Habitat Characteristics and Light Adaptability of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains

doi:10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb2022-0320

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the natural habitat characteristics of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains and its response to different light conditions, the methodology of community quantitative analysis was applied to categorize and rank the natural clusters of S. sphenanthera. At the same time, the ecological niche width of S. sphenanthera and the degree of niche overlap with the main shrub species were measured. Furthermore, the rapid chlorophyll fluorescence induction curves of leaves under different light conditions were measured as well. The results show that the habitats of S. sphenanthera in the Qinling Mountains could be divided into four categories: northern subtropical coniferous forest; warm temperate coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest; warm temperate deciduous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen, deciduous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Among the shrub layers of the four habitats, S. sphenanthera is ranked the top 20% in the importance value, and is one of the main species of understory shrubs. The forward selection and Mente Carlo test were performed on seven environmental factors, and finally, two ecological factors, canopy closure and slope position, were screened out, and a total of 79% of the environmental information was extracted. Among the various habitats, S. sphenanthera has a wider niche width and a larger niche overlap with other understory shrubs, indicating that it has strong interspecific competition with understory shrub species. Under full-light condition without shading, the specific leaf area (SLA) and the maximum photochemical quantum yield of PSII both decrease, and there is an obvious K point in the chlorophyll fluorescence fast kinetic curve (OJIP). It indicates that the strong light inhibits the photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and may affect the energy distribution pattern of the plant. All four types of natural habitats of S. sphenanthera are shaded under the canopy, and excessive light can lead to a decrease in its photosynthetic efficiency. It is suggested that the natural habitat should be simulated as much as possible in artificial ecological cultivation, and appropriate shade should be provided.

Key words: Schisandra sphenanthera, Qinling Mountains, habitats, ecological niche, light adaptability

QIANG Yi, DU Xinyi, CUI Langjun, GUO Hua. Habitat Characteristics and Light Adaptability of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2023, 39(11): 36-42.

Figures/Tables 8

References 27

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样地编号	样地名	海拔/m	坐标/(N,E)	生境类型	坡向	坡度	样方号
Ⅰ	山阳县杏坪镇中山村	950~1200	33.4480602 109.4606608	针阔混交林针叶林	西偏南10°	27	1-4
Ⅰ	山阳县杏坪镇中山村	950~1200	33.4480602 109.4606608	针阔混交林针叶林	东偏北18°	31	5-8
Ⅱ	柞水县下梁镇宋家沟	860~1100	33.6633233 109.0867332	落叶阔叶林	西坡	22	9-11
Ⅱ	柞水县下梁镇宋家沟	860~1100	33.6633233 109.0867332	落叶阔叶林	东偏南12°	24	12-15
Ⅲ	柞水县下梁镇小沙沟	810~1100	33.6570443 109.1107718	针阔混交林	西偏北7°	30	16-18
Ⅲ	柞水县下梁镇小沙沟	810~1100	33.6570443 109.1107718	针阔混交林	东偏北13°	23	19-22
Ⅳ	石泉县两河镇中心村	630~800	33.2814602 108.0513198	针叶林针阔混交林	西偏南23°	17	23-25
Ⅳ	石泉县两河镇中心村	630~800	33.2814602 108.0513198	针叶林针阔混交林	东偏北11°	19	26-28
Ⅴ	太白县桃川镇	1150~1350	34.0558966 107.5697707	落叶阔叶林	南坡	24	29-31
Ⅴ	太白县桃川镇	1150~1350	34.0558966 107.5697707	落叶阔叶林	北坡	21	32-35

样地编号	样地名	海拔/m	坐标/(N,E)	生境类型	坡向	坡度	样方号
Ⅰ	山阳县杏坪镇中山村	950~1200	33.4480602 109.4606608	针阔混交林针叶林	西偏南10°	27	1-4
Ⅰ	山阳县杏坪镇中山村	950~1200	33.4480602 109.4606608	针阔混交林针叶林	东偏北18°	31	5-8
Ⅱ	柞水县下梁镇宋家沟	860~1100	33.6633233 109.0867332	落叶阔叶林	西坡	22	9-11
Ⅱ	柞水县下梁镇宋家沟	860~1100	33.6633233 109.0867332	落叶阔叶林	东偏南12°	24	12-15
Ⅲ	柞水县下梁镇小沙沟	810~1100	33.6570443 109.1107718	针阔混交林	西偏北7°	30	16-18
Ⅲ	柞水县下梁镇小沙沟	810~1100	33.6570443 109.1107718	针阔混交林	东偏北13°	23	19-22
Ⅳ	石泉县两河镇中心村	630~800	33.2814602 108.0513198	针叶林针阔混交林	西偏南23°	17	23-25
Ⅳ	石泉县两河镇中心村	630~800	33.2814602 108.0513198	针叶林针阔混交林	东偏北11°	19	26-28
Ⅴ	太白县桃川镇	1150~1350	34.0558966 107.5697707	落叶阔叶林	南坡	24	29-31
Ⅴ	太白县桃川镇	1150~1350	34.0558966 107.5697707	落叶阔叶林	北坡	21	32-35

群落类型	辛普森多样性指数	郁闭度	群落重要值排位/%	灌木层重要值排位/%	坡位
Ⅰ	0.387	0.84 ±0.12 a	67.1	12.6	中、上坡
Ⅱ	0.563	0.74 ±0.13 b	65.3	10.4	中坡
Ⅲ	0.671	0.71 ± 0.18 b	61.4	13.5	中坡
Ⅳ	0.514	0.70 ±0.11 b	74.1	19.3	中、下坡

群落类型	辛普森多样性指数	郁闭度	群落重要值排位/%	灌木层重要值排位/%	坡位
Ⅰ	0.387	0.84 ±0.12 a	67.1	12.6	中、上坡
Ⅱ	0.563	0.74 ±0.13 b	65.3	10.4	中坡
Ⅲ	0.671	0.71 ± 0.18 b	61.4	13.5	中坡
Ⅳ	0.514	0.70 ±0.11 b	74.1	19.3	中、下坡

群落类型		灌木物种编号：生态位宽度/ 生态位重叠值
群落类型	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Ⅰ	0.534	0.321	0.397	0.211	0.334	0.319	0.365	0.279	0.411	0.413	0.459	0.401	0.513	0.542	0.477
Ⅰ		0.387	0.534	0.478	0.463	0.429	0.478	0.366	0.424	0.319	0.234	0.453	0.534	0.397	0.414
Ⅱ	0.525	0.302	0.348	0.243	-	0.328	0.346	0.242	0.387	0.410	0.467	0.392	0.544	0.519	0.431
Ⅱ		0.563	0.645	0.443	-	0.393	0.551	0.363	0.485	0.473	0.241	0.516	0.445	0.493	0.312
Ⅲ	0.492	0.339	0.392	0.251	0.316	0.336	0.353	0.281	0.402	0.409	0.455	0.388	0.531	0.507	0.419
Ⅲ		0.571	0.411	0.621	0.472	0.439	0.432	0.401	0.433	0.371	0.232	0.413	0.617	0.556	0.228
Ⅳ	0.513	0.367	0.316	0.222	0.327	0.339	0.369	0.263	0.417	0.393	-	0.425	0.517	0.532	0.423
Ⅳ		0.214	0.143	0.351	0.273	0.107	0.431	0.479	0.132	0.124	-	0.396	0.541	0.359	0.387