Abstract: Along with China’s entry into WTO, agriculture becomes the focus of people’s attention again. How to deal with the opportunities and challenges of agriculture? According to the author, one of the key ways is accelerate the formation and transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements with market-based mechanism. In the formation of achievements, the way is to strengthen market-based consciousness, to adjust research emphases in time, to improve methods of examine and manage, to help researchers to change their conception on science study, and to increase the investment in agricultural science research. It is also very important to transform achievements with market-based consciousness all the time. Exploit country education market, study and develop the technique of transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements, and enhance specialization in the extension of agricultural science and technology are all the ways not only to encourage the development of agriculture, but also to realize our country’s economic flourish finally.