( 627 ) The situation of leaf vegetables preservation was introduced in this paper. Advantages of modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) on leaf vegetables were summed up for its low energy consumption, easy and safe operation, with a review of MAP application at home and abroad. The lack of preservation technology system for leaf vegetables and better- targeted- preservation packaging materials were pointed out. Preservation mechanism based on fre radical center effect of MAP on leaf vegetables was put forward, with the summary of the application of free radical theory of modified atmosphere packaging to fruit and root vegetables, and fruits vegetables. Future applications of transcription and proteomics in preservation mechanism study were discussed in the last.

  Influence of water and nitrogen management and planting density on seed maize under drip irrigation with mulch in an arid region of Northwest China 2016, 32 (21):  166-173.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120073 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 755KB )   ( 455 ) A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of lower irrigation limits (W), pure nitrogen application rates (N) and planting densities (D) on seed maize yield and the three factors optimum combination under mulch drip irrigation in Shiyanghe Experiment Station of China Agricultural University in Gansu Province which was located in an arid region of Northwest China. The field orthogonal experiment had three factors, each factor included three levels. Results showed that: (1) the interaction effects of the three factors on grain yield, grain number and 1000-grain weight were not obvious; (2) when the planting density was within 85500-120000 plants/hm2, the effect sequence of different factors on the yield and grain number of seed maize was: W＞D＞N (primary→secondary), and that on 1000- grain weight was D＞N＞W (primary→ secondary). The best combination was W2N2D2 for seed maize planting under drip irrigation with mulch when the wide row spacing was 70 cm and the narrow row spacing was 40 cm.

  Research Progress of the Relationship Between Mineral Nutrients Deficiency or Imbalance and Plant Disease 张正 2016, 32 (21):  174-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110139 Abstract + ( 767 )   PDF ( 446KB )   ( 1045 ) Research shows that lack or imbalance of mineral elements is not only the direct causes of plant physiological diseases, but also has a significant impact on the infectious diseases which caused by fungi, bacteria and other pathogens . In this paper, the relation between mineral nutrients and plant disease was summarized on the basis of reading a large number of domestic and foreign literature. Meanwhile, its problems and development in the future were also discussed.With the better understanding of the relationship between mineral nutrients and plant disease, it would provide us a good basis to utilize the fertilizers property, increase the plant resistance and decrease the occurrence of disease. In addition to chemical and biological control of disease, rational fertilization will increase the yield and quality of crops and decrease the environmental contamination in the meantime.

  Population Dynamics of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) in Millet Field 2016, 32 (21):  177-180.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120121 Abstract + ( 935 )   PDF ( 562KB )   ( 453 ) In order to determine the harm rules of Monolepta hieroglyphica (Motschulsky) in millet field, and provide scientific basis for forecasting and comprehensive treatment, the population dynamics, vertical distribution and worm rate of M. hieroglyphica were investigated in millet field in Changzhi, Shanxi in 2015 by the methods of net and observation. The results showed that Monolepta hieroglyphica began to endanger millet field at the beginning of July, and the population o Monolepta hieroglyphica increased dramatically during the late July to early August, and the population reached the maximum at the heading stage and flowering stage in the middle of August; with the finish of the flowering stage in late August, a large number of Monolepta hieroglyphica moved out of millet field. The results showed that there was a Monolepta hieroglyphica outbreak in millet field of Changzhi Shanxi in 2015, the main damaged part was icker. This study found that there was a positive correlation between worm rate and population quantity.

  Farmland Productivity Evaluation Based on GIS in Tuliemaodu Farm 2016, 32 (21):  181-184.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15060017 Abstract + ( 911 )   PDF ( 438KB )   ( 406 ) GIS technology was adopted and evaluation unit was divided after the superposition of present land use map and soil map in Tuliemaodu farm based on the data from farmland fertility survey analysis, the evaluation factors were determined, hierarchy model and membership function model were established by the method of analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy evaluation method, the weights of the evaluation factors were determined and the final fertility grade was achieved. The results showed that the overall farmland level was relatively good in Tuliemaodu farm, the farmland was divided into five levels, the first-class land area was 962.18 hm2, which occupied 7.65% of the total farmland area; the second-class land area was 3422.18 hm2, occupied 27.22%; the third-class land area was 3840.56 hm2, occupied 30.55%; the fourth-class land area was 2683.49 hm2, occupied 21.34%; the fifth-class land area was 1664.76 hm2, occupied 13.24%. Descriptive analysis was conducted according to the characteristics of different grades of farmland, the authors pointed out the main problems that existed in the research area and put forward some reasonable utilization and improvement suggestions.

  Design and Implementation of Arc Engine-based Agrometeorological Service System for tea production 金志凤,,,, and 2016, 32 (21):  185-193.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15100077 Abstract + ( 760 )   PDF ( 1589KB )   ( 551 ) For adapting to tea production development needs and promoting ability of weather service for agriculture, agrometeorological service system for tea production of Zhejiang was developed by C/S software architecture and Arc Engine-based platform, combining with tea meteorology theory, C# language, SQL Server database and network technique. Thus, the system was applied in Zhejiang province. It included 10 functional models, namely data management, micro-climate monitoring, disaster monitoring and early-warning, agriculture weather forecast, climate quality evaluation, climate suitability analysis, tea garden visualization monitoring, agricultural climate regionalization, production making and basic knowledge. Owing to the refine tea weather index, prediction or assessment model and GIS technique, it could predict daily in the next 1-8 days with spatial resolution of town unit or 5km×5km grid. What’s more, the system could operate dynamically in real-time by linking to the Zhejiang meteorological database. The refine and quantitative tea meteorological service was realized by its application not only in Zhejiang province, but also across main producing areas of cities and counties.

  Industrial Structure Prediction of the Three Provinces in Northeast China Based on Markov Model 刘文昌 and 张彩虹 2016, 32 (21):  194-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15020003 Abstract + ( 685 )   PDF ( 510KB )   ( 418 ) In order to plan the industrial structures in the three northeastern provinces, to increase the three northeast provinces regional economic industry's overall competitiveness, the industrial structures in the three northeastern provinces are studied by the author using Markov prediction method. And the interval adaptive genetic algorithm is employed to solve the Markov state transfer probability matrix. According to 2004-2014 statistical data of industrial structure, the first, second and third industrial structures in the three northeastern provinces are predicted. The average error is 2.92 percent. The industrial structures in the three northeastern provinces in 2015-2016 are predicted using this model, it provides a certain amount of theoretical basis for making corresponding local industrial structure policies in the three northeastern provinces.

  System Security of Chinese Corn Industry: Fuzzy Evaluation and Analysis Based on Entropy Weight Method 金鑫 and 2016, 32 (21):  199-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030101 Abstract + ( 752 )   PDF ( 610KB )   ( 370 ) In order to make a dynamic assessment and trend analysis of China's corn industry security, based on the historical data and predicted data from 1999 to 2017, a corn industry system security evaluation model was constructed by using entropy weight and fuzzy evaluation method to evaluate the security status. The results showed that corn industry security situation was not optimistic, corn industry security condition fluctuated from 2007 to 2017. Import of corn and its by- product was increasing substantially, import dependency was enhanced. The main factor influencing the security of corn industry was the strengthening of international capital control. Thus, the corn industry should cope with foreign capital entry actively, reduce the importing country dependence and strive to control the trade pricing power.