Current issue

• 2016 Vol.32 No.20 Published:15 July 2016

  Construction and Expression of Fusion Gene of Chicken MHCⅠ Dimers Dai Yin,Hu Xiaomiao,Zhao Ruihong,Hou Hongyan,Shen Xuehuai,Pan Xiaocheng,Zhou Xueli and Zhang Danjun 2016, 32 (20):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010120 Abstract + ( 1251 )   PDF ( 1387KB )   ( 501 ) To explore the mechanism of major histocompatibility complex classⅠ (MHCⅠ), improve the efficiency of antigen presentation, the dimers of chicken MHC molecules were obtained. The MHCⅠ α and β2m chain gene were linked by different length linkers with sequences encoding G4S, (G4S)2, (G4S)3 and (G4S)4. Then this fragments were inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector with green fluorescent protein, and the recombinant plasmids (pEGFP-MHCⅠβ2m-α) were constructed. The recombinant plasmids were transfected into eukaryotic cells. The gene products of recombinant plasmids were mainly located at endomembrane system of the eukaryotic cells under fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the positive reactions were observed by Western Blot, and all the proteins had a molecular weight of about 80.0 kD, in accordance with the target proteins, and the proteins had binding reaction with specific antibodies. The results showed that the recombinant plasmids with different length linkers could be expressed in eukaryotic cells with a good immunological activity.

  Research Progress of Silage Additive Zhao Shiping,Zhou Min and Jiang Linshu 2016, 32 (20):  6-10.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120078 Abstract + ( 1366 )   PDF ( 497KB )   ( 717 ) Silage additive is a kind of microbial additive designed for silage. Its main role is to purposefully regulate microflora in silage, adjust the fermentation process of silage, enhance the reproduction of lactic acid bacteria for producing lactic acid faster, and promote conversion between polysaccharide and crude fiber, thus effectively improve the quality of silage. Promotion type additive is a kind of silage additive that was widely researched and applied in recent years. Characteristics of Lactobacillus buchneri, lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, and previously fermented juice were reviewed and their effects on silage were summarized to explore more resources of the raw material of silage additive and improve its quality.

  Fish Stock Density and Diversity: Spatial and Temporal Distribution in the Outlet of Hangzhou Bay in Spring and Summer Wang Miao,Hong Bo and Sun Zhenzhong 2016, 32 (20):  11-16.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020072 Abstract + ( 768 )   PDF ( 2936KB )   ( 400 ) To study the spatial and temporal distribution of fish stock density and diversity in the outlet of Hangzhou Bay during different seasons, sweep area method, Shannon-wiener diversity index (H') and Spearman correlation analysis were applied to variety analysis of fish species and density. The results showed that 22 species including 12 species in spring and 20 species in summer were found in the outlet of Hangzhou Bay. There were significant differences of fish species between spring and summer (Q=5.333, P=0.021<0.05). Weight density and individual density of fishes were 17.80 kg/km2 and 2.32×103 ind./km2 in spring, respectively, and were 234.35 kg/km2 and 21.64×103 ind./km2 in summer, respectively. There were significant differences of fish density between spring and summer. The average weight H' and individual H' were 0.98±0.43 and 1.28±0.50 in spring, respectively, and were 1.17±0.45 and 1.16±0.38 in summer, respectively. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that individual H' was closely related to fish species (P=0.000<0.05, R=0.912) and individual density (P=0.011<0.05, R=0.758) in spring, while only fish species was closely related to weight H' (P=0.033<0.05, R=0.673) and individual H' (P=0.009<0.05, R=0.772) in summer. The research indicated that the spatial and temporal distribution of fish stock density was related to the migratory habit of marine fishes in the outlet of Hangzhou Bay during spring and summer, and the spatial distribution of fish stock diversity was probably influenced by the diluted water of the Yangtze River.

  Constructing Fishery Think Tank in China Yue Dongdong,Wang Lumin and Geng Rui 2016, 32 (20):  17-24.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020063 Abstract + ( 1277 )   PDF ( 2107KB )   ( 496 ) The resources and environment condition are the main constraints for fishery development in China. In order to achieve the sustainable development, adjusting the fishery economic structure and transforming the growth pattern becomes the only road. Meanwhile it is essential to fully use the function of fishery think tank. Thus the constitution of domestic fishery strategy consulting institution was analyzed in this paper. It mainly includes universities, research institutions, committees of experts and social organizations. Then the strategy consulting on marine fishery development conducted by the expert group in Chinese Academy of Engineering was analyzed. Fishery scientific committee of experts is an important consulting institution for decision making of the major fishing nations and regional fishery management organizations, so the consulting mechanism of the European Union Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) was analyzed. On the basis of the above researches, the necessity and enlightenment of the new fishery think tank construction in China were analyzed, and its organizational framework and operational mechanism were discussed, and finally some safeguard measures were suggested to support the effective operation of fishery think tank.

