Abstract: In order to reveal the relation between the fertilizer rate, leaf population and tobacco leaf quality, two factor and three level trail were conducted including 72kg/hm2, 90kg/hm2, 108kg/hm2 fertilizer rate and 15,18,21 slice of leaves population at Chuxiong. The results showed them increased fertilizer rate can promote the plant pericanlome length, internodal length, improve the maximum leaf area indexes, reduce the resistance against tobacco powdery mildew and brown spot, raise the leaf yield, value, top quality leaves rate and the specific leaf weight of upper flue-cured leaves, increase content of the total nitrogen and nicotine, decrease sugar-nicotine ratio. However, the increased leaf number made plant height higher, leaf area index in field more accretive, the leaf area index, yield and value more, but it can reduce the top quality leaves rate and the specific leaf weight of upper flue-cured leaves, meanwhile cut down the nicotine content, which induced the raising sugar-nicotine ratio and the uncoordinative chemical content of tobacco leaves. So we cannot increase the fertilizer rate and the leaf population indiscriminately, on the contrary we must applicate fertilizer and keep leaf number rationally to gain the tobacco leaves which chemicical content were coordinative.