Abstract: 140 small tail sheep were selected in the north of Henan. They were observed on the sheep's appearance science and behavior science, and were measured on the growth and physiology target, were investigated on the genetic characteristic, were known about the situation on the fecundity and disease etc. The Study show: The small tail sheep breed characteristic is outstanding, the adaptability is strong, the small tail sheep bear the extensive feeding，the anti- disease dint is high, growing and growth quickly，have a good production on mutton, have steady heredity function, etc. But they still exist some shortcoming, for example growth not tidy, the wool yield is not high, the wool quality is worse, and so on.