  Research Progress of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Plant Functional Genes Zhang Zhipeng,Wang Xiaoyue,Huang Shaoxiong and Zhang Zhao 2016, 32 (20):  25-29.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010151 Abstract + ( 1365 )   PDF ( 541KB )   ( 1140 ) Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection and excavation has been a research focus currently. This paper aims to explain the research ideas of the relationship between functional genes and quality of Chinese herbal medicines. It summarized the studies and application of SNP in secondary metabolism genes, resistance genes and agronomic trait genes, as well as analyzed the relationship between functional genes and geographical distribution. It was considered that developing SNP information of species with clear genetic background to conduct research on other medicinal plants, and basing on clear bioactive constituents biosynthesis pathway of some species to study other genes of medicinal plants, were good ways to study most medicinal plants with limited genetic background. In addition, the gene of good agronomic traits or special physiological phenomenon was proposed to be the focus in the function gene research on medicinal plants.

  Secondary Metabolites of Baphicacanthus cusia (NeeS) Bremek Zeng Meijuan and Diao Yong 2016, 32 (20):  30-34.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120166 Abstract + ( 920 )   PDF ( 584KB )   ( 489 ) Baphicacanthus cusia (NeeS) Bremek is a commonly used genuine medicinal material, its underground rhizome and root are often used as raw materials to produce radix isatidis and relative preparations, and have a variety of functions. It has been documented that most active ingredients of medicinal plants are their secondary metabolites. However, researches on the secondary metabolism of Baphicacanthus cusia (NeeS) Bremek are rarely reported. In this paper, characteristics and functions of three kinds of secondary metabolites of Baphicacanthus cusia (NeeS) Bremek including phenols, terpenes and nitrogenous compounds are reviewed to provide a theoretical basis for the research on formation mechanism of active ingredients in Baphicacanthus cusia (NeeS) Bremek and to lay a foundation for germplasm innovation of Baphicacanthus cusia (NeeS) Bremek .

  Developmental Threshold Temperature and Effective Accumulated Temperaturefor Sweetpotato Weevil (Cylas formicarius) Wang Rongyan,Ma Juan,Li Xiuhua,Gao Bo and Chen Shulong 2016, 32 (20):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120158 Abstract + ( 862 )   PDF ( 514KB )   ( 548 ) To determine its developmental threshold temperature and effective accumulated temperature, sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius) were reared with sweetpotato root in the illumination incubator at 20, 23, 25, 28 and 31℃, under 60% RH and 12 h photophase. The results showed that the sweetpotato weevil could grow normally and complete one generation in 79.75, 57.01, 43.36, 33.10 and 31.90 d at 20, 23, 25, 28 and 31℃ respectively. The developmental threshold temperature of egg, larva, pupa, adult in pre-oviposition period and one generation was estimated to be 11.44, 12.37, 14.42, 17.44 and 13.58℃, respectively, and the effective accumulated temperature for their development was 118.07, 233.42, 78.41, 72.87 and 515.77 day degree, respectively.

  Toxicity Determination and Synergistic Effect of Four Fungicides Against Grape Botrytis cinerea Wang Li,Zhou Zengqiang and Hou Hui 2016, 32 (20):  40-43.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010045 Abstract + ( 1075 )   PDF ( 555KB )   ( 913 ) In order to screen out effective fungicides against grape Botrytis cinerea, and lay a basis for grape Botrytis cinerea prevention and compounded preparation, the toxicities of fungicides like pyraclostrobin, fludioxonil, cyprodinil and boscalid against grape Botrytis cinerea were tested by mycelium growth rate method, and the synergistic effect of pyraclostrobin and fludioxonil was studied. The results of the toxicity determination showed that the 4 fungicides had inhibiting effect on grape Botrytis cinerea, fludioxonil had the best toxicity with EC 50 value of 0.0845 mg/L, then were pyraclostrobin and cyprodinil with EC 50 values of 3.6023 and 5.6300 mg/L, respectively. Boscalid had the lowest inhibiting effect withEC 50 value of 68.2860 mg/L. The result of the allied toxicity determination showed that EC 50 values of 5 compounded preparations of pyraclostrobin and fludioxonil were 0.3483, 0.5291, 0.5741, 1.8751 and 3.9185 mg/L, and the values of cotoxicity coefficient were 397.50, 166.64, 28.75, 4.85 and 2.24, respectively. The addition effect was most obvious when the mass ratio of pyraclostrobin and fludioxonil was 1:25, and the value of co-toxicity coefficient was 397.50.

