Abstract: Shanxi Province is located in the inland district of Midwest of our country, has advantage position and rich resources. Because of irrational exploitation and utilization for a long time, Shanxi appeared frail environment, deficient water resources, serious environmental pollution, and disharmonious economic structure, etc. The problems caused the repugnance between resources and economic development restricted the forming of the sustainable development system. To this realistic problem, the main countermeasures such as adjust industrial structure, developing ecological agriculture and tourism, and implementing cleaner production and so on, were put forward to promote the ecological improvement and realize the benign cycle of the ecological economic system of Shanxi in this paper.