Abstract: The study aims to explore the adaptability of different cucumber cultivars to the enclosed substrate trough culture system, and lay the foundation for high yield and high efficient cultivation of cucumber. With six cucumber cultivars as test materials, and their phenological period, botanical characters, fruit quality, yield and disease resistance were comparatively analyzed under enclosed substrate trough culture system. The results showed that among the six tested cucumber cultivars, the yield of‘Bomei 80-5’was the highest, the early yield and total yield were 44.37% and 36.56% higher than those of the control‘Jinyou 35’, respectively, its vegetative growth was vigor and had resistance to powdery mildew. The total yield of‘Jingyan 108-2’was 32.29% higher than the control and its vitamin C content was higher than other tested cultivars. The soluble solid content and soluble sugar content of‘Zhongnong 50’were the highest compared with other tested cultivars, and were higher than the control by 27.74% and 40.58% respectively. In addition, the fruit flavor ‘Zhongnong 50’was superior to other cultivars and had good performance production and disease resistance. In conclusion,‘Bomei 80-5’,‘Jingyan 108-2’and‘Zhongnong 50’are recommended as suitable cultivars for enclosed substrate trough culture system.