  Resistance of Lanzhou Lily to Botrytis cinerea Induced by Protein Extract TraT2AFrom Trichoderma atroviride T2 Fermentation Liquid Han Liang,Liang Qiaolan and Zhou Qiyu 2016, 32 (20):  44-50.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020103 Abstract + ( 976 )   PDF ( 2661KB )   ( 463 ) In order to induce the resistance of Lanzhou lily against Botrytis cinerea, different concentrations of protein extract TraT2A from Trichoderma atroviride T2 fermentation liquid were added to the culture medium. The antibacterial rate and the induced resistant effect to Botrytis cinerea were investigated. To study the induced disease resistant mechanism, the 100 times diluent of TraT2A was sprayed to healthy Lanzhou lily, and Botrytis cinerea was inoculated after 48 hours (TraT2A IB), and the other three treatments were TraT2A, IB(inoculating Botrytis cinerea ) and CK (the control group). The results indicated that the 10 times and 100 times diluent of TraT2A had antibacterial effect on Botrytis cinerea, and the antibacterial rate of 100 times diluent of TraT2A was the minimum, which was only 1.16%, but the induced resistant effect was the maximum, which reached 84.77%. The treatment of TraT2A Botrytis cinerea significantly improved the activities of GLU, PAL, POD, PPO, wax content and the accumulation of callose. And the activities of POD, PPO and the wax content were higher than that of other treatments. The activity of GLU was higher than that of other treatments except in the third day. The activities of GLU and PAL reached the maximum in the seventh day, which were 284.28 and 2.93 U, respectively, and was 0.09, 0.31, 0.46 times and 0.31, 0.19, 0.47 times higher than that of TraT2A, IB and CK treatment, respectively. Meanwhile, the activities of POD and PPO and the max content all reached the maximum in the first day, which were 1.59 U, 0.63 U and 14.48 mg/g, respectively. The activity of POD in the treatment of TraT2A IB was 0.04, 0.29, 0.43 times higher than that of the other three treatments, the activity of PPO was 0.12, 0.32, 0.67 times and the wax content was 0.09, 0.06, 0.99 times higher than that of the other three treatments. And the accumulation of callose was also higher than that of the other three treatments. The results indicated that the treatment of TraT2A IB could activate the defense system of lily and induce disease resistance.

  Control Effect of Different Herbicides on Weeds in Shanxi Sorghum Field 张建华,,,,,,,, and 2016, 32 (20):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010068 Abstract + ( 908 )   PDF ( 566KB )   ( 572 ) To solve the problem of difficult weed control in Shanxi sorghum field, soil blocking agents and foliage treatment agents were screened for the application by using a randomized complete block test. The results showed that for the pre-emergence treatment, when the concentration of Atrazine, Metolachlor and 2,4-D Butyl ester was lower than 6750, 1350 and 1200 mL/hm2, respectively, there were less impact on sorghum emergence and good effect of weeding. The optimal ratio of Atrazine and Metolachlor complex combination was 5250 mL/hm2 900 mL/hm2. For the post-emergence treatment, there were good effect of weeding and less impact on sorghum yield when the concentration of Quinclorac, Atrazine, MCPA and 2,4-D Butyl ester was 750 g/hm2, 2700 g/hm2, 1500 g/hm2 and 1050 mL/hm2, respectively. The optimal ratio of Atrazine Quinclorac, Atrazine 2,4-D Butyl ester, Bentazon Quinclorac complex combination was 2250 g/hm2 600 g/hm2, 2250 g/hm2 300 mL/hm2 and 3000 mL/hm2 750 g/hm2, respectively.

  On Comb Honey Chen Yao,Wang Zengli,Liu Xuetao,Gu Haike and Shang Hongzhong 2016, 32 (20):  57-64.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010013 Abstract + ( 830 )   PDF ( 663KB )   ( 373 ) In order to summarize the relevant international and domestic researches and production modes of comb honey, and provide academic bases and references for further studies on it, a systematical review of the researches is carried out, and comb honey’s current market conditions are also reported. Comb honey is mainly composed of honey and honeycomb. It is full of nutrients and has antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant effect, and can protect cardiovascular system, regulate immune system and so on. In the treatment of clinical diseases, comb honey can be used alone or in combination with other ingredients. However, the research system of comb honey is not formed and the quality standard of comb honey should be improved. There are difficulties in the production process of comb honey, but new food processing technologies might also be applied.

  Dynamic Change of Free Amino Acids Contents in Germinating Colored Brown Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Wang Yan,Li Mei,Chai Lihong and Shen Shengquan 2016, 32 (20):  65-71.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16020003 Abstract + ( 770 )   PDF ( 1877KB )   ( 463 ) To investigate the content and component ratio of free amino acids which have high utilization efficiency in human body in germinating colored brown rice (Oryza Sativa L.), red rice (BP480), black rice (BP602), and white rice (BP015, CK) were chosen as materials. Contents of gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) and 17 kinds of free amino acids were measured after germinating for 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, 72, 84 and 96 hours. And the dynamic changes of contents of GABA, limiting amino acids, essential amino acids and flavour amino acids were analyzed. The results showed that the contents of most free amino acids (including GABA) showed a sustainable growth trend, and had the maximum values at 96 h. The proportions of essential amino acids in total free amino acid increased from 20.3% to 48.0% in red rice, 19.2% to 48.1% in black rice and 16.6% to 49.2% in white rice, respectively. Moreover, threonine became the richest free amino acid. Germination did improve the composition property of free amino acids and the protein utilization of brown rice.

