Abstract: The aim is to investigate whether the variation petals re- flap and resistance enhancement are associated with the photosynthetic features of Paeonia ludlowii. Paeonia ludlowii mutant AS and non-mutant ACK are used as materials. The photosynthesis parameters are measured using Li-6400 portable photosynthetic system. The differences of photosynthetic characteristics of Paeonia ludlowii mutant AS and non-mutant ACK are analyzed under the similar environmental conditions. The results showed that: compared to ACK, the net photosynthetic rate of AS was greatly affected by the changes of CO2 concentration, while marginally affected by the light intensity. AS had lower net photosynthetic rate, but significantly greater maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point than those of ACK. The maximum net photosynthetic rate of AS and ACK was 49.8 and 41.6 μmol/(m2 · s), respectively, and the light saturation point was 754.5 and 334.2 μmol/(m2 · s), respectively. The dark respiration rate in AS was markedly lower than that in ACK [0.039 vs. 0.178 μmol/(m2·s)], as well as the apparent quantum yield in the mutant was markedly lower than that in the non-mutant (0.066 vs. 0.125 μmol/mol). The results suggest that the mutant material Lhasa Paeonia ludlowii has significantly varied photosynthetic characteristics and enhanced ability of environmental adaption than its non-variant material, indicating that the variation of Paeonia ludlowii was specifically related to its photosynthetic characteristics under the present conditions, while the additional possibilities of mutation in other environmental conditions should be further exploited.