Effects of Straw Mulching and Subsoiling on Soil Enzyme Activities in Summer Maize Field

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0248

Abstract

Abstract:

The effect of straw mulching and subsoiling on soil enzyme activities in summer maize field was studied. Four conservation tillage modes, including subsoiling and mulching (SS+M), subsoiling and no mulching (SS+NM), no tillage and mulching (NT+M), and no tillage and no mulching (NT+NM), were used to carry out field experiments in Xiping of Henan Province for three consecutive years. The effects of different treatments on the activities of soil urease, soil alkaline phosphatase, soil sucrase and soil catalase were studied. The results showed that the activities of soil urease, soil alkaline phosphatase, soil sucrase and soil catalase decreased with the deepening of soil layer under the four conservation tillage modes. The activities of the four enzymes changed with the change of maize growth period. With the advance of maize growth period, the activities of soil enzymes first increased and then decreased from sowing to 45 days after flowering, the activities of soil urease and soil sucrase reached the maximum at flowering, while the activities of soil alkaline phosphatase and soil catalase reached the maximum at 15 days after flowering. In 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers, the soil enzyme activities under straw mulching was significantly higher than that without straw mulching, which were in an order of SS+M>NT+M>SS+NM>NT+NM. In 10-20 cm soil layer, soil enzyme activity decreased sharply under NT+M treatment. In 10-20 cm soil layer, soil enzyme activities decreased dramatically under NT+M. In 20-30 cm and 30-40 cm soil layers, the soil enzyme activities of subsoiling treatment was significantly higher than that of no tillage in most periods, which were in an order of SS+M > SS+NM> NT+M > NT+NM. It can be seen that the implementation of straw mulching and subsoiling in the rain fed area of southern Henan could improve soil enzyme activities, which are worthy of popularization.

Key words: straw mulching and subsoiling, soil urease, soil sucrase, soil alkaline phosphatase, soil catalase

CLC Number:

S341.1

GUO Shuya, SHANG Shang, WANG Kun, TANG Qining, ZHANG Yan, FU Guozhan, LU Guangyuan. Effects of Straw Mulching and Subsoiling on Soil Enzyme Activities in Summer Maize Field[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2022, 38(25): 96-101.

Figures/Tables 4

References 21

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土层	处理	播种期	拔节期	开花期	花后15 d	花后30 d	花后45 d
0~5 cm	NT+NM	2.01±0.04d	2.60±0.09c	3.11±0.01d	2.85±0.09c	2.27±0.10d	2.10±0.04c
	NT+M	2.38±0.02b	3.12±0.04a	3.43±0.02b	3.34±0.03a	2.91±0.05b	2.59±0.04a
	SS+NM	2.12±0.01c	2.79±0.03b	3.23±0.02c	3.05±0.02b	2.66±0.04c	2.26±0.17b
	SS+M	2.51±0.05a	3.19±0.02a	3.51±0.03a	3.38±0.05a	3.05±0.02a	2.72±0.08a
5~10 cm	NT+NM	1.78±0.06d	2.45±0.04c	2.93±0.03d	2.78±0.03b	2.14±0.04d	1.88±0.06c
	NT+M	2.27±0.02b	2.94±0.04a	3.21±0.05b	3.14±0.11a	2.66±0.04b	2.41±0.09a
	SS+NM	1.95±0.01c	2.65±0.02b	3.07±0.01c	2.88±0.07b	2.44±0.04c	2.10±0.05b
	SS+M	2.41±0.02a	2.99±0.03a	3.34±0.03a	3.19±0.02a	2.84±0.04a	2.55±0.05a
10~20 cm	NT+NM	1.58±0.03c	1.91±0.03d	2.09±0.05d	2.00±0.08d	1.56±0.06c	1.45±0.02c
	NT+M	1.66±0.03bc	2.11±0.00b	2.46±0.06b	2.32±0.04b	1.82±0.04b	1.50±0.05bc
	SS+NM	1.72±0.06b	2.03±0.02c	2.33±0.02c	2.17±0.06c	1.79±0.08b	1.57±0.02b
	SS+M	1.91±0.06a	2.34±0.01a	2.88±0.02a	2.75±0.05a	2.04±0.09a	1.79±0.10a
20~30 cm	NT+NM	1.28±0.03d	1.34±0.03c	1.37±0.03c	1.38±0.04c	1.33±0.02c	1.28±0.06c
	NT+M	1.33±0.01c	1.39±0.04c	1.39±0.01c	1.39±0.04c	1.35±0.07c	1.35±0.07bc
	SS+NM	1.40±0.03b	1.56±0.02b	1.66±0.01b	1.62±0.04b	1.49±0.03b	1.39±0.02ab
	SS+M	1.58±0.03a	1.75±0.04a	1.88±0.04a	1.74±0.07a	1.61±0.06a	1.48±0.07a
30~40 cm	NT+NM	1.20±0.01d	1.27±0.01c	1.28±0.03c	1.26±0.03c	1.25±0.01c	1.20±0.01c
	NT+M	1.27±0.01c	1.30±0.02bc	1.27±0.02c	1.26±0.02c	1.24±0.03c	1.23±0.04c
	SS+NM	1.34±0.03b	1.37±0.05b	1.51±0.03b	1.45±0.04b	1.41±0.01b	1.32±0.01b
	SS+M	1.39±0.04a	1.49±0.05a	1.62±0.02a	1.56±0.05a	1.45±0.03a	1.40±0.02a