  Matching Analysis of Water and Land Resources in Anhui Province Based on Gini Coefficient Yang Qiqi,Yang Xilian,Qiao Chuantaidou,Zuo Yahui,Cui Yi and Jin Juliang 2016, 32 (20):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16030162 Abstract + ( 1491 )   PDF ( 1432KB )   ( 410 ) To make a scientific plan for regional agricultural development, matching analysis of water and land resources in Anhui Province from 2000 to 2012 was conducted by constructing the regional Gini curve between water and land resources and calculating the Gini coefficient and the total water resources possessed by per unit area of farmland. The results showed that the average regional Gini coefficient of water and land resources of Anhui Province from 2000 to 2012 was 0.4449, which was more superior to that of China (0.5664) and the world (0.5864). The matching features of the water and land resources in Anhui Province had obviously spatial variation, as the matching degree of southern Anhui Province was better than that of the Yangtze River and Huai River area, while the matching degree of the Yangtze River and Huai River area was better than that of northern Anhui Province.

  Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Intensive Land Use in the Yangtze River Delta Region Zhao Dandan and Hu Yecui 2016, 32 (20):  77-84.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120170 Abstract + ( 1352 )   PDF ( 2182KB )   ( 624 ) To study the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving factors and provide reasonable suggestions on intensive land use for 16 cities in the Yangtze River Delta Region, the improved entropy method was used to evaluate the intensive land use level from 2007 to 2013. Spearman rank correlation coefficient and coefficient of variation were used to analyze the temporal characteristics, and spatial autocorrelation analysis was used to analyze the spatial characteristics. The results showed that the development of intensive land use level was slow from 2007 to 2008 and then kept rising rapidly from 2009 to 2013. Intensive land use level increased rapidly in Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou from 2007 to 2013 and increased only in small steps in Wuxi and Suzhou, while decreased slowly in Nantong. And the difference of intensive land use among cities during this period was becoming smaller. Cities with mid-high level of intensive land use presented a half-circle spatial distribution, and cities with the low level presented a belt distribution. Besides, the cities with high level of intensive land use always became hot spots in space and the cities with low level became cold spots, but the spatial correlation of intensive land use among the 16 cities was not obvious. Last but not least, driving factors including geographical location, economic development level and land marketization level had significant influence on the level of intensive land use. Thus, specific measures with consideration to local conditions should be taken to push intensive land use to a higher level. And it is of great significance for central cities to provide trickle-down effect for surrounding cities.

  Land Use Change Characteristics of Settlement Ecological Niche in the Upper Reaches of Min River Li Fucheng,Zhao Li,Wang Qing,Fan Min and Wang Haijiang 2016, 32 (20):  85-91.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120151 Abstract + ( 1845 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 797 ) The impacts of human production and life on land use in mountainous area mainly focus on settlement ecological niches, taking the settlement ecological niche as the basic research element could effectively reveal the changing process of land use in micro-scale in mountainous area and the action mechanism between human and land. Temporal-spatial distribution and change characteristics of land use in the dry valley settlement ecological niche of the upper reaches of Min River from 1999 to 2009 were studied based on remote materials and Geographical Information System technology. The results showed that: (1) the farmland areas in the settlement ecological niche significantly decreased during the ten years, but the grassland and forest areas increased; (2) the land use in the settlement ecological niche was concentrated within the altitude range of 2001-2900 m and the gradient of 15o-35o, and the land use area of the south slope was higher than that of the north slope, and the land use area of the east slope was higher than that of the west slope; (3) the land use structure in high mountainous area in the settlement ecological niche tended to be well-aligned, but the land use structure in low-high mountainous area tended to have a disorder state. The land use in the settlement ecological niche in the upper reaches of Min River was in a quick adjustment stage, the farmland showed obvious non-agricultural characteristics, such as farmland changing to grassland, ecological forest and economic fruit forest. The main reason was attributed to the joint action of population decrease, ecological conservation policies and comparative benefits.

