Abstract: Rural area has been in risk society. The risk which has been in rural areas includes productive risk, life risk and survival risk .Farmers have strongest sensitive cognition on life risk, and they have less sensitive cognition on productive risk and their cognition on survival risk is the profoundest. Facing to risk, they have developed their coping mechanism which depends on themselves and the resource out of system. They almost can not use social safeguard mechanism and commerce insurance to cope risk, which weakened their coping mechanism. It is an important question for the construct of state system and operation of commercial insurance to help them enjoy social safeguard and use commercial insurance.