土层	处理	播种期	拔节期	开花期	花后15 d	花后30 d	花后45 d
0~5 cm	NT+NM	2.01±0.04d	2.60±0.09c	3.11±0.01d	2.85±0.09c	2.27±0.10d	2.10±0.04c
	NT+M	2.38±0.02b	3.12±0.04a	3.43±0.02b	3.34±0.03a	2.91±0.05b	2.59±0.04a
	SS+NM	2.12±0.01c	2.79±0.03b	3.23±0.02c	3.05±0.02b	2.66±0.04c	2.26±0.17b
	SS+M	2.51±0.05a	3.19±0.02a	3.51±0.03a	3.38±0.05a	3.05±0.02a	2.72±0.08a
5~10 cm	NT+NM	1.78±0.06d	2.45±0.04c	2.93±0.03d	2.78±0.03b	2.14±0.04d	1.88±0.06c
	NT+M	2.27±0.02b	2.94±0.04a	3.21±0.05b	3.14±0.11a	2.66±0.04b	2.41±0.09a
	SS+NM	1.95±0.01c	2.65±0.02b	3.07±0.01c	2.88±0.07b	2.44±0.04c	2.10±0.05b
	SS+M	2.41±0.02a	2.99±0.03a	3.34±0.03a	3.19±0.02a	2.84±0.04a	2.55±0.05a
10~20 cm	NT+NM	1.58±0.03c	1.91±0.03d	2.09±0.05d	2.00±0.08d	1.56±0.06c	1.45±0.02c
	NT+M	1.66±0.03bc	2.11±0.00b	2.46±0.06b	2.32±0.04b	1.82±0.04b	1.50±0.05bc
	SS+NM	1.72±0.06b	2.03±0.02c	2.33±0.02c	2.17±0.06c	1.79±0.08b	1.57±0.02b
	SS+M	1.91±0.06a	2.34±0.01a	2.88±0.02a	2.75±0.05a	2.04±0.09a	1.79±0.10a
20~30 cm	NT+NM	1.28±0.03d	1.34±0.03c	1.37±0.03c	1.38±0.04c	1.33±0.02c	1.28±0.06c
	NT+M	1.33±0.01c	1.39±0.04c	1.39±0.01c	1.39±0.04c	1.35±0.07c	1.35±0.07bc
	SS+NM	1.40±0.03b	1.56±0.02b	1.66±0.01b	1.62±0.04b	1.49±0.03b	1.39±0.02ab
	SS+M	1.58±0.03a	1.75±0.04a	1.88±0.04a	1.74±0.07a	1.61±0.06a	1.48±0.07a
30~40 cm	NT+NM	1.20±0.01d	1.27±0.01c	1.28±0.03c	1.26±0.03c	1.25±0.01c	1.20±0.01c
	NT+M	1.27±0.01c	1.30±0.02bc	1.27±0.02c	1.26±0.02c	1.24±0.03c	1.23±0.04c
	SS+NM	1.34±0.03b	1.37±0.05b	1.51±0.03b	1.45±0.04b	1.41±0.01b	1.32±0.01b
	SS+M	1.39±0.04a	1.49±0.05a	1.62±0.02a	1.56±0.05a	1.45±0.03a	1.40±0.02a