  Soil Physical and Chemical Properties in Main Maize Area of Henan Province Zhang Guohe,Zhang Bo,Wang Haibiao,Zhang Huiyu and Wang Yilun 2016, 32 (20):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040083 Abstract + ( 739 )   PDF ( 519KB )   ( 504 ) In order to investigate soil nutrient conditions and provide basis for rational utilization of soil resource and guide scientific fertilization, soil nutrient was measured in representative fields in main grain area of Henan Province, and maize yield and agricultural production condition were investigated. The results showed that the conditions of surface soil nutrient were different. The average contents of soil organic matter, total N, available N, available P and available K were 16.05 mg/kg, 1.28 mg/kg, 64.79 mg/kg, 18.68 mg/kg and 109.18 mg/kg, respectively, in north Henan, they were 13.98 mg/kg, 1.54 mg/kg, 59.59 mg/kg, 18.96 mg/kg and 90.71 mg/kg, respectively, in central Henan, and were 13.25 mg/kg, 1.56 mg/kg, 50.56 mg/kg, 12.93 mg/kg and 100.39 mg/kg, respectively, in south Henan, the nutrient distribution was unbalanced. Soil bulk density of 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30~40 cm soil layer were 1.34, 1.39, 1.50 and 1.52 g/cm3 respectively, which indicated that the soil was tight and inhibited root growth. Straw turnover should be popularized, the application of organic fertilizer should be highlighted, the use of nitrogen fertilizer should be controlled, the use of phosphorus fertilizer should be decreased and the use of potassium fertilizer should be increased, the application of compound fertilizer and slow/controlled release fertilizer should be promoted, deep ploughing was important before planting to break the plow sole, decrease soil bulk density and improve soil physical properties.

  Basic Soil Productivity Study on Different Fertility Levels in Fluvo-Aquic Soil Region, North China Zhang Shuiqing,Huang Shaomin,Lou Yilai,Shin-ichiro Mishima,,Guo Doudou and Qian Xiaoping 2016, 32 (20):  97-100.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010090 Abstract + ( 714 )   PDF ( 2306KB )   ( 437 ) The improvement of basic soil productivity is important to reduce fertilizer application rates and increase crop yield. In order to study the basic soil productivity conditions in fluvo-Aquic soil region, north China, the basic soil productivity were studied on typical fluvo-aquic soils at three sites (Yuanyang county, Zhoukou city and Xiayi county) of different fertilities under wheat maize rotation system by two-year field experiment and statistical analysis technique. The results showed that the contribution rates of basic soil productivity were 78.1% and 76.7% in the wheat season in 2012 and 2013, respectively, which were a little higher than that of the maize season of 71.9% and 74.4%; the mean contribution rates of basic soil productivity of the two crops were 74.5% in 2012 and 75.1% in 2013, the contribution rates had no significant difference between low fertility soil and high fertility soil. To sum up, the contribution rate of basic soil productivity in fluvo-aquic soil region, north China under the wheat-maize rotation was about 75%.

  Characteristics of Chemical Component and Agricultural Potential Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals of Biogas Slurry in Suburban Areas of Yangtze Delta Zhou Yang and Zhang Mingkui 2016, 32 (20):  101-106.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040048 Abstract + ( 877 )   PDF ( 537KB )   ( 555 ) In order to understand the component change of biogas slurry and guide the scientific fertilization, 39 biogas slurry samples were collected from marsh gas tanks at pig farms, cattle farms and households in Yangtze delta respectively, pH, organic carbon, COD, total nitrogen, NH4-N, NO3-N, organic nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Pb, As, Cd, Hg) were measured, the relationship among different components were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis, the agricultural potential risk of heavy metal was analyzed. The results showed that the component (expect pH) of biogas slurry from different resources had significant difference, the amplitude of variation mainly belonged to medium and high strength. The content of phosphorus and heavy metal (Cu, Zn, As, Cr) was in the sequence of pig farms＞ cattle farms＞ households. The results of principal component analysis showed that the change of phosphorus, copper, zinc, arsenic and chromium in biogas slurry was similar, which might be related to the use of feed additives. Organic carbon and COD content were significantly related to the content of total nitrogen, NH4-N and organic nitrogen, which might be related to the application amount and constituent of organic material in the process of ferment. Cadmium and lead had similar sources, which might be related to the local environment of marsh gas tanks. Nemerrow index was used to evaluate the agricultural potential risk of heavy metals of biogas slurry, the results showed that the irrigation risk of all biogas slurry with different sources belonged to no risk, but the application amount of biogas slurry produced from pig farms should be controlled.

  The comparative application analysis of the several droughts monitoring index in Linyi district 2016, 32 (20):  107-112.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010040 Abstract + ( 741 )   PDF ( 1660KB )   ( 413 ) The paper researched the droughts monitoring index suitable for Linyi District, it evaluated the TVDI and VSWI index and structured the TVDI and VSWI vegetationSindex by using MODIS data in Linyi district from April to November in 2012. Combined with the soil moisture measured data, established the relational model between vegetation index and soil relative humidity, and evaluated the soil moisture of the research region. Compared the inversion result of several droughts monitoring indices, obtained the most suitable drought monitoring model of Linyi district. The result shows that, there is a significant relationship between kinds of drought indices and 10 ~ 20cm of soil relative humidity, 82% passed 0.01 test of significant, The correlation coefficient TVDI index 5% higher than the overall VSWI index. The TVDIEVI index 3% is higher than TVDINDVI index. VSWINDVI index is higher than VSWIEVI, with 1% minor differences.

