Abstract: Chinese south hill and mountain areas cover 3.1 million square kilometres across 19 provinces (municipalities or autonomous regions) with about 400 million population. These areas have rich resources and great potential in agricultural production. At present, the investment on science and technology and basic infrastructure is short; farmers’ education level is low; research results applied for hill and mountain areas directly are few.The primary agricultural development objectives are as follows: to uphold market oriented, to take the culture of science as the key of development, to ensure security and increase of grain production, to develop special agricultural and animal farming zone with diversity, high efficiency and fine quality, to guarantee farmers’ increase of both production and income, and to continue to promote brand, standardisation, quality and sustainable production of agricultural and animal farming industries in these areas.First, being as a key subject, the application of the culture of science must be included into the demonstration project of extending agricultural science and technology into each household. The culture of science will enhance the mode of thinking and behaviour as well as view over the basis of scientific outlook for farmers. Therefore, the culture of science is the precursor of the development of hill and mountain areas.Second, to pay equal attention to materials and social basic infrastructure project. In addition, should pay great attention to protection of cultivated land and put cultivated land on an equal importance with rural, agriculture and farmers as a whole.