土层	处理	播种期	拔节期	开花期	花后15 d	花后30 d	花后45 d
0~5 cm	NT+NM	0.69±0.02b	0.76±0.02d	1.01±0.08c	1.12±0.01c	0.85±0.03b	0.73±0.07b
	NT+M	0.83±0.02a	0.89±0.03b	1.17±0.02ab	1.26±0.10ab	1.00±0.08a	0.88±0.09a
	SS+NM	0.73±0.05b	0.81±0.02c	1.08±0.06bc	1.17±0.03bc	0.91±0.03b	0.78±0.06ab
	SS+M	0.84±0.04a	0.93±.0.02a	1.22±0.05a	1.29±0.02a	1.04±0.03a	0.90±0.04a
5~10 cm	NT+NM	0.64±0.01b	0.68±0.03d	0.95±0.04b	1.05±0.01b	0.78±0.05c	0.67±0.05c
	NT+M	0.75±0.03a	0.80±0.01b	1.07±0.04a	1.17±0.03a	0.91±0.03a	0.79±0.06ab
	SS+NM	0.67±0.05b	0.74±0.01c	1.01±0.02ab	1.07±0.01b	0.84±0.02b	0.71±0.05bc
	SS+M	0.79±0.06a	0.88±0.03a	1.09±0.07a	1.17±0.05a	0.96±0.01a	0.87±0.06a
10~20 cm	NT+NM	0.48±0.05b	0.55±0.01c	0.81±0.06b	0.91±0.01b	0.61±0.01c	0.52±0.03c
	NT+M	0.62±0.06a	0.69±0.03b	0.86±0.04b	0.95±0.04b	0.72±0.02b	0.67±0.04b
	SS+NM	0.61±0.01a	0.66±0.02b	0.87±0.04b	0.93±0.02b	0.70±0.01b	0.64±0.04ab
	SS+M	0.67±0.04a	0.74±0.03a	1.00±0.09a	1.00±0.01a	0.83±0.02a	0.72±0.02a
20~30 cm	NT+NM	0.43±0.03b	0.41±0.01c	0.64±0.04c	0.70±0.02d	0.46±0.05c	0.43±0.04c
	NT+M	0.45±0.03b	0.51±0.04b	0.68±0.03c	0.76±0.03c	0.55±0.02b	0.49±0.04bc
	SS+NM	0.50±0.02ab	0.54±0.00b	0.74±0.03b	0.83±0.01b	0.62±0.05ab	0.54±0.01ab
	SS+M	0.55±0.07a	0.64±0.01a	0.84±0.02a	0.89±0.04a	0.67±0.03a	0.59±0.06a
30~40 cm	NT+NM	0.32±0.02b	0.32±0.00d	0.39±0.05b	0.43±0.02d	0.34±0.02c	0.34±0.02b
	NT+M	0.35±0.04b	0.36±0.01c	0.45±0.01b	0.48±0.01c	0.40±0.07bc	0.35±0.03b
	SS+NM	0.42±0.02a	0.46±0.01b	0.60±0.05a	0.69±0.01b	0.48±0.06ab	0.45±0.04a
	SS+M	0.45±0.03a	0.52±0.02a	0.68±0.06a	0.76±0.04a	0.54±0.04a	0.49±0.07a

土层	处理	播种期	拔节期	开花期	花后15 d	花后30 d	花后45 d
0~5 cm	NT+NM	0.69±0.02b	0.76±0.02d	1.01±0.08c	1.12±0.01c	0.85±0.03b	0.73±0.07b
	NT+M	0.83±0.02a	0.89±0.03b	1.17±0.02ab	1.26±0.10ab	1.00±0.08a	0.88±0.09a
	SS+NM	0.73±0.05b	0.81±0.02c	1.08±0.06bc	1.17±0.03bc	0.91±0.03b	0.78±0.06ab
	SS+M	0.84±0.04a	0.93±.0.02a	1.22±0.05a	1.29±0.02a	1.04±0.03a	0.90±0.04a
5~10 cm	NT+NM	0.64±0.01b	0.68±0.03d	0.95±0.04b	1.05±0.01b	0.78±0.05c	0.67±0.05c
	NT+M	0.75±0.03a	0.80±0.01b	1.07±0.04a	1.17±0.03a	0.91±0.03a	0.79±0.06ab
	SS+NM	0.67±0.05b	0.74±0.01c	1.01±0.02ab	1.07±0.01b	0.84±0.02b	0.71±0.05bc
	SS+M	0.79±0.06a	0.88±0.03a	1.09±0.07a	1.17±0.05a	0.96±0.01a	0.87±0.06a
10~20 cm	NT+NM	0.48±0.05b	0.55±0.01c	0.81±0.06b	0.91±0.01b	0.61±0.01c	0.52±0.03c
	NT+M	0.62±0.06a	0.69±0.03b	0.86±0.04b	0.95±0.04b	0.72±0.02b	0.67±0.04b
	SS+NM	0.61±0.01a	0.66±0.02b	0.87±0.04b	0.93±0.02b	0.70±0.01b	0.64±0.04ab
	SS+M	0.67±0.04a	0.74±0.03a	1.00±0.09a	1.00±0.01a	0.83±0.02a	0.72±0.02a
20~30 cm	NT+NM	0.43±0.03b	0.41±0.01c	0.64±0.04c	0.70±0.02d	0.46±0.05c	0.43±0.04c
	NT+M	0.45±0.03b	0.51±0.04b	0.68±0.03c	0.76±0.03c	0.55±0.02b	0.49±0.04bc
	SS+NM	0.50±0.02ab	0.54±0.00b	0.74±0.03b	0.83±0.01b	0.62±0.05ab	0.54±0.01ab
	SS+M	0.55±0.07a	0.64±0.01a	0.84±0.02a	0.89±0.04a	0.67±0.03a	0.59±0.06a
30~40 cm	NT+NM	0.32±0.02b	0.32±0.00d	0.39±0.05b	0.43±0.02d	0.34±0.02c	0.34±0.02b
	NT+M	0.35±0.04b	0.36±0.01c	0.45±0.01b	0.48±0.01c	0.40±0.07bc	0.35±0.03b
	SS+NM	0.42±0.02a	0.46±0.01b	0.60±0.05a	0.69±0.01b	0.48±0.06ab	0.45±0.04a
	SS+M	0.45±0.03a	0.52±0.02a	0.68±0.06a	0.76±0.04a	0.54±0.04a	0.49±0.07a

