Abstract: A systematic investigation was made of the soil and climate conditions, the growth of tea shrubs and the quality of tea in 7 tea plantations in “Bashan Xiachuan” as mentioned in a famous Chinese classic work in the Tang Dynasty, an ancient tea-producing region bordering Fengjie in the east, Yibin in the west, the Wuling Mountains in the south and Hanzhong in the north. This region is characterized by sunshine during the day and rain in the night and frequent drought spells in mid-summer. The soils in the tea plantations are predominantly of the yellow soil type, which is liable to acidification and has a higher content of organic matter than the purple soil. The yellow soil in Xinsheng Tea Plantation has sandstone as its soil-forming parental material and is rich in organic matter, N and readily available P, and the samples of tea produced there are high in free amino acids and caffeine. The yellow soil over conglomerate rock in Wanyuan is rich in exchangeable Ca and Mg, and the tea samples collected there contained high tea polyphenols. Acid purple soil contains more K and the tea samples contain more water soluble extract. What is worth mentioning is the fact that the yellow soil over calcareous rock in Wansheng contains the highest water soluble S and the tea samples produced there were given the highest scores of S content, flavor and taste in evaluation.