  Cloud Amount Variation and Its Relationship with Climate Factors in Eastern Hexi Corridor Ma Zhonghua,Yang Xiaoling and Liu Rong 2016, 32 (20):  113-119.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010059 Abstract + ( 659 )   PDF ( 2506KB )   ( 340 ) In order to understand the influence of cloud radiation feedback on climate change, total cloud amount, low cloud amount and other climatic data of five meteorological stations in eastern Hexi Corridor during 1961 to 2013 were used, temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of cloud amount and its relationship with climate factors were analyzed by climate diagnosis analysis method. The results showed that the total and low cloud amount increased from the northeast to the southwest. The annual and decadal total and low cloud amount both showed an increasing trend, the time series of the total and low cloud amount had 5-7 years and 5-6 years quasi-periodic variation, respectively, and the abrupt year was 1997 and 1987, respectively. The total and low cloud amount in each season had an increasing trend, and the peak of the total cloud amount was observed from April to June and in September, a valley was found in December; the peak of low cloud amount was observed in July, a valley was found in December to January of the following year. The total and low cloud amount had significantly positive correlation with the average temperature and precipitation, and had significantly negative correlation with daily range of temperature and average wind speed.

  Flue-cured Tobacco Yield Prediction in Shaanxi Using Climatic Suitability Yang Yanchao,Jin Ning,Zhu Haitao,Li Xiaolian and He Dengfeng 2016, 32 (20):  120-125.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010062 Abstract + ( 638 )   PDF ( 2610KB )   ( 346 ) In order to predict the yield of flue-cured tobacco in Shaanxi Province, the spatial distribution of the climatic characteristics for flue-cured tobacco planting were analyzed. The yield prediction model was established using multi-linear regression method based on the comprehensive climatic suitability index of representative counties. Several meteorological factors were considered, including the average temperature during maturity stage, precipitation in vigorous growing period, available time and sunshine duration during the growth period. The datasets of tobacco yield and meteorological data of the 13 representative counties where the tobacco planted continuously were used in this study. Results showed that the predicted and observed yield agreed well, with an average relative error of 3.74%. The accuracy of the yield prediction for 2014 was 92%, with a relative error of 7.96%. The prediction model was of high accuracy and practicability, and could be used as an effective tool to predict the tobacco yield production.

  Microphysical Schemes Sensitivity Tests for Several Heavy Rainfall Weather Processes in Shanxi Shen Liwen,Zhao Haiying and Wang Simin 2016, 32 (20):  126-132.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040079 Abstract + ( 744 )   PDF ( 6070KB )   ( 351 ) In order to forecast the heavy rainfall weather processes by using the mesoscale numerical weather prediction system more precisely, and improve the short-term forecast capacity of the heavy rainfall weather process, the authors used the conventional high and surface meteorological data and NCEP reanalysis data, analyzed 5 heavy rainfall weather processes in the flood season in 2011 in Shanxi and conducted the simulated test for several times. The results showed that: 5 heavy rainfall weather processes in the flood season in 2011 had different circumstances, which were divided into 2 types: cold cloud precipitation and warm cloud precipitation; as far as the microphysical schemes was concerned, the simulation result of cold cloud precipitation using the WSM6 and Thompson scheme was more precise, and the simulation result of warm cloud precipitation using the Kessler warm rain scheme was more precise.

  Risk Regionalization of Blizzard Disaster in Shanxi Province Based on GIS Miao Aimei,Wang Hongxia and Lu Zhangyu 2016, 32 (20):  133-140.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040098 Abstract + ( 664 )   PDF ( 6882KB )   ( 329 ) In order to reduce the impact of blizzard disaster, the climatic characteristics of blizzard in Shanxi Province was studied. The comprehensive risk regionalization of blizzard disaster was conducted from the risk of hazard factors, the sensitivity of disaster inducing environment, the vulnerability of disaster bearing body and the ability of disaster prevention and mitigation with the data of the average annual day numbers of blizzard, the snow depth more than 5 cm, the maximum snow depth data from 1980 to 2012 of 108 counties and cities, and the DEM altimetric data, geographic information data and social economy data like population density, per capita GDP, cultivated land ratio and road density data. The results showed that: the sequence of blizzard stations in recent 33 years in Shanxi was mainly composed of two waves whose periods were four and three years respectively; the monthly average number of blizzard stations in March was the largest, followed by that in April and November; the blizzard days gradually increased from the northwest to the southeast, the risk level of blizzard disaster in Changzhi, Jincheng, Yangquan and Jinzhong were the highest, while that in Yuncheng, southern Linfen, northern Lvliang and southwest Datong were the lowest. Compared with the historical disaster data and the blizzard disasters in last ten years in Shanxi, the comprehensive risk regionalization results were quite reasonable, and this study could provide scientific basis for the prevention and evaluation of the blizzard disaster in Shanxi Province.