土层	处理	播种期	拔节期	开花期	花后15 d	花后30 d	花后45 d
0~5 cm	NT+NM	17.68±0.14b	19.34±0.76b	24.58±1.13b	22.74±1.11b	21.87±0.84c	20.19±0.39b
	NT+M	20.41±1.19a	25.67±0.81a	34.31±0.84a	31.11±0.98a	25.95±0.11b	22.21±0.35a
	SS+NM	17.77±0.29b	20.48±0.14b	24.86±1.24b	23.13±1.30b	22.53±0.62c	20.55±0.38b
	SS+M	20.51±1.44a	26.71±1.25a	35.03±0.24a	31.33±0.32a	27.17±0.29a	22.40±1.04a
5~10 cm	NT+NM	16.60±0.42b	18.01±0.02c	23.38±0.59c	20.49±1.18c	19.88±0.16b	18.55±0.22c
	NT+M	17.65±0.53a	18.97±0.20b	26.27±0.65b	22.98±1.68ab	21.73±0.70a	20.03±0.88ab
	SS+NM	16.73±0.56ab	18.91±0.88b	23.99±0.43c	21.01±0.65bc	20.43±0.71b	19.09±0.85bc
	SS+M	17.66±0.49a	20.23±0.01a	28.58±1.51a	24.30±0.65a	22.60±0.60a	20.40±0.54a
10~20 cm	NT+NM	15.69±0.25b	16.18±1.13b	19.10±0.32b	18.38±0.11b	17.64±0.38b	16.44±0.30b
	NT+M	15.88±0.20b	17.13±0.39ab	19.31±0.18b	18.66±1.28b	17.94±0.77b	16.79±0.54b
	SS+NM	15.90±0.63b	17.03±0.69ab	19.94±0.52b	18.79±0.20b	18.02±0.49ab	17.36±0.62ab
	SS+M	16.39±0.29a	18.37±0.61a	21.31±0.93a	20.14±0.55a	19.05±0.50a	17.88±0.65a
20~30 cm	NT+NM	14.41±0.01c	15.17±0.18c	15.87±0.32c	15.47±0.15c	15.45±0.45b	15.48±0.10c
	NT+M	14.46±0.46c	15.72±0.60bc	16.40±0.45c	16.17±0.79bc	15.87±0.38b	15.64±0.50bc
	SS+NM	15.33±0.54b	16.33±0.22b	17.45±0.24b	16.66±0.30b	16.23±0.49ab	16.02±0.06ab
	SS+M	16.14±0.04a	17.41±0.26a	18.69±0.32a	17.69±0.12a	17.11±0.68a	16.44±0.11a
30~40 cm	NT+NM	13.93±0.62b	14.13±0.26b	14.56±0.57c	14.24±0.69c	14.25±0.48c	14.14±0.19c
	NT+M	14.06±0.24b	14.37±0.18b	14.62±0.15c	14.50±0.24c	14.40±0.13c	14.30±0.47bc
	SS+NM	15.04±0.73a	14.56±0.81b	16.13±0.60b	15.62±0.22b	15.28±0.11b	15.02±0.03b
	SS+M	15.80±0.10a	16.47±0.14a	17.96±0.75a	17.08±0.15a	16.21±0.14a	15.77±0.62a