  Analysis on Sunshine Time Variation Characteristics andInfluencing Factor Thereof in Shouguang 2016, 32 (20):  141-146.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110150 Abstract + ( 857 )   PDF ( 2083KB )   ( 582 ) Meteorological data in Shouguang from 1960 to 2014, including sunshine, wind speed, precipitation, total cloud cover, relative humidity, etc., are selected in order to reveal sunshine time change rules and characteristics in Shouguang. Linear trend estimation, cumulative departure, signal-to-noise ratio and other methods are adopted for statistically analyzing sunshine time variation characteristics and its influencing factors of Shouguang in recent 55 years. Results show that annual sunshine time of Shouguang is significantly reduced, climate tendency rate is 66.15 h / 10 a; wherein reduction trend in summer is the most significant, climate tendency rate is -26.52h/10a, reduction trend in spring is not obvious; Sunshine time decadal change is significantly reduced in "ladder" shape, and climate tendency rate is 71.68 h/10 a; annual sunshine time from January to December is reducing, reduction in June is the most obvious. The tendency rate is 10.65 h/10 a. Season and annual sunshine time in Shouguang do not have significant mutations in the changing process with time. Annual sunshine time has negative correlation with annual precipitation, precipitation duration, total cloud cover and vapor pressure, and positive correlation with average wind speed, relative humidity and fog days. Correlation between sunshine time and various meteorological factors varies with different seasons. Average wind speed and total cloud cover become important meteorological factors affecting significant reduction of annual and seasonal sunshine time in Shouguang.

  Design and Experiment of Hole-digging Mechanism in Fertilizer Deep-applicator for Orchards Wang Quan,Sun Songlin and Qiu Jin 2016, 32 (20):  147-154.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040087 Abstract + ( 10104 )   PDF ( 2568KB )   ( 569 ) Fertilizer machinery cannot easily pass through a close planting orchard, and the fertilizer utilization rate is low when using surface fertilizing. To solve this problem, quantitatively deep-fertilization method through placing granular fertilizer into dug holes was proposed. To put the method into practice, a small size fertilizer deep-applicator for orchards was designed, and its hole-digging performance was tested as well. The results showed that when the holes’ depth were 300, 350 and 400 mm respectively, the average diameter of the top of the holes were 207.7, 207.1 and 209.9 mm, the average diameter of the bottom of the holes were 206.3, 204.3 and 206.1 mm, and the average depth of the holes were 296.7, 345.9 and 395.4 mm, respectively. The errors of the holes’ diameter and depth were within 5 mm. And the digging efficiency was 34.5, 39.6 and 44.1 s, respectively, which could meet the requirements of hole-digging. The testing data provide a technical reference for the industrialization of fertilizer deep-applicator for orchards.

  Visual Analysis of Researches on Animal Resource and Breeding Liang Li,Sun Wei and Zhang Xuefu 2016, 32 (20):  155-164.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16010016 Abstract + ( 1000 )   PDF ( 4615KB )   ( 389 ) To analyze the research situation of animal resource and breeding, study the cooperation and communication between state and organization, and provide reference for scientific research workers and government decision-making departments, literatures in Web of Science from 2000 to 2014 were collected to summarize the knowledge foundation and the dynamic changes of the research hotspots in the field. CiteSpace and SCIMAT were used to construct different knowledge maps. And experts were invited to judge the rationality of the results. The results showed that the number of published papers of the United States ranked first in the world from 2000 to 2014. The United Kingdom and Germany were the most active countries in academic communication of this field. China had close academic relationship with Holland. University of Illinois had the most active academic communication. The communication of Chinese institutions with other countries was not active. Universities occupied an important position in the research of this field. There were seven relative stable research hotspots in the field of animal resources and breeding, which were specific species (cattle, pig, sheep, chicken), hormone research, genetic mechanism, meat production and quality, digestion and nutrition, animal disease control and development regulation. The breeding research of cattle was a hotspot in the field of animal resource and breeding. Quantitative research on the use of variance component was only hot for a short period of time. New hot spot during 2012-2014 was breeding industry management. As time went on, the field of animal resource and breeding expanded to other disciplines such as economics, science of sciences, and the growth of related knowledge structure of the cross disciplines was observed. The result reveals the knowledge evolution and development trend of animal resource and breeding and provides a reference for scientific research workers and government decision-making departments.

  Climate Change Affecting Grain Production, Consumption and Economic Growth in China:Based on the Agricultural CGE Model Huang Delin,Li Ximing and Ju Shaopeng 2016, 32 (20):  165-176.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15110151 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 864KB )   ( 514 ) To study the effect of climate change on grain production, consumption and economic growth, using grain production and climate changes in previous researches, policy schemes in base period were simulated, grain production, consumption and economic growth by 2050 in China were predicted based on the computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. The results showed that (1) by 2050, under the high carbon emission scenario (A2), the total grain yield was 629185 thousand tons, and the total consumption demand was 626609 thousand tons; under the medium and low carbon emission scenario (B2), the total grain yield was 601859 thousand tons, and the total consumption demand was 561093 thousand tons. Without regard to the loss and inventory, the supply and demand of grain was basically in a balance with supply slightly bigger than demand. (2) When taking the fertilizer effect of CO2 into consideration, climate change would have positive effects on China’s macro and sector economy by 2050. Macroeconomic indicators such as real wages, real GDP, investment and household consumption and export all increased compared with that of the base period; from the aspect of sector economy, climate change also had positive effects on the output, consumption, import and export of the primary, secondary and tertiary industry. However, the results were opposite without considering the fertilizer effect of CO2. (3) The positive effect of climate change on China’s macro and sector economy under A2 scenario was higher than that under B2 scenario. (4) Considering the effect of climate change on grain yield and demand, when taking the fertilizer effect of CO2 into consideration, grain supply increased and import reduced under both A2 and B2 scenarios, and the increased supply quantity was larger than that of the demand. Therefore, taking the fertilizer effect of CO2 into consideration would guarantee the supply and was beneficial to food security in China, while without considering the fertilizer effect of CO2, the results were opposite.

  Farmers’ Wish to Attending Scientific and Technical Training Again in State-level Poverty County:Taking Toli County in Xinjiang as an Example Dong Pengmei and Zhou Lili 2016, 32 (20):  177-182.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120115 Abstract + ( 893 )   PDF ( 611KB )   ( 337 ) The aim of this study is to understand the influencing factors of farmers’ willingness to participate in scientific and technical training again. The data of 142 farmers from Toli, Xinjiang were investigated based on questionnaire survey. Using SPSS 17.0 software, binary logistic regression analysis was performed with the obtained data to study factors influencing farmers’ willingness to participate in the training again. The results showed that having training experience with regard to farmer’s willingness to participate was based mainly on whether there has been training help and the influence of three variables on individual farming income and curiosity. According to the above results,farmers who had the individual farming income in 20000 yuan of above ,and believed that the training was effective should be chosen to take part in the training again, and curiosity was the proper training time.

  Spatial-temporal Changes of Rural Cultivated Land Transfer and Its Driving Mechanism at Town Level Li Zhimeng and Zhang Shichao 2016, 32 (20):  183-198.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb15120172 Abstract + ( 917 )   PDF ( 10971KB )   ( 288 ) In order to examine the differences of rural land transfer and to enrich the cognition of the scale effect of land transfer, town was used as the unit for exploring the characteristics of cultivated land transfer. Based on the economic data of 24 towns in Jiangjin District of Chongqing from 2007 to 2012, the spatial-temporal changes of the form, object and scale of cultivated land transfer were analyzed by statistical analysis. In addition, the effects of natural location, economic level, resource endowment, agricultural policy and market on cultivated land transfer at town level were also analyzed by using principal component analysis and Logistic multivariate regression analysis. The results indicated that in the study area, the forms of town-level cultivated land transfer were diversified. Furthermore, lease and subcontract were two major transfer forms from 2007 to 2012 in these towns. For the transfer object, most cultivated land was transferred to farmers, followed by enterprises and specialized cooperatives. The annual difference of the scale of cultivated land transfer at town level was obviously and its changing trend was diversified. The main changing trends of cultivated land transfer were “increase-decrease-increase” and “consecutive increase”. The scale of cultivated land transfer at town level was in a random distribution with a decreasing autocorrelation. The overall pattern of spatial association of cultivated land transfer at town level was unstable. As for the driving factors, agricultural laborers and commercialization rate in breeding industry were the major factors affecting cultivated land transfer. Land transfer rate showed an increasing trend with the decrease of agricultural laborers, while with the increase of commercialization rate. Moreover, fixed asset, cultivated land per capita, and urbanization rate also had significantly positive effect on the scale of cultivated land transfer at town level. Finally policy strategies were put forward to facilitate land transfer with consideration to the demands of different development levels and characteristics of different towns.

  Protection of Rural Cultivated Land in China: In the View of New Institutional Economics Sun Yuxin and Xing Yusheng 2016, 32 (20):  199-204.  DOI: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb16040050 Abstract + ( 977 )   PDF ( 930KB )   ( 491 ) Cultivated land is important for supporting the development of economy and society, and it is the key for the sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy. In this paper, the current situation and policy changes of cultivated land protection in China was reviewed. Then, protection of cultivated land was discussed based on the property right theory of new institutional economics, institutional equilibrium theory and the game theory of institutional supply and demand. It was concluded that the establishment of an effective property right system was the key to protecting cultivated land. The keys of institutional equilibrium of cultivated land protection were responsibility allocationandbenefit distribution. Local government and land use enterprises needed to take village collectives and farmers’ benefitsinto accountwhen occupy cultivated land to promote economic development.Based on the results, the authors put forward relevant countermeasures including improving the land property rights system and establishing the effective demand feedback systemto eliminate the rent-seeking behavior of the government at all levels and protect the benefits of farmers effectively.And central government should strengthen the supervision on the premise of ensuring institutional equilibrium. In addition, themethods and perspectives of this study would enrich the researches on non-agricultural